Attention! The site administration site is not responsible for the content methodological developments, as well as for compliance with the development of the Federal State Educational Standard.
This development is intended for students in grades 5-6.
Target: to acquaint students with the holiday - international language day, to introduce them to the study of the Russian language, its features and diversity.
Tasks:
- develop cognitive interest students in relation to the Russian language;
- to form a caring, conscious attitude towards mother tongue and other languages of the world;
- develop moral qualities personality;
- develop monologue and dialogic speech of students;
- to cultivate a patriotic attitude towards the language and their homeland.
Decor:
- Wall newspaper "Russian language is the most interesting"
- Statements about language
- Colorful cabinet design
- Music
Forms of organization extracurricular activities : group form. (Students of grades 5-6 are seated according to the numbers they received at the entrance to the office, and a division into 3 teams is obtained)
Event progress
Presenter 1: Good afternoon friends! Every year since 2000 February 21 noted. He is only 18 years old. This holiday is very important and necessary. The world would not exist without language. Just as a fish cannot live without water, so a person cannot exist without a language. With the help of language we think, convey our thoughts and feelings, show our creativity.
Lead 2: On International Mother Language Day, all languages are recognized as equal because each of them serves the individual and each represents a living heritage that we must take seriously and cherish. Let's look at the name of our event. How do you understand it? (student answers)
Presenter 1: Each nation has its own characteristics, traditions, culture and, of course, language. This is what distinguishes one nation from another. This is what makes one proud of belonging to a particular language. And the language conveys the features of the way of life of the people themselves. Therefore, many of them, even the smallest ones, try by all means and strength to protect their language, their pride.
Lead 2: Today, guys, we will plunge into the treasures of our language, see how interesting, amazing and unique the Russian language is in its composition, form, diversity.
Presenter 1: We start the event with statements about the Russian language, without which it is impossible to do: today we celebrate International Mother Language Day. On your tables are sayings about the Russian language. Your task is to prepare expressive reading sentences and explain what they mean. (Appendix)
Lead 2: It's great that we started the event with a conversation about the role of the Russian language and its importance. Do not forget about it, take care of our language, express your thoughts beautifully and deliberately.
Presenter 1: So the event continues competition "LINGUISTIC RECORDS".
Not only people, but also words have their own records, if we approach the vocabulary of the language from a quantitative point of view. We will now turn to them.
Lead 2: Each team receives interesting questions, the answers to which will require ingenuity and ingenuity.
Name a word that has three "e"s in a row. (long neck)
Name a word with seven non-consecutive "o"s. (explanatory - derivational)
Name words with six letters "e", going not in a row. (redistribution)
Find two words with four vowels following each other. (radio audience)
Find words with three soft signs. (seductiveness)
What is the longest three-syllable Russian word? (moral)
Presenter 1: The task turned out to be difficult, but surprisingly informative, and you tried to cope with it. Let's move on to the next competition. competition "PROVERBS AND SAYINGS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE".
The Russian language is immensely rich in terms of folklore with proverbs and sayings. This is the well-known to us “Measure seven times - cut once”, “Without labor you can’t even catch a fish from a pond”. You guys need to complete a proverb or saying, some of which will probably be unknown to you. Your task is to think logically and name the correct completion of the proverb.
Lead 2: Here are cards with tasks, try to cope with them.
1 team:
Behind someone else's cheek ... (tooth hurts)
I’m going - I won’t whistle, but I’ll run over ... (I won’t let go)
Not with someone else's mind ... (build a house)
Every vegetable ... (due time)
They are looking for mushrooms - by ... (roaming through the forest)
2 team:
Don't worry about the rye, just... (keep the bag)
Do the work, but don’t ... (don’t rush)
Living with a book is a century ... (do not grieve)
The truth pricks the eyes, the truth ... (ears tearing)
The puppy barks - from ... (he hears from big ones)
3 team:
May crowns spring, summer ... (meets)
The language is small, but a great man ... (turns)
Smart head ... (notice from a young age)
The dough saturates, and the place ... (enlightens)
They treat bitter, but sweet ... (maim)
Presenter 1: Well done! We also completed this task. Let's move on to the next competition. "LEXICAL WEALTH OF THE LANGUAGE - SYNONYMS".
Lead 2: What a great variety of synonyms we can pick up for the words of our language. Take the word "walk", which can be used as go, trudge, step, cross. The general meaning of the phrase will not change: only its tone of sound will change, but at the same time we master the lexical richness of our language.
Presenter 1: Guys, you need to find synonyms for the words of the first column of the table, knowing how many letters are contained in the search word.
Word |
Number of letters |
Answer |
Battle |
||
Appearance |
||
Enemy |
||
nonsense |
||
Valor |
||
selfishness |
||
Wardrobe |
locker room |
|
Intellectual |
||
Moral |
||
Antithesis |
opposition |
Host 2: Convinced that the Russian language is one of the richest languages in the world? Its wealth consists not only of synonyms, but also phraseological units. Our next contest "PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS".
Presenter 1: Give an interpretation of phraseological units, show excellent command of our language.
1 team:
Prodigal son -
Made a tit of glory -
Rest on our laurels -
Lucky planid fell out -
2 team:
And the wolves are full, and the sheep are safe -
Oda swallow does not make spring -
Cornucopia -
Filkin's diploma -
3 team:
The apple of discord
truism -
Galloping through Europe
Achilles' heel -
Lead 2: Well done! Do you know what these idioms mean? This suggests that you are interested in the development of our language, the wise sayings of people that have become stable. Enlarge your vocabulary, broaden your horizons, and then it will become more interesting and joyful to study and live.
Presenter 1: My colleague encouraged you, and now we turn to riddles. Competition "MYSTERIES". Now we will read riddles, and you name the correct answer.
- Even though they lie in the cold
But they don't tremble from the cold.
Let the winds with water be fresh
They cover the beach ... (walruses). - The tail lies in place
The head is running around. (clock hand) - Black Ivashka,
wooden shirt,
Where will it run
There lies the trace. (pencil) - Once I went to the market
And I bought a red ball there.
Not fun - easy, fast,
And heavy and fragrant. (orange) - I don't get paid
And I teach day and night. (book) - On the blackboard he writes with chalk,
He hears a hint from the back desk,
Sometimes he gets two.
So who's upsetting mom? (student) - He purifies the air
Protects nature. (ozone) - He does not like to be silent,
Might even get bored
If they keep their teeth.
Who is he, guess for yourself. (language) - A small slice for tea
He treats us at the table. (lemon) - I will visit everyone in a day,
Everything I know, I will break. (magpie) - Tell me what kind of weirdo is this?
He always wears a black coat. (penguin) - Worn by a boy
green fountain,
Became a pan -
Got a coat. (tomato)
Lead 2: All well done, remembered the riddles, plunged into childhood. Riddles also speak of the diversity of the Russian language, its origins, can be rooted in antiquity.
Presenter 1: Now let's play translators. The competition is called TRANSLATORS».
Lead 2: You know that in Russian there are many words from other languages of the world. In addition, you are learning foreign languages, so without much difficulty you can determine from which language the words came to our language.
Presenter 1: I name the words, and you determine the language of borrowing.
Roulette ( French); anatomy ( German); video clip (English + Latin); shrimp (French); radio (English); taxi (French); sweater (English); pizza (Italian); interior (French); evolution (French); chips (English); freestyle (English); toaster (English); pickup (English).
Host 2: This educational competition was interesting and entertaining for everyone, and now the last test at today's event. Before you is a drawing paper with pencils, felt-tip pens, gel pens. Draw on paper a beautiful sketch dedicated to today's topic - International Mother Language Day. Do not forget to write the name of the event, of course, portray yourself and express your attitude towards your native language.
Presenter 1: You guys made great posters. Today we took a look at your talents and made sure once again that holidays about the native language should and should be held annually.
Lead 2: We express our gratitude to everyone who came to the event, who took part in it. I would like to finish with the words of the poet P.A. Vyazemsky (which sounded at the beginning):
Language is the confession of the people,
His soul and life are dear.
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"LANGUAGE IS THE CONFESSION OF THE PEOPLE..."
Fedoryuk Lydia Vladimirovna
Municipal educational institution
"Average comprehensive school No. 31",
Komsomolsk-on-Amur
The article reveals the paramount importance of language culture in the spiritual and moral development and education of students. Acquaintance with the original cultural values of the peoples inhabiting Russia contributes to the formation of not only moral values, but also the development of the language culture of students.
Spiritual and moral development, language culture.
Spiritual and moral development and education of students are the primary task of modern educational system and represent an important component of social contracting for education. Education plays a key role in the spiritual and moral consolidation of Russian society. “The native land, its history,” wrote Academician Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev, “is the basis on which the growth of the spiritual culture of the whole society can be carried out.” A society is only capable of setting and solving large-scale national tasks when it has a common system of moral guidelines. And there are these landmarks where they keep respect for the original culture and original cultural values, for the memory of their ancestors, for every page of our national history, to the native language. As far back as the 12th century, Prince Vladimir Monomakh compiled and called the “Instructions” the first written rules of conduct, which, in particular, said: “Do not pass by a person without greeting him, but say a kind word to everyone when they meet ...”.
“Language is the soul of a people. Language is living flesh… feelings, thoughts.” These words belong to the great poet-educator, reformer of the Kazakh language Abai. And the Russian poet Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky defined the role of language in the spiritual life of the people as follows:
Language is the confession of the people,
He hears his nature
His soul and life are dear ...
Language is an integral part of the general culture of the people. Speech serves as a vivid and, as a rule, unmistakable characteristic of the cultural and spiritual level of each. Students unmistakably confirm what was said about the language with proverbs: The tongue feeds the head. Without tongue and dumb bell. Lame word - lame speech. He who speaks, he sows; who listens, he collects. The word is more than an arrow.
“The language of the people is the best, never fading and eternally re-blooming flower of its entire spiritual life… The language spiritualizes the whole people and their entire homeland; the sky of the motherland, its air, its fields, mountains and valleys is transformed by the creative power of the people's spirit into a thought, a picture and a sound in it... But in the bright, transparent depths of the people's language, not only the nature of the native country is reflected, but the whole history of the spiritual life of the people ”, - these words belong to Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky. Let's read the statement of Erasmus of Rotterdam, Renaissance humanist, theologian, Dutch writer: "Language is the best mediator for establishing friendship and harmony." And here are the words of the great Leo Tolstoy: “The word is a great thing. Great, because with a word you can unite people, with a word you can separate them ... Beware of such a word that separates people. “What do you think all these sayings of great people have in common? To what irrefutable conclusion does the wisdom accumulated over the centuries by the best minds of mankind lead us? I ask these questions to my students. All answers come down to one thing: at all times, the language was considered the most important spiritual treasure of any nation.
The nature of the country and the history of the people, reflected in the human soul, were expressed in the word. Man disappeared, but the word he created remained an immortal and inexhaustible treasury of the national language...
Language is both old and forever new!
Words can prevent death
Words can bring the dead back to life...
Language is the liveliest, most abundant and lasting link that unites the obsolete, living and future generations of the people into one great, historical, living whole. Working on proverbs and sayings, I offer the 6th grade the following task: draw a portrait of the people, but not with paints, but with proverbs, i.e. indicate which qualities are valued by the people, which ones are condemned. Introducing Kazakh proverbs to classmates: a diamond blade is a comrade in war, a kind word in war and a comrade at a feast; kindness comes from the heart, meanness from strength; at the table, poverty will redeem the souls of generosity - students celebrate the kindness, nobility, spiritual generosity of the Kazakh people. Azerbaijanis teach to be hospitable, to be kind to children, to have spiritual purity: a house without a guest is a mill without water; the desire of the child is stronger than the order of the padishah; all the troubles of a man from his tongue; a friend looks at the face, and the enemy at the feet. Ingush and Kyrgyz proverbs call for respect for elders: a house in which there are old people is a rich house; If you honor your father and mother, you will recognize honor from your son. Tatar people talk about the importance of patience and kindness: the bottom of patience is pure gold; gem does not roll on the ground; if there is a soul, there is also hope. Each nation speaks its own language, but wisdom is one - we come to this conclusion at the end of the conversation.
Active classes in the 5th grade: “Words of the Heart”, “Honest Words”, “We are Friends with Kind Words”, “Give a Deed and a Kind Word”, “We Know How to Communicate” - made it possible to talk about the tradition of a kind word. The students talked about how many kind words, bequeathed to us by our ancestors, are able to heal and reconcile, console and warm, instruct and save. The children with great pride named the words that their parents tell them, noting their significance - they give a person confidence and calm their conscience. The word in everyday life has its own rules. Our contemporary, a Moscow priest Father Artemy Vladimirov, very accurately wrote about them in the book “The Textbook of Life”.
“Rule one: think about what you say. In other words, weigh in your mind the word that is on the tip of your tongue. Think carefully, and then just speak. And sometimes you won't regret it.
Rule two: don't say what you don't mean. Don't lie, don't lie. It is better to be silent than to tell a lie.
Rule three: don't say everything you think. This rule advises to correctly assess the interlocutor and his mental disposition. Will he benefit from what you intend to say? Does he need to hear your opinion on this matter? Will you betray someone else's secret with your careless word? In a word, do not say everything that you think.
When studying the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in the 8th grade, students successfully explored the poet's spiritual sources of inspiration, and also managed to prove with examples from the works of the great poet that Alexander Sergeevich spoke Russian as a unique tool. The heritage of the Genius teaches schoolchildren correct Russian speech (both oral and written), contributes to the manifestation of its vivid expressiveness, replenishes vocabulary, making the student more confident when communicating with adults, instills a taste for good correct speech, because a person’s speech culture is a mirror of his spiritual life.
"Take care of our language! Our beautiful Russian language!.. It is impossible to believe that such a language was not given to a great people! ”- this is the testament of a brilliant expert on the Russian language, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. The writer seemed to have foreseen our time, when the issue of preserving the Russian language is becoming so large-scale. The younger generation has difficulty accepting the works of the classics of Russian literature, blurring the line between Akunin and Chekhov, Dontsova and Pushkin. That is why writers and poets, publicists and linguists in their works not only call for purity of speech, but also give practical advice to their readers. Grade 10 students share their reflections on how S.Ya. Marshak in the article “Thoughts about words” says that it is necessary to protect the language from clogging, remember that the words we use now will serve many centuries after us to express more ideas and thoughts unknown to us, to create new poetic creations that are not amenable to our foresight. The famous "Letters to Youth" by Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev deserve special admiration. Tenth graders share their experiences. With deep pain, a Russian literary critic speaks about the Russian language, noting that people do not monitor the purity of their speech, clog it with unnecessary words. And the language, according to the academician, unites the people, the nation. “... You need to learn to speak and write all the time. Language is the most expressive thing that a person has, and if he stops paying attention to his language, and begins to think that he has already mastered it sufficiently, he will retreat. One must constantly monitor one's language - oral and written. Thus, our language is the most important part not only of our behavior, but also of our personality, our soul and mind.
“Once a certain noble person visited the monastery and found that its inhabitants live very poorly, denying themselves even the necessities. The distinguished visitor spoke about this with regret in a conversation with the abbess and offered a large donation to improve the material life of the sisters. But the abbess objected:
The sisters of this monastery, thank God, do not need your treasures, since each of them has enough of their own treasures.
Where are these treasures?
These treasures they keep in their hearts.
The visitor thought for a moment and then asked:
What is the most valuable treasure that the sisters of your monastery have?
The abbess answered, also thinking:
Every person's most precious treasure is the gift of words. It is the imprint of divinity; this is a sign that one who has this gift is not an earthly, but a heavenly being.
But I noticed that the nuns make very little use of this gift.
Yes, - continued Elizabeth, - because it is a treasure. Tell me, what would happen to your wealth if you began to indiscriminately and thoughtlessly scatter it right and left? What would become of your expensive dress, which you would carelessly and casually put on in all kinds of work and in all kinds of weather? So is the gift of the word. If we use it carelessly and unwisely, then it will soon lose its meaning and all meaning. On the contrary, when each pearl is taken out of the treasury with due attention and care, and when these pearls, these beads are distributed to the needy with proper discretion, then this treasure is of great importance and is never depleted.
—Nowicka Daniella
Tallinn Mustamäe Real Gymnasium, Grade 11, Estonia
Essay on the topic "Language is the confession of the people: It hears its nature, its soul and life native..."
Diploma of the 1st degree
What is the native language of the people? It is difficult to answer this question more precisely, more meaningfully than the daring to do this by the famous Russian critic, historian and poet P.A. Vyazemsky. Like a confession - a story about the most intimate - the language tells everything about the people who created it. Undoubtedly, the language of each nation is unique and beautiful in its own way. But how beautiful and expressive the Russian language is! It is in it, as in a precious box, that the foundations of the worldview and worldview of a Russian person, his aspirations, joys and sorrows are hidden. How often amazingly beautiful words “hello”, “thank you” sound. Do we know their deep meaning? I confess that I only recently discovered it for myself: hello - be healthy; thank you - respecting you, ready for a good deed in return (thank you!); thank you - God bless you for a good deed. And if the speech of one person is an expression of his soul, then the language of the people is a way of expressing national self-consciousness.
Yes, language, like a thin invisible thread, links the past and the present, links the generations that lived, are living and future. Each word is a “living witness of history”, which carries a reminder of a certain period of time, but it is also a message to posterity, in which the most intimate is concentrated - the centuries-old spiritual experience of the people. And here I cannot but recall the significance of Russian literature for us... It is precisely this that is the unique value of the people, since it combines the sacred power of the word and spirituality. For me, acquaintance with the work of F.M. Dostoevsky was truly a revelation ... How often, when analyzing the novel "Crime and Punishment", we used the expressions in the lessons: "to live according to conscience", "to be guided by conscience." And only then came to me a true understanding of these words: it means “to live by the conscience” given by God, that is, according to the ten commandments.
Language is not only the history of the people, but also their feelings, faith, nature and way of life. After all, the immediate existence of the Russian people is a river and a forest, a steppe and a field. Listen to how much space and breadth in each of these words! Thus, the immeasurable breadth of the Russian character is affirmed in the language, corresponding to the immensity of the Russian vast expanses:
Oh you, wide steppe,
The steppe is wide,
You are wide, mother,
Stretched out.
A Russian person in a folk song, with the help of an amazing figurative language, personifies the world of nature, projects his emotional experiences onto it, affirming the fusion of man with nature. We comprehend this personification of nature with some special heart-wrenching sadness in The Thin Rowan:
What are you standing, swinging,
thin rowan,
bowing head
To the very tyn?
The richness of the Russian language is not at all in the number of words, it is in figurativeness, expressiveness, and perfecting power. The Russian language, like any other native language, unites people. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the native language for a person. “... A person deprived from the first years of his life of the opportunity to develop his strength with the language of his homeland, among strangers, accepts their language as if it were his own: so an orphan, brought up in a strange family, becomes natural to it and with a kindred feeling ... By studying the native language<…>the development of the spiritual forces of a person begins and is supported,” wrote I.I. Sreznevsky. Mother tongue is part of the human soul. And it is in the power of everyone to look into this interesting world, the world of the native Russian language, to study it, comprehending amazing secrets, and try to pass it on to others. Each native speaker contributes to his life and development, to the significance and beauty. This is what the language consists of - from the languages of individual people, united by it, the Language of the people, "... in which its nature, its soul and life are heard ...".
"Language is the confession of the people, His soul and way of life." P. A. Vyazemsky
The richness of the Russian language is difficult to overestimate. This is incredible, but more and more often in scientific circles there are statements that the world's first alphabet appeared in Russia. Researchers provide convincing arguments and archaeological finds in favor of their theory. What was the ancient alphabet of our ancestors and why did the rulers gradually introduce new language reforms? Let's figure it out together.
In the history that is now taught at school, the life of our ancestors, their culture, values, and writing are rather poorly described. Basically, only a few paragraphs of the book are devoted to information that on the territory ancient Russia scattered tribes of hunters, gatherers, and even savages lived. Therefore, it is generally accepted that writing among the Slavs appeared during the formation of Christianity thanks to the work of Cyril and Methodius.
However, the finds of archaeologists shed light on a history dusted for centuries and help to see the reasons for the distortion of information about the Slavs. It is assumed that the Slavs have been using writing since at least 500 AD, and most likely even earlier. In ancient times, our ancestors used pictographic writing, which gradually transformed into the Glagolitic alphabet, then into the initial letter, which the monks Cyril and Methodius had already altered for the sake of the church. This was the beginning of reforms to simplify the Slavic language, its primitivization and loss of figurativeness.
Letter uniqueness.
The Old Slavic alphabet is truly unique among all known in this moment ways of alphabetic writing, besides, it fully possesses such a feature as acrophony. Acrophony - the formation of new words from the initial letters of the words of phrases, when these new words are read not by the alphabetic names of the letters, but by their sounds. For example, a phrase familiar to everyone is constructed in an acrophonic way: "Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting." But back to the initial letter, which consisted of 49 letters. In this ancient alphabet, each letter corresponds to a certain word and image, and to some also a number. The letters are squared seven by seven, which is also very symbolic, if we recall the sacred meaning of the seven among all ancient peoples. Thus, the Old Slavonic alphabet is a coded message.
"Mom washed the frame" or the difference between the moral guidelines of ancient and modern people.
The first letter in the ancient alphabet - A, sounds like Az, which means the source, the beginning, that is, from which everything came. Az was also used as a pronoun "I". B - Gods, meant the highest structure of the pantheon of the gods of the Slavs: Svarog, Lada, Rozhana, Makosh, etc. D - good ... Agree, our ancestors attributed quite unusual words-images to a certain letter. The sequence itself: Az, Gods, Lead, Verbs, Good, etc., speaks of the high moral values of the Slavs, of their life guidelines. Given the current situation in society, the reason for the constant language reforms becomes clear. After all, with the loss of spiritual heritage, degradation of society occurs. And such a society is already becoming much easier to manage. There is reason to think, right? The Slavic letter Om, reminiscent of the English W, is also interesting. Many believe that the birthplace of this sound is the east. It turns out not! Our scientists have established that the Slavic language is one of the proto-languages that has spread throughout the world. And the letter Om (W) denoted among the Slavs the original sound uttered by God.
The message of the ancient Slavs to their descendants.
But back to the message. Some letters also had a numerical value. On the alphabet plate, you can see a certain digital sequence: 1-9, 10-90, 100-900. Thus, if you form a plate with numbers from smallest to largest, you get three columns of nine rows. Here you have the Far Far Away kingdom in the Far Far Away state. Further, if we replace each letter with the corresponding word and adapt it to modern Russian, we get the following message:
"I am true speech
know the essence of the word
I say people firmly:
good thinking call
is our importance.
Very harmonious spirit
The earth is the soul
and rest limit
Merging is a great goal."
And now the question arises: “What kind of savages, hunters and gatherers could do such a thing?” If you take the letters with their semantic meaning horizontally, then you also get a message. Vertically and diagonally - the same. It becomes obvious that our ancient ancestors knew much more about the meaning of life than modern man. They understood that a person is temporary and that the purpose of his stay on earth is not banal: "to build a house, plant a tree and give birth to offspring."
“Language is the age-old work of an entire generation.” V. I. Dal
But that's not all. Russian physicists also showed interest in the ancient alphabet and found that each letter has its own vibration. Now many books have been written about this, dozens of films have been shot. It is amazing that in just a millennium, our alphabet has undergone dramatic changes. 17 letters were withdrawn, the original meanings and images of the letters were removed or replaced. Thus, the ancestral roots, origins, culture, and most importantly, the spiritual wisdom of the ancestors were deliberately destroyed.
“Well, what did you want,” Sensei shrugged his shoulders. - History for the masses, unfortunately, in most of its “facts” is stuffed in the kitchen of world politics and served by these “cooks” on a dish with embellishments, so to speak, in the form of “generally accepted world concepts”, - excerpt from the book .
But the ancient Slavs did not attack anyone, did not conquer foreign lands. They lived peacefully and wisely, and were a kind people, in whose culture there was no division of time into past, present and future. They lived here and now, and ahead of them was waiting for eternity. In the epics and legends of our people, even the gods are real people. People who have reached certain spiritual heights and help their people, and not deceiving and frightening, as in myths Ancient Greece and others. Perhaps that is why our Russian soul to this day frightens the "powerful of this world" with its unpredictability ...
In our time, the issue of uniting peoples on the basis of friendship and mutual assistance is acute. And who, if not the Slavs, guided by the message of their ancestors, are able to become an example for the world community! Although history has divided us into different states, our peoples are still united in spirit, because, in fact, we are all branches of the same tree, so we have common roots.
And literature
Teikovo, 2013
"Language is the confession of the people..."
Language is the confession of the people,
He hears his nature
His soul and life are dear ...
P. Vyazemsky
Our world is full of wonders. Isn't it a miracle that we can talk to people who are far away from us, for example, on space station? Or watch live broadcasts of concerts of your favorite singers that take place hundreds of thousands of kilometers away from us? Is it just a miracle? Among various wonders and temptations modern world we forgot about one more - the most amazing - our native language ...
What does language mean for a person? This is an amazing, unique phenomenon! Mother tongue is the whole world words, which reveals the surrounding life in all its diversity.
"Language is the confession of the people..." Let's think, why confession? There was a word "vedati" in the Old Russian language, and it meant - "to know, to have." From him came the word to tell - "to tell." And here is a confession for you - "a frank story about everything that exists, including the most secret." I think that it was in this sense that Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky, the famous Russian poet of the 19th century, used this word. Language reveals its secrets to us, reflects everything that was in the fate of the people who created it. “The people reflect themselves most fully in their language. A nation and a language cannot be represented without the other," said another. a famous person 19th century, historian and philologist Izmail Ivanovich Sreznevsky. Perhaps we will see these truths for ourselves ...
Everyone knows that language is the most important means of communication. But in order to become this indispensable means of communication, the language must have a certain set of qualities. First of all, everyone who speaks the language must know the language. There is an agreement among people that they call the house a house, and the sky - the sky.
But it happens that not all words are known to speakers of a given language. They are used only in certain areas. These are dialect words. In appropriate quantities, they give color to speech and do not interfere with perception. I believe that dialect words are a miracle, a pantry of a language, its memory...
Visiting my grandmother's niece, participant of the Great Patriotic War, Evdokia Ivanovna Semyonova, I spent the first holidays in my life. The village of Studenets, which many of my friends and classmates have never heard of, stands on the banks of the ancient Nerl River. There were several houses in this village, almost only old people lived in them. In the evenings they gathered at someone's house for a samovar, sang songs and had conversations.
I have never seen such samovars - huge, pot-bellied, polished to a shine by the caring hands of Evdokia Ivanovna, it reflected my face with distortions, which aroused my genuine interest. And everything was interesting, especially conversations and songs. That summer, I heard many amazing words unfamiliar to me and, perhaps, for the first time in my life, I felt my inseparable connection with my homeland, the land of my ancestors.
To make it more convenient to talk about my little discoveries in the field of my native language and not only, I propose to make a short trip to village life.
There is a word, I think, known to many - five-wall. “He has a big house - a five-wall!” - I heard and became interested: four walls are visible, but where is the fifth? Then the old people explained to me that this wall was chopped, located in the middle of the house and you can’t see it from the outside, that usually there are five windows on the facade of such a house. I began to look closely at the village houses and saw that they are all different, although they are similar to each other.
And the Russian stove! Around her, the life of a peasant family went on as usual. The stove heated, fed, treated, served as a place to rest. And how many words related to her I learned then ... Here, for example, hog(stove wall) sixth(a platform in front of the mouth of the stove, a pot of dough was placed here, and then baked bread), stove(a small depression in the oven, mittens and socks were dried there in winter), grip(a tool in the form of a stalk for removing pots from the stove). And once my attention was attracted by a round hole in the stove, closed with a lid. Explained to me what it's called samovar, and serves to prevent the samovar from being taken out of the house in winter, it was connected to the stove through an L-shaped pipe.
In Studenets I heard the word for the first time "whorl" and then I saw the object itself. This is such a hand mixer or something, as they would call it now. The whorl is placed vertically and quickly rotated between the palms. A whorl was made from a piece of a dry pine trunk with divergent branches (they are located in a whorl - on the same level). In ancient times, a good housewife had up to 5 whorls: a large one for bread dough, a smaller one for stiff white dough or mashed potatoes, and even less for batter. And the smallest one with seven sprigs was only used for whipping egg whites, and was not used for anything else. There is a saying: "Farewell, kvass and whorl - the old devil went on a spree" ...
Many such words have gone out of active use due to the fact that there are few such houses and such stoves left, the way of life of people has changed, now many natural gas, electric samovars, mixers, multicookers. And the words of these ancients are a pity, they are beautiful, truly Russian, they smell of something old, native ...
I heard a word tub, it was clear that this was a bucket, but since they use a different word, it means that the bucket is unusual ... And for sure, my guess was correct, there is a subtlety here - this is a wide, low wooden bucket, they get water from the well.
“I’m going to fetch water,” I said once. And Evdokia Ivanovna and my grandmother almost unanimously: “If you go for water, you won’t come back! Walk on the water - that's how it should be said. Indeed, in the word water one can hear that it “leads” somewhere, that is, it serves as a path, a road that it was for our ancestors, because then they moved mainly along rivers.
And with the word bridge it turned out to be a funny incident! about some man of a violent temper: “He was so characteristic, he was offended, he left and slept all night on the bridge!” "Blimey! - I thought, - how did his cars not run over? And then I found out that the bridge in this area is called the cold corridor in the house, the canopy.
How many new words I learned that summer from the field of cooking!
I still remember delicious rhubarb pies fresh water baked by our skilful hostess. The taste of the filling was reminiscent of sweet and sour apples, but more tender and a hundred times tastier.
Early in the morning, I wake up from the melodious tinkling of dishes in the kitchen (grandmother and Evdokia Ivanovna got up early) and the unusually subtle smell of dough and village cottage cheese ... They call me for breakfast: “Drink milk with kuzhenki.” Oh, the day begins with a new word, what kind of culinary masterpiece is this, kushenka!? I look at the table and see: these are cheesecakes. It's a little annoying that the word was guessed so easily, but the taste of these little cousins left no trace of this disappointment.
I, who hated cabbage in all forms, ate cabbage soup on both cheeks. Still, she herself cut off a head of early cabbage in the garden, which, however, the locals called maggot. And from the top leaves of cabbage in the fall, many cook schanitsa, that is, a preparation for winter cabbage soup, which are then boiled with meat, or rather, languish in the bowels of a Russian stove in a cast iron.
Chatterbox here they call an egg without a germ, not a talkative person ...
gonobobel- a word that is quite common in our area, but it is not known to residents of other areas. “Gonobobel pies are good,” my grandmother used to say. This mysterious berry turned out to be an ordinary blueberry, but the pies with it are really unusual ...
prikutka- Another rather transparent word in which its meaning is clearly heard. A small shed attached to solid outbuildings, used to store a small amount of firewood and household equipment.
The little fire we built one evening to bake potatoes, Grandmother called hothouse. And this word blew such warmth and tenderness, a light haze, which even now takes away to distant childhood.
Many natural phenomena also had their own names. Here are just a few of them.
Bucket- clear, calm, dry weather. “After a thunderstorm, a bucket away,” my grandmother used to say.
Furious- The weather is getting better. But there is a village Yaryshevo in these parts! So that's what its name means, it means that from the side where this village is located and good weather came, in that side a bucket was walking around and starting.
Blizzard-poderukha- so often characterized by my grandmother inclement winter weather. I remember this word, it is somehow accurate, well-aimed. I hear him, and images of Pushkin's "Demons" rise before my eyes, a chill runs through my body ...
frost and drizzle- these words were distinguished by the locals. Izmoro h b - this is such a frost-like snowball, and frost With b - very fine and cold autumn rain.
There were many words to characterize a person, his condition and actions. Worthwhile- correct, sensible, business man. rogue- a rogue, a sneaky person. Obatur- a stubborn, rude, stubborn and secretive person. Balakhryst- lazy person. Kulyoma- a reluctant person. Prosecutor's Office- a prankster. Bololo- a talkative, optional person, a deceiver. Recaptured- tired. Subsection- took care, tried. Bulgachit- excite, excite, disturb. Schlöndet- goes around doing nothing.
Dialect words serve as an addition to the main vocabulary of the language, to well-known words. This is a kind of local “seasoning” for common vocabulary. However, at present, under the influence of the media, young people forget local words and are embarrassed to use them in their speech. Is it good or bad? If dialect words, figurativeness, stylistic coloring disappear from our speech, and our speech becomes the same everywhere? In my opinion, in return we will get a refined, standard and tasteless language ...
200 years ago, he sadly wrote:
Treasures of the native word
Important minds will notice -
For someone else's babble
We neglected madly.
We love the Muses of other people's toys,
Alien dialects rattles,
We don't read our own books...
When I suddenly hear one of those words that I was talking about, I involuntarily shudder, because they are like greetings from that already distant time ... I remember the village, our songs and conversations. I did not sing such songs with anyone else, I did not sit at the samovar. And I haven’t seen huts like those in that village anywhere - with lace trim on the windows ... My grandmother, Maria Vasilievna Petrova, is not in the world, her niece, Evdokia Ivanovna Semyonova, is not there, but I consider it my pleasant duty to thank them for being , albeit involuntarily, aroused in me an interest in my native language, a living word, brought up in me reverence and respect for well-aimed folk words. For some, these words will seem nothing more than funny, but for me they are my home, my land ... Therefore, I say them without a smile, deliberately and, I hope, to the point.
“The Russian people express themselves strongly ... Pronounced aptly, it’s the same as writing, it is not cut down with an ax. And where everything that came out of the hinterland of Russia is apt… ”These words of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol very accurately notice the peculiarity of the everyday speech of the people. Whatever the word, the pearl!