Test "Man and Society" Grade 10.
Option number 1
1. Definition: “The totality of ideas, views, theories, as well as feelings, habits and mores of a particular social community or group” refers to the concept
A) social conscienceB)society
C) ordinary consciousness D) ideology
2. Ivan - tall, thin, with beautiful features, courageous, prudent, slow and cautious. All this characterizes Ivan as
A) personality B) citizen C) personality D) professional
3. Automation of production is widespread in R.'s society, and computerization is being successfully carried out. What additional information will allow us to conclude that R.'s society is post-industrial?
A) the main product of production - industrial products
B) the main factor of production - knowledge
C) widespread use of mechanisms, technologies
D) class division of society
4. What sign characterizes a traditional society?
A) intensive urbanization B) the predominance of assigned social status
C) high social mobility D) growth in consumption
5. Meaningful drivers of human activity include
A) habits B) drives C) motives D) emotions
6. Are the following judgments about the similarities and differences between humans and animals correct?
A. Ants and other "social" animals work just like humans.
B. All animal individuals, unlike humans, always act according to the genetic program.
7. The basis of human existence is
A) friendship B) love C) consumerism D)activity
8. Write down the missing word in the diagram.
Types ……………………….
industrial
post-industrial
9. Which characteristic is not suitable for a traditional society:
A) low level social mobility
B) the dominance of religion, customs and traditions
C) the agrarian nature of the economy
D) globalization of life
10. A person's need for anything is:
A) abilities B) activities C) needs D) interest E) values
11. characteristic feature post-industrial society is:
A) industrial expansion
B) slowdown in development
C) the creation of mass culture
D) use computer technology
12. The emergence of transnational corporations in modern society, the development of international trade are a manifestation of the trend:
A) modernization B)globalization C) democratization D) informatization
13. The transition to a post-industrial society is characterized by:
A) the formation of a market economy
B) limited social mobility
C) the development of mass media
D) the organization of factory production
14. Are the following judgments about the process of globalization correct?
A) the development of mass communications makes the modern world more holistic
B) all global problems are the result of economic integration
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
15. Social progress is expressed in:
A) progressive development of society B) links between society and nature
C) the stability of forms of social life D) the systemic structure of society
16. In the transition from a traditional society to an industrial one:
A) the dominance of agriculture over industry
B) the importance of science and education has increased
B) increased class differences
D) the importance of collectivist values has increased as opposed to the values of individual freedom
17. Which of the following characterizes modern Western society?
A) an agrarian type of society
B) underdevelopment of private property institutions
C) the special value of human individuality
D) the predominance of collective forms of consciousness
18. At the core civilizational approach to the study of society:
A) highlighting the general B) highlighting the special
C) the development of the mind D) the development of morality.
19. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the industrial society. Find two terms that fall out of the general row, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Mass culture, 2. Technology, 3. Community, 4. Private property, 5. castes, 6. Law, 7. Classes, 8. Ecological crisis, 9. Human rights and freedoms.
Test "Man and Society" Grade 10. Profile
Option number 2
1. Man, according to modern ideas, there is a being
A) spiritual B) social C) biological D) biosocial
2. Population grows faster in the less developed countries of Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America which sharply exacerbates the problems of housing, education, medical care and, above all, food. According to experts, over 80% of the world's population will live in these countries in the future. On the other hand, in a number of countries and regions of the world, including Western Europe and in Russia, there is a threatening decline in the population and its significant aging. This situation is indicative of a global problem
A) war and peace B) economic C) demographic D) energy
3. V. society prevails rural population, whose ideal is the observance of customs and piety. Savings are insignificant and are spent not on production, but on consumption. State property dominates. What type of society does V. belong to?
A) post-industrial B) industrial
B) traditionalG)informational
4. Petrovsky transformations of the 18th century. are an example
A) stagnation B) counter-reforms C) evolution D) modernization
5. Definition: "Directed development, which is characterized by a transition from lower to higher, from less perfect to more perfect" refers to the concept
A) stagnation B)progress C) regression D) modernization
6. Are the following judgments about industrial society correct?
A. An industrial society is economically characterized by machine production, assembly line, standardization, scientific organization labor.
B. An industrial society is politically characterized by a despotic regime.
1) only A is correct2) only B is correct3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
7. An industrial society differs from a traditional one in that:
A) there is a strict division of people into classes, castes
B) it does not have social conflicts
C) it is dominated by communal principles social life
D) industrial enterprises become the centers of socio-economic life
8. Write the missing word in the diagram:
Natural, social, ______________ needs_______
9. The separation of craft and agriculture that occurred in antiquity testifies to:
A) scientific and technological revolution B) social reform
C) social progress D) regression of society
10. The concept of "element", "structure", "relationship" is used when considering
societies like:
A) human environment B) dynamic system
C) an integral system D) a detached part of the material world
11. traditional society as opposed to industrial
A) has a class stratification B) is open
C) is based on a religious worldview D) supports science as a social institution
12. What contributes to the process of globalization in modern world?
A) the development of means of transport and communication B) the size of the middle class grew
C) development of the service sector D) deepening social differentiation
13. What sign refers to an industrial society?
A) the leading role of agriculture B) the predominance of industry
C) a weak level of division of labor D) the decisive importance of the service sector in the economy
14. Are the following judgments about social progress correct?
A) one of the criteria for social progress is the sustainable economic growth of most states in the modern world
B) the most obvious consequences of social progress in the sphere of material production
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
15. Reform as opposed to revolution:
A) is comprehensive
B) is a form of social dynamics
C) is carried out, as a rule, on the initiative from above
D) leads to profound changes in social life
16. The concept of "development", "interaction of elements" characterizes society as:
A) a dynamic system
B) part of nature
C) the entire surrounding material world
D) the interaction of people in social groups.
17. A quick jump-like transition from one socio-political system to another is called
A) progress B)revolution C) evolution D) regression
18. Are the following judgments about social progress correct?
A. Progress in one area of social life may be accompanied by regression in another.
B. Social progress can be graphically depicted as an ascending broken line.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both statements are true4 ) both statements are wrong
19. Find in the list below the signs that characterize the development of post-industrial civilization in the modern world and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Expansion of virtual communications.
2. Low level of social mobility.
3. The natural character of the economy.
4. Unity of the world economic space.
5. Multivariate development and diversity of forms of existence of human society.
KEY to the Test "Man and Society" Grade 10.
Option number 1
1- A 2- C 3- B 4- B 5- C 6- 2 7- D 8- Companies 9- D 10- C
11- D 12- B 13- C 14- 1 15- A 16- B 17- C 18- B 19- 3.5
Option number 2
1- D 2- C 3- C 4- D 5- B 6- 1 7- D 8- spiritual 9- C 10- C
11- C 12- A 13- B 14- 3 15- C 16- A 17- B 18- 3 19- 1.4.5
Note:
This version of the back test is compiled in the USE format. The test presents those tasks which may contain questions on this topic.
Detailed answers with explanations are given, as well as abstracts of essays (task No. 29) about goal-setting, needs, and public opinion. The material will help in preparing for the exam.
Quotes (task number 29):
- (L.N. Tolstoy)
- .(I.W. Goethe)
- .(B.Pascal)
Part 1
The answers to tasks 1–20 are
a word (phrase) or a sequence of numbers. Write your answers in the answer boxes in the text of the work, and then transfer them to the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of
numbers of the corresponding tasks, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each character in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.
1Write down the missing word in the table.
Characteristics of the forms of spiritual culture
Answer:
Correct answer
social
2In the row below, find the concept that is generalizing for all the other concepts presented. Write down this word.
material, cognitive, activity, socially transformative, value-oriented, prognostic
Answer:
Correct answer
activity
3Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two,
indicate the structure of the activity.
1) purpose; 2) abilities; 3) means); 4) result; 5) subject; 6) skills.
Find two terms that “fall out” of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
Answer:
Correct answer
Explanation.
Recall the structure of activity, that is, its components: motive, goal, means and methods, actions, result. Subject and object of activity.
4Choose the correct judgments about the person and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) is formed in the process of socialization;
2) can exist outside of society;
3) the basis of the social qualities of the individual - inclinations;
4) has the ability to be responsible for his actions and deeds;
5) a newborn person is already a person.
Answer:
Correct answer
Explanation.
1) is formed in the process of socialization ( Yes);
2) can exist outside of society ( No, only in society does a person become personality, that is, acquires socially significant features that help him live among people).
3) the basis of the social qualities of the individual - the makings ( No, these are natural qualities, but they, of course, can only develop in society)
4) has the ability to be responsible for his actions and deeds ( Yes)
5) a newborn person is already a person ( No, this is person, individual, but not a person, he still cannot communicate, be responsible for his actions, etc.)
5Establish a correspondence between the distinctive features and the types of society that they illustrate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
BUT
B
AT
G
D
Correct answer
6The composer has created a new work. What facts characterize his activity as creative? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) pattern making
2) standardization of actions and techniques
3) combination, variation of various methods of activity
4) brightness, unusualness of the created work
5) creating a new work
6) the use of techniques and methods that did not previously exist
Answer:
Correct answer
Explanation.
Creative activity is the creation of something new by a person, not according to the standard and model. Therefore, numbers 1 and 2 are incorrect.
20Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.
“It is human nature to desire to satisfy one's ____ (A). To do this, he needs to engage in _____ (B). The key to its success is _____ (B), which can be improved throughout life. Highest Degree their development is _____ (D). It is impossible without natural ______ (D), the development of which leads to high results. Only ______(E) is able to create something valuable for themselves and society.
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once.
Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.
List of terms:
1) genius
2) giftedness
3) creativity
4) ability
5)needs
6) personality
7) activity
8) makings
9) individuality
The table below lists the letters that represent the missing words. Write in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.
BUT
B
AT
G
D
E
Correct answer
Part 2
To write down the answers to the tasks of this part (21–29), use the ANSWER FORM No. 2. First write down the task number (21, 22, etc.), and then the detailed answer to it. Write your answers clearly and legibly.
Read the text and do tasks 21-24.
| For a correct understanding of a person's personality, it is necessary to consider the broader context in which it exists. A person is connected with the world around him by a system of diverse relationships and connections. In the system of these connections, a person is also studied as a natural individual with an inherent development program and a certain range variability, and as the subject and object of historical development - the individual, and as the main productive force of society - the subject of labor, knowledge and communication, which emphasizes its integral nature. Man also appears as an individual. If we want to understand a person, his appearance and behavior as a holistic and integral formation, we must study him both as an individual, and as a subject, and as a person, and, finally, as an individual, any opposition, and even more so ignoring or exaggerating one of these parameters person is unacceptable. It is unacceptable insofar as otherwise the idea of human psychology as an integral entity will be deformed. (Based on the book by V.A. Averin "Psychology of Personality") |
Answer:
22 Name three approaches to the study of personality, named in the text. Attracting social science knowledge, facts of social life, name another one, not indicated in the textAnswer:
Correct answer
The text names three approaches to the study of personality:
- consideration of the personality as a natural individual;
- as a subject and object of historical development;
as the main productive force of society.
We can name another aspect of the study of personality - the study of agents of the first and second socialization.
23 What three sides of the study of personality does the author name? Using the facts of public life and personal social experience, give an example of how study of one of these aspects.Answer:
Correct answer
- as an individual
- as an individual
- as a personality, with its inherent features.
So, studying a personality as an individuality, its biological features (thinking, temperament, etc.), its character, level of formation are considered. moral qualities responsibility for deeds and actions. All this allows you to study the personality in all its individual originality and uniqueness.
24 Using the text and social science knowledge, give three explanations the idea expressed in the text that " in the process of studying it.Answer:
Correct answer
«… it is unacceptable to ignore or exaggerate one of the parameters of a person" in the process of studying it. Three explanations:
- it is impossible to understand a person without studying the features of his individuality - a view of the world, ideals, values, the purpose of life, etc.;
- a person is a social being, therefore, studying him, one considers personal qualities, formed in society;
- finally, a person is an individual, a single representative of the human race, therefore, studying him from this point of view, generalized features that are characteristic of all people are considered.
Conclusion: the study of man should be carried out comprehensively.
25 What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept "capabilities"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about ability levels, and one sentence revealing the features of one of these ability levels.Answer:
Correct answer
Abilities are the qualities of a person that allow him to successfully perform any activity. Allocate levels of abilities: giftedness, talent, genius. Genius is highly developed abilities backed up by natural inclinations; genius is characterized by the creation of a new law, a direction in art, a school, etc., that did not previously exist in society.
26 Name and illustrate any three personality traits.Answer:
Correct answer
Personality Features:
- Ability to work (Sergey - car repairman);
- Ability to communicate (Anna and Irina discussed how they spoke at the conference);
- Responsibility for actions and deeds (the head of the company N., working on the modernization of production, offered the dismissed employees vacancies in firms, giving everyone a recommendation for a new employer).
Literary critic V. G. Belinsky wrote:
“Without a goal there is no activity, without interests there is no goal, and without activity there is no life.”
What feature of human activity did V. G. Belinsky write about?
What, according to critics, is the role of activity in human life?
Using social science knowledge, indicate any three types of human activity.
Answer:
Correct answer
VG Belinsky wrote about such a personality trait as the ability to set goals.
According to the critic, activity is the basis of human life.
Activities:
— social
- production
- cognitive.
28 You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Man is a biosocial being." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.Answer:
Correct answer
Man is a biosocial being.
Plan.
- The concept of man as a biosocial being.
- Biological in man:
- the instinct of self-preservation
- maternal instinct
- procreation instinct
- physiological needs.
3.Social in a person:
- ability to communicate
- ability to work
- goal setting, etc.
4. The need to take into account the social and biological in a person in the formation of his personality.
By completing task 29, you can show your knowledge and skills on the content that is more attractive to you. For this purpose, choose only ONE of the statements below (29.1–29.5).
29Choose one of the statements below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic touched upon).
When presenting your thoughts on the problem raised (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use the knowledge gained during the study of the social science course, the relevant concepts, as well as the facts of social life and your own life experience. (Give at least two
examples from various sources.)
Answer:
Correct answer
29.1Philosophy.
“Before talking about the good of satisfying needs, we must decide which needs constitute the good.”
(L.N. Tolstoy. The greatest Russian writer, teacher, philosopher, educator (1828-1910)
Answer:
Correct answer
29.1Philosophy
“Give a man a purpose worth living for, and he can survive in any situation.”
(I.W. Goethe. German poet, natural scientist, statesman and thinker (1749-1832)
Answer:
Correct answer
| The main idea of the quote.
In the statement of the German poet, scientist, thinker I.W. Goethe, an idea was expressed about the importance of setting a goal in a person’s life. The author notes that it is the goal that fills life with meaning, gives strength to a person. Indeed, a clear goal that a person aspires to becomes a beacon that illuminates the path and helps to survive all difficulties. Terms. Activities, goal-setting, material and spiritual activities, means and methods of activity, the meaning of life, life values. Arguments. 1. It's scary if a person leads an aimless lifestyle. Let us recall Oblomov, the hero of the novel of the same name by I.A. Goncharova. His life has become a do-nothing. Yes, he thinks a lot, even expresses interesting thoughts about people, society, the meaning of life. But the hero does nothing. Even just to write a letter to the clerk to find out how things are going on his estate, he cannot, he constantly puts it off. How many experiences brings him a meeting with Olga, because the heroine literally forced him to do something. But Ilya Oblomov was unable to change his life. Lack of purpose, activity led to the imminent death of the hero. 2. You can give a lot of examples of people whose life is an active, purposeful movement towards the implementation of their plans. In the ZhZL series (“The Life of Remarkable People”) there is a book by Evgeny Lebedev about M.V. Lomonosov. The author, telling about the life path of this great man, tirelessly emphasizes that M.V. Lomonosov was constantly striving for something. He had not one, but many goals, and he sought to achieve them: he received an education, studied the unknown, became the initiator and founder of the first university in Russia, Moscow. Of course, there were difficulties along the way. It was not easy for a Pomeranian peasant to break into the elite of society. And he did this, glorifying his name and Russia with his activities, because he clearly knew what he was striving for. |
Philosophy
"Public opinion rules people"
(Blaise Pascal. French mathematician, physicist, writer and scientist (1623-1662)
Answer:
Correct answer
| The main idea of the quote.
The statement of the French scientist and writer B. Pascal contains the idea of the importance of public opinion in people's lives. He believes that it literally rules people. We can partially agree with this opinion. Of course, people's opinions play an important role in a person's life, because he lives in society, so he must adhere to certain norms and traditions. However, everyone should have their own views and beliefs and clearly defend them, if they go against the public, one should not turn into part of the crowd, one should strive to be an individual, to defend justice. Terms. Man, society, public opinion, views, ideals, values, life position (active, passive), public control (formal, informal), personality, individuality. Arguments. 1. A striking example of the influence of society on human behavior, the formation of his views and values is the play by A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”. The main thing in the “Famus society” is public opinion (remember, Famusov said: “What will Princess Marya Aleksevna say!”). In this circle, their ideals and values were formed, which people follow. Molchalin strives to become the same as all its members. Wealth, position in society, career, influence - this is the ideal of these people. And if someone does not want to obey the laws and traditions established by centuries, as Chatsky did, then such a person is simply expelled, calling him “crazy”. However, at any time there are and will be people who defend their positions if they see the injustice of the established norms and procedures. It is hard for Chatsky, he is alone in Famusov's house. But not alone in the country. It is for such people that the future lies, for those who want to sincerely serve “the cause, not individuals”, for the good of the Motherland. So public opinion does not always subjugate people. 2. World history knows many examples when people went against public opinion if it contradicted the truth. In the "Encyclopedia for Children" of the publishing house "Avanta +" in the volume "Astronomy" there is an article about the activities of D. Bruno, an English scientist of the 16th century. His main ideas are set forth in the book "On the infinity of the universe and the worlds." He foresaw many scientific discoveries: about the boundlessness of the Universe, about numerous worlds unknown to people, supported the ideas of Copernicus about the round shape of the Earth revolving around the Sun. Bruno's ideas did not correspond to the views of the Catholic Church, so he was executed as a heretic. The life of a scientist is an example of how strong personalities defend their ideas, continue to learn the truth, despite the traditions of society and its opinion, if it is erroneous. |
Option number 1
1. Definition: “The totality of ideas, views, theories, as well as feelings, habits and mores of a particular social community or group” refers to the concept
A) social conscience B) society
C) ordinary consciousness D) ideology
2. Automation of production is widespread in Russian society, and computerization is being successfully carried out. What additional information will allow us to conclude that R.'s society is post-industrial?
A) the main product of production - industrial products
B) the main factor of production - knowledge
C) widespread use of mechanisms, technologies
D) class division of society
3. What sign characterizes a traditional society?
A) intensive urbanization B) the predominance of assigned social status
C) high social mobility D) growth in consumption
4. Are the following judgments about the similarities and differences between humans and animals correct?
A. Ants and other "social" animals work just like humans.
B. All animal individuals, unlike humans, always act according to the genetic program.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
5. The basis of human existence is
A) friendship B) love C) consumerism D) activity
6. Write down the missing word in the diagram.
Types ……………………….
traditional
industrial
post-industrial
7. Which characteristic is not suitable for a traditional society:
A) low level of social mobility
B) the dominance of religion, customs and traditions
C) the agrarian nature of the economy
D) globalization of life
8. A person's need for anything is:
A) abilities B) activities C) needs D) interest E) values
9. A characteristic feature of a post-industrial society is:
A) industrial expansion
B) slowdown in development
C) the creation of mass culture
D) use of computer technology
10. The transition to a post-industrial society is characterized by:
A) the formation of a market economy
B) limited social mobility
C) the development of mass media
D) the organization of factory production
11. Social progress is expressed in:
A) progressive development of society B) links between society and nature
C) the stability of forms of social life D) the systemic structure of society
12. In the transition from a traditional society to an industrial one:
A) the dominance of agriculture over industry
B) the importance of science and education has increased
B) increased class differences
D) the importance of collectivist values has increased as opposed to the values of individual freedom
13. Which of the following characterizes modern Western society?
A) an agrarian type of society
B) underdevelopment of private property institutions
C) the special value of human individuality
D) the predominance of collective forms of consciousness
14. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the industrial society. Find two terms that fall out of the general row, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Mass culture, 2. Technology, 3. Community, 4. Private property, 5. castes , 6. Law, 7. Classes, 8. Ecological crisis, 9. Human rights and freedoms.
Test "Man and Society" Grade 10. Profile
Option number 2
1. Man, according to modern ideas, is a creature
A) spiritual B) social C) biological D) biosocial
2. V. society is dominated by the rural population, whose ideal is the observance of customs and piety. Savings are insignificant and are spent not on production, but on consumption. State property dominates. What type of society does V. belong to?
A) post-industrial B) industrial C) traditional G) informational
3. Petrovsky transformations of the 18th century. are an example
A) stagnation B) counter-reforms C) evolution D) modernization
4. Definition: "Directed development, which is characterized by the transition from lower to higher, from less perfect to more perfect" refers to the concept
A) stagnation B) progress C) regression D) modernization
5. Are the following judgments about industrial society correct?
A. Industrial society is economically characterized by machine production, a conveyor belt, standardization, and a scientific organization of labor.
B. An industrial society is politically characterized by a despotic regime.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
6. An industrial society differs from a traditional one in that :
A) there is a strict division of people into classes, castes
B) there are no social conflicts in it
C) communal principles of social life dominate in it
D) industrial enterprises become the centers of socio-economic life
7. Write the missing word in the diagram:
needs
natural social _____________________
8. The separation of craft and agriculture that occurred in antiquity testifies to:
A) scientific and technological revolution B) social reform
C) social progress D) regression of society
9. The concept of "element", "structure", "relationship" is used when considering
societies like:
A) human habitat B) dynamic system
C) an integral system D) a detached part of the material world
10. Traditional society as opposed to industrial:
A) has a class stratification B) is open
C) is based on a religious worldview D) supports science as a social institution
11. What contributes to the process of globalization in the modern world?
A) the development of means of transport and communication B) the size of the middle class grew
C) development of the service sector D) deepening social differentiation
12. What sign refers to an industrial society?
A) the leading role of agriculture B) the predominance of industry
C) a weak level of division of labor D) the decisive importance of the service sector in the economy
13. Reform as opposed to revolution:
A) is comprehensive
B) is a form of social dynamics
C) is carried out, as a rule, on the initiative from above
D) leads to profound changes in social life
14. The concept of "development", "interaction of elements" characterizes society as :
A) a dynamic system
B) part of nature
C) the entire surrounding material world
D) the interaction of people in social groups.
15. A quick jump-like transition from one socio-political system to another is called
A) progress B) revolution C) evolution D) regression
16. Find in the list below the signs that characterize the development of post-industrial civilization in the modern world and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Expansion of virtual communications.
2. Low level of social mobility.
3. The natural character of the economy.
4. Unity of the world economic space.
5. Multivariate development and diversity of forms of existence of human society.
KEY to the Test "Man and Society" Grade 10. Profile
Option number 1
1- A 2- C 3- B 4- B 5- C 6- 2 7- D 8- Companies 9- D 10- C
11- D 12- B 13- C 14- 1 15- A 16- B 17- C 18- B 19- 3.5
Option number 2
1- D 2- C 3- C 4- D 5- B 6- 1 7- D 8- spiritual 9- C 10- C
11- C 12- A 13- B 14- 3 15- C 16- A 17- B 18- 3 19- 1.4.5
The test on the topic "Man" is presented in two versions. Compiled on the basis of FIPI materials. Consists of part A (30 questions) and part B (7 tasks). Corresponds to the structure of the exam. It can be used both to prepare students for the exam, and to control ZUN on this topic.
Download:
Preview:
Theme: "Man". Option 1
A1 . Individuality is
1) specific features inherent in man as a biological organism
2) the temperament of a person, his character
3) the unique originality of both natural and social in man
4) the totality of human needs and abilities
A2. The characteristic that distinguishes man from animals is
1) manifestation of activity 2) goal setting
3) adaptation to the environment 4) interaction with the outside world
A3 . Are the following judgments about a person's life in society correct?
A. In man, nature itself has the ability to live in society.
B. Personality can only be formed in human society.
A4 . The results of the production, social and spiritual activities of a person and society in the aggregate can be called
1) culture 2) economy 3) worldview 4) history
A5 . Human activity and animal behavior are characterized
1) setting goals 2) self-control mechanism
3) a conscious choice of means 4) satisfaction of needs
A6 . Work as opposed to communication
1) is a human need
2) can give a person pleasure
3)Directly convert items environment
4) assumes the presence of a goal
A7 . Are the following judgments about human freedom correct?
A. Human freedom is synonymous with permissiveness.
B. Human freedom is impossible in the conditions of social relations and interactions.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A8 . The needs of a person, due to his biological nature, include the need for
1) self-preservation 2) self-realization 3) self-knowledge 4) self-education
A9. personality traits are manifested in
1) traits of a person as a biological organism 2) hereditary predisposition
3) features of temperament 4) socially transformative activity
A10 . Are the following judgments about the manifestation of the individual and the social in man correct?
A. The individual and the social in man are the result of biological evolution.
B. Individual and social development of a person are in no way connected with each other.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A11 . Both humans and animals are capable of
1) use objects of nature 2) make tools using other tools
3) transfer labor skills to subsequent generations 4) be aware of their own needs
A12 . Human activities such as communication and play have in common that they
1) allow the use of certain rules or norms
2) require the mandatory presence of a partner
3) are conditional
4) prescribe obligatory observance of rituals
Gradual evolution from the great ape to the actual man?
- I.I. Mechnikov 2) I.P. Pavlov 3) C. Darwin 4) Zh. Cuvier
A14 . Which of the following features is characteristic of humans and absent in animals?
- metabolic processes
- creative activity
- the work of the sense organs
- need for food
A15 . AT cognitive activity as opposed to labor
- the means must match the ends
- the goal is to obtain reliable knowledge
- the individual is the subject
- the result is a new product
A 16. Will is
- power over oneself, control over one's actions, conscious regulation of one's behavior
- the ability to hit back an offender
- the ability to fundamentally oppose any point of view other than one's own
- ability to the most dangerous and cruel struggle
A17 . The student for the teacher is:
- object of activity 2) competitor 3) subject of activity 4) colleague
A18. Are the following statements about personality correct?
A. The main thing in the characterization of a person is the participation of a person in social relations and creative activities.
B. A newborn person is a person.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A19 . Agents of secondary socialization do not include:
- Radio journalist 2) cousin 3) university teacher 4) head of an enterprise?
A20 . Are the judgments correct?
Formal interpersonal relationships:
A. Are built depending on individual features personality.
B. Standardized and depersonalized.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A21 . Complete the statement: Man is a creature embodying the highest stage of life development, most likely based on the ability of man
- organize together with other people into close-knit groups to defend their interests;
- to repulse any aggressive attacks against him;
- adapt to environmental conditions that are not always favorable for him;
- to creative creative activity based on a developed, improving consciousness (thinking, imagination, intuition, etc.)
A22 . Existential needs include:
- comfort 2) communication 3) knowledge 4) self-respect
A23 . Are the following statements about self-consciousness correct?
A. A person can determine what he is by comparing himself with other people.
B. A person can determine who he is without asking what other people think of him.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A24 . Are the following statements about a person correct?
A. Man remains part of the natural world.
B. Man develops in the process of social and cultural evolution.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A25 . Are the following statements about outstanding human abilities correct?
BUT. Ingenious man makes nature.
B. Mental talent is a quality determined by the biological nature of a person.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A26 . To practical activities applies
- production of wealth
- knowledge of the laws of development of nature
- formation religious beliefs about the world
- composing music
A27 . Activity versus communication
- is a human need
- can make a person happy
- assumes a goal
- directly transforms objects in the environment
A28 . Are the following statements about individual freedom true?
A. Human freedom presupposes the responsibility of a person to society for his actions and deeds.
B. Freedom is the ability to choose a course of action to achieve some goal.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A29 . Choose the correct answer from the list below.
Man like individual representative human community, the carrier of individually free traits is called:
- Doer 2) individual 3) leader 4) personality
A30. The highest moral meaning of human activity gives
- Self-giving 2) material gain 3) pride in what has been accomplished 4) enjoyment of mastery.
Part B
IN 1 . Complete the phrase: “A manifestation of activity characteristic of a person, expressed in the transformation of the inner and outer world, is
Answer_________
B 2. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are associated with the concept of “activity structure”.Find and specify a term not related to this concept.
Subject; goal; funds; individual; an object; result.
Answer_________________
AT 3. Match the activities given in the first column with their characteristics given in the second.
AT 4 . Write down the selected letters in the table, and then transfer the resulting sequence of letters to the answer sheet (without spaces or other symbols).
Find in the list belowbasic human needs
- Need for law
- The need for communication
- The Need for Moral Improvement
- The Need for Interaction
- The Need for Truth
- Need for more goodness
Answer______________
AT 5 . Read the text below, each sentence of which is numbered. Determine which sentences are wearing: 1) actual character; 2 ) the nature of value judgments
(A) Apparently, the time has come to start assessing the level of development and progressiveness of society by how a person becomes, in which direction he changes from year to year. (B) Civilization conquers nature, achieving a high level of scientific and technological progress, but is helpless in understanding the essence of man. (C) The rapid development of science and technology, according to many experts, is accompanied by the destruction of nature, the spread of lack of spirituality. (D) It seems that a person becomes a slave to technology, and his own meanness, begins to pray to the “yellow devil”.
Answer_____
AT 6
"AT recent decades Psychologists have made a number of remarkable discoveries. One of them is about the significance of the style of communication with the child for his _____ (1). Now it has become an indisputable truth that _____ (2) is as necessary for a child as food. A kid who receives good nutrition and good medical care, but is deprived of constant _____ (3) with an adult, develops poorly not only mentally, but also physically: he does not grow, loses weight, loses interest in life. If we continue the comparison with food, we can say that communication can be not only healthy, but also harmful. Bad food poisons the body; incorrect communication “poisons” ____ (4) of the child, endangers his emotional well-being, and subsequently, of course, his fate. The main features of a favorable style of communication in the family were determined as a result of the enormous work of humanist psychologists, theorists and practitioners. _____ (5) in education is based primarily on understanding the child - his needs and _____ (6), on knowledge of the laws of his growth and development of his personality.
Answer_____________
AT 7 . Find in the list belowhuman properties that have a social nature. Write the numbers in ascending order.
- Ability for joint transformational activity
- The desire for self-realization
- Ability to adapt to natural conditions
- Steady views of the world and an owl's place in it
- Need for water, food, rest
Answer_______
Answers:
Activity |
|
individual |
|
WABWA |
|
2122 |
|
WJBIA |
|
Option 2
A1. The "second nature", or "inorganic body", of a person is
- The world of social and artificial objects created by man.
- The world of the supernatural, mysterious and mysterious.
- The realm of the true and present, in contrast to the everyday, boring and monotonous life.
- The result of overcoming or denying the first - the natural biological nature of man.
A2 . human nature
- This is an innate biopsychic constitution common to all people.
- There is nothing but the totality of his basic needs.
- It represents the basic and unchanging qualities of a person.
- This is a combination of such qualities as reason, conscience, duty, the gift of communication.
A3 . Human needs, conditioned by society, include the need for
1) labor activity 2) preservation of the family 3) self-preservation 4) physical activity
A4 . hallmark the concept of "personality" is (are)
1) articulate speech 2) consciousness and thinking
3) the ability to take responsibility 4) the presence of physical needs
A5. Are the following statements about self-knowledge correct?
A. The ideal "I" is an idea of how others want to see me.
B. An integral part of self-knowledge is self-esteem.
A6 . The main factor in the formation of personality is
1) natural environment 2) communication with others 3) the mechanism of heredity 4) innate inclinations
A7. Personality is
- a person living in society and possessing a system of socially significant features, properties and qualities
- temperament of a person, his character
- unique psychophysiological features of a person
- totality of original human abilities
A8 . Are the following judgments about the separation of man from nature correct?
A. The separation of man from nature occurred due to the presence of consciousness and reason in him.
B. The isolation of man from nature occurred due to the presence of a certain set of instincts in him.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A9 . The concept of "individuality" captures:
- single representative of the human race
- features of a person's temperament, his character
- human labor activity
- the unique original originality of a person, implying not only his appearance, but also a set of socially significant qualities.
A10 . The guidelines for human activity are:
- values 2) drives 3) needs 4) interests.
A11 . Are the following judgments about the formation of continuity in human behavior correct?
A. The functions of innate instincts characteristic of animals are replaced by norms (rules) in humans.
B. Culture is a peculiar program of human behavior.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A12 . What attribute characterizes a person as a person?
1) active life position 2) physical and mental health
3)Belonging in mind homo sapiens 4) features of appearance
A13 . "Individuality is the unique originality of a person, a set of his unique properties." This statement is an example
1) artistic image 2) mythological knowledge
3) religious norm 4) scientific knowledge
A14. The properties and roles of a person, which he acquires only in interaction with other people, characterize him as
- individual 2) individuality 3) organism 4) personality
A15 . The common thing in the activity of inventors, writers, artists is that it is
- administrative 2) practical 3) material 4) creative
A16 . Both humans and animals have needs for
- self-realization 2) self-preservation 3) self-knowledge 4) self-education
A17 . Man, unlike animals, is capable of
- perform habitual actions 2) pre-think your behavior
3) show emotions 4) take care of offspring
A18 . Unlike animals, humans are capable of
- respond with feelings 2) develop conditioned reflexes
3) meet needs 4) predict the results of actions
A19. Human social needs include the need
- breathe 2) eat 3) sleep 4) communicate
A20. Scientific discoveries are the result of activity
- material and production 2) socio-transformative
3) practical 4) spiritual
A21. Play, learning, work act as
- criteria of truth 2) activities 3) social qualities 4) biological needs
A22 . Specify one of the signs of human activity that distinguishes it from the behavior of animals:
- manifestation of activity 2) goal setting
3) adaptation to the environment 4) interaction with the outside world
A23 . What is the name of the process in which a person comprehends the essence of his "I"?
- self-education 2) self-knowledge 3) self-preservation 4) narcissism
A24 . The result of self-knowledge, in particular, is
- accumulation of knowledge about man and nature 2) knowledge of the values of society
3) learning social norms 4) understanding your abilities
A25 . The process of self-knowledge includes the accumulation of knowledge about the features
- own appearance 2) different types of temperament
3) moral and legal norms 4) interaction between man and nature
A26 . The statement that a person is a product and subject of socio-historical activity is a characteristic of his
- social essence 2) biological nature
3) physiological characteristics 4) psychological qualities
A27 . Man is a unity of three components: biological, psychological and social. The social component includes
- knowledge and skills 2) feelings and will 3) physical development 4) age characteristics
A28 . Are the following statements about personality correct?
A. Personality is a product of biological evolution.
B. Society has the maximum influence on the individual.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A29 . Are the following judgments about the connection between activity and communication correct?
A. Communication is a side of any joint activity, since activity involves interaction.
B. Communication is a special activity based on the exchange of knowledge, ideas, and actions.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A30 . The basis of human existence is
- consumerism 2) activity 3) love 4) friendship
Part B.
IN 1 . Complete the phrase:
"At the heart of human needs are..."
Answer: ___________________________________
IN 2 . Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are associated with the concept of "human biological needs".
Reproduction of the genus; food; breath; traffic; communication; relaxation.
Answer____________________
VZ. Match the definitions given in the first column with the concepts given in the second column.
Write down the selected letters in the table, and then transfer the resulting sequence of letters to the answer sheet (without spaces or other symbols).
AT 4. Find in the list belowmanifestations reflecting the social nature of man. Write the numbers in ascending order.
- Interests
- outlook
- Makings
- Skills
- Heredity
- ideals
Answer_________
AT 5. Read the text below, each sentence of which is numbered. Determine what offers are:1) actual character; 2) the nature of value judgments
(A) More and more people in the world use mobile phones: they not only make or answer calls, but also correspond with SMS messages. (B) The habit of communicating using short, simple texts can lead to the fact that a person forgets how to talk heart to heart, delve into the intonations of the interlocutor, sympathize with him. (B) Dozens of phone users have been diagnosed with “SMS addiction” in a number of European countries. (D) Specialists of the department bad habits one of the clinics recorded that people suffering from this disease can write SMS messages for seven or more hours a day.
Answer_________
AT 6 . Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the list below the words to be inserted in place of the releases. There are more words in the list than you need.
“In labor, teaching, ____ (1) all aspects of the psyche are formed and manifest.
A special question arises as to how relatively stable mental properties are formed and consolidated. The mental properties of ____(2) - her abilities and character traits - are formed in the course of life. Congenital _____ (3) of an organism are only ____ (4) - very ambiguous, which determine, but do not predetermine the mental properties of a person. On the basis of the same inclinations, a person can develop different properties - ____ (5) and character traits, depending on the course of his life and _____ (6) not only appear, but are also formed. In work, study and labor, the abilities of people are formed and worked out; character is formed and tempered in life's deeds and deeds.
Answer_________
B 7. Find in the list belowresults learning activities . Write the numbers in ascending order.
- teachers
- Computer software
- Knowledge of the basics of science
- Visual aids
- students
- Ability to apply knowledge
- Practical skills
Answer____________
Answers on the topic "Man" option 2:
motives |
|
communication |
|
WBA |
|
1246 |
|
1211 |
|
GVAEBZ |
|
SOCIAL STUDY - INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY
1. What is ancient form awareness of the world around and the place of man in it?
A) Mythology + B) Pictography C) Philosophy D) Psychology
2. How did A. Toynbee name the civilizations that should arise on the basis of the formation of common religions?
A) Primary B) Secondary C) Tertiary + D) Quaternary
3. What estate in the Middle Ages for a long time had a monopoly on education?
A) Peasantry B) Chivalry C) Clergy + D) Aristocracy
4.What is end element society as a system?
A) Nature
Into the space
C) Relationships
D) Man +
5. What sphere of public life does public consciousness belong to?
A) Economic B) Social C) Political D) Spiritual
6. What form of government did Aristotle call "correct"?
A) Tyranny B) Monarchy + C) Ochlocracy D) Oligarchy
7. What stage of human development, according to Comte, correspond to the "positive sciences"?
A) Childhood B) Youth C) Adolescence D) Maturity +
8. What is included in a cosmogenic civilization?
A) Eastern society B) Western society
C) Eastern and Western society + D) None of the above
9. By what year did Oswald Spengler predict the decline of European culture?
A) 1900 B) 1950 C) 2000 + D) 2050
10. It is from this philosophical and religious trend that we learned that the world consists of two principles: Yin and Yang?
A) Mohism B) Taoism + C) Buddhism D) Confucianism
11. What word is translated from Latin as "civilian"?
A) State B) Civilization + C) Society D) Man
12. Which of the European thinkers of the Middle Ages wrote the book "City of the Sun" denying private property?
A) C. Fourier B) A. Saint-Simon C) T. More D) T. Campanella +
13. What, according to the theory of the social contract of Hobbes, was the initial state of society?
A) Chaos B) " cold war» C) "Peace between all" D) "War of all against all" +
14. What branch of government did Charles Montesquieu single out as special?
A) Anarchist B) Executive C) Judicial D) Legislative
15. Who put forward the idea that the means of social control are "fear of the living" and "fear of the dead"?
A) E. Bernstein B) G. Spencer C) O. Comte D) M. Weber
16. Did the social cataclysms of the 20th century lead to the emergence of this trend in philosophy?
A) Existentialism + B) Communism C) Marxism D) Imperialism
17. What are the shortcomings of progress in one particular industry?
A) It can cause regression in other industries +
C) It is the result of a previous regression
C) It is not a general indicator
D) He has no flaws
18. Religiously industrial society is oriented towards this religion?
A) Christianity + B) Islam C) Buddhism D) Zoroastrianism
19. What is the name of the transition from one qualitative state to another in social science?
A) Revolution + B) Reform C) Innovation D) Globalization
20. In which city was the conference held in 1992 that adopted a declaration on the inextricable link between development and environmental protection?
A) Asuncion B) Buenos Aires C) Rio de Janeiro + D) Quito
21. What is the name of the process of emergence and formation of society?
A) Anthropogenesis B) Sociogenesis + C) Genetics D) Ochlogenesis
22. What are the names of the instincts that provide the vital activity of the organism?
A) Intellectual B) Vital + C) Social D) Spiritual
23. Who from the listed list is the agent of primary socialization?
A) Journalist B) TV presenter C) Engineers D) Teacher +
24. Which of these scientists studied the unconscious?
A) C. Jung + B) O. Spengler C) F. Nietzsche D) F. Aquinas
25. To what type of needs does A. Maslow refer the need for self-esteem?
A) Physiological B) Prestigious C) Spiritual + D) Social
26. What is the first species that arises in the process of individual development of a person?
A) Game B) Communication + C) Teaching D) Labor
27. What is the name of the form of thought in which something is affirmed or denied through the connection of concepts?
A) Concept B) Judgment + C) Inference D) Representation
28. What is not part of rational knowledge?
A) Comparison B) Synthesis C) Generalization D) Feeling +
29. How do empiricists view the process of obtaining complete knowledge about the surrounding world?
A) Deny the possibility of obtaining true knowledge
B) Assign a decisive role to sensory cognition +
C) Consider reason as the criterion of truth
D) Recognize the possibility of knowing the world and man in it
30. What is the leading criterion of truth?
A) Complementarity B) Simulation C) Practice + D) Purpose