The Great Patriotic War began on June 22, 1941 - the day when the Nazi invaders and their allies invaded the territory of the USSR. It lasted four years and became the final stage of the Second World War. In total, about 34,000,000 Soviet soldiers took part in it, more than half of which died.

Causes of the Great Patriotic War

The main reason for the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War was the desire of Adolf Hitler to lead Germany to world domination by capturing other countries and establishing a racially pure state. Therefore, on September 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland, then Czechoslovakia, initiating World War II and conquering more and more territories. The successes and victories of Nazi Germany forced Hitler to violate the non-aggression pact concluded on August 23, 1939 between Germany and the USSR. He developed a special operation called "Barbarossa", which meant the capture of the Soviet Union in a short time. Thus began the Great Patriotic War. It went through three stages.

Stages of the Great Patriotic War

Stage 1: June 22, 1941 - November 18, 1942

The Germans captured Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Estonia, Belarus and Moldova. The troops moved inland to capture Leningrad, Rostov-on-Don and Novgorod, but the main goal of the Nazis was Moscow. At this time, the USSR suffered heavy losses, thousands of people were taken prisoner. On September 8, 1941, the military blockade of Leningrad began, which lasted 872 days. As a result, the Soviet troops were able to stop the German offensive. The Barbarossa plan failed.

Stage 2: 1942-1943

During this period, the USSR continued to build up its military power, industry and defense grew. Thanks to the incredible efforts of the Soviet troops, the front line was pushed back - to the west. The central event of this period was the greatest Battle of Stalingrad in history (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943). The goal of the Germans was to capture Stalingrad, the big bend of the Don and the Volgodonsk isthmus. During the battle, more than 50 armies, corps and divisions of enemies were destroyed, about 2 thousand tanks, 3 thousand aircraft and 70 thousand vehicles were destroyed, German aviation was significantly weakened. The victory of the USSR in this battle had a significant impact on the course of further military events.

Stage 3: 1943-1945

From defense, the Red Army gradually goes over to the offensive, moving towards Berlin. Several campaigns aimed at destroying the enemy were implemented. A guerrilla war breaks out, during which 6200 partisan detachments are formed, trying to fight the enemy on their own. The partisans used all means at hand, down to clubs and boiling water, set up ambushes and traps. At this time, there are battles for the Right-Bank Ukraine, Berlin. The Belarusian, Baltic, and Budapest operations were developed and put into action. As a result, on May 8, 1945, Germany officially recognized defeat.

Thus, the victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War was actually the end of the Second World War. The defeat of the German army put an end to Hitler's desire to gain dominance over the world, universal slavery. However, the victory in the war came at a heavy price. Millions of people died in the struggle for the Motherland, cities, villages and villages were destroyed. All the last funds went to the front, so people lived in poverty and hunger. Every year on May 9, we celebrate the day of the Great Victory over fascism, we are proud of our soldiers for giving life to future generations, providing a brighter future. At the same time, the victory was able to consolidate the influence of the USSR on the world stage and turn it into a superpower.

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The Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) is the most terrible and bloody war in the entire history of the USSR. This war was between two powers, the mighty power of the USSR and Germany. In a fierce battle, for five years, the USSR nevertheless won worthy of its opponent. Germany, when attacking the union, hoped to quickly capture the whole country, but they did not expect how powerful and selenium the Slavic people were. What did this war lead to? To begin with, we will analyze a number of reasons, because of what it all started?

After the First World War, Germany was greatly weakened, a severe crisis overcame the country. But at this time, Hitler came to power and introduced a large number of reforms and changes, thanks to which the country began to prosper, and people showed their trust in him. When he became the ruler, he pursued such a policy in which he informed the people that the nation of Germans was the most excellent in the world. Hitler was ignited by the idea of ​​​​revenging for the First World War, for that terrible lose, he had the idea to subjugate the whole world. He began with the Czech Republic and Poland, which later grew into the Second World War

We all remember very well from history books that until 1941 a non-aggression treaty was signed between the two countries of Germany and the USSR. But Hitler still attacked. The Germans developed a plan called "Barbarossa". It clearly stated that Germany should capture the USSR in 2 months. He believed that if he had at his disposal all the strength and power of the country, then he would be able to go to war with the United States with fearlessness.

The war began so quickly, the USSR was not ready, but Hitler did not get what he wanted and expected. Our army put up a lot of resistance, the Germans did not expect to see such a strong opponent in front of them. And the war dragged on for a long 5 years.

Now we will analyze the main periods during the entire war.

The initial stage of the war is June 22, 1941 to November 18, 1942. During this time, the Germans captured most of the country, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus also got here. Further, the Germans already had Moscow and Leningrad in front of their eyes. And they almost succeeded, but the Russian soldiers turned out to be stronger than them and did not allow this city to be captured.

Unfortunately, they captured Leningrad, but what is most surprising, the people living there did not let the invaders into the city itself. There were battles for these cities until the end of 1942.

The end of 1943, the beginning of 1943, was very difficult for the German troops and at the same time happy for the Russians. The Soviet army launched a counteroffensive, the Russians began to slowly but surely retake their territory, and the invaders and their allies slowly retreated to the west. Some of the allies were destroyed on the spot.

Everyone remembers very well how the entire industry of the Soviet Union switched to the production of military supplies, thanks to which they were able to repulse the enemies. The retreating army turned into attackers.

The final. 1943 to 1945 The Soviet soldiers gathered all their strength and began to recapture their territory at a fast pace. All forces were directed towards the invaders, namely to Berlin. At this time, Leningrad was liberated, and other previously captured countries were recaptured. The Russians resolutely marched on Germany.

The last stage (1943-1945). At this time, the USSR began to take away its lands bit by bit and move towards the invaders. Russian soldiers retook Leningrad and other cities, then they proceeded to the very heart of Germany - Berlin.

On May 8, 1945, the USSR entered Berlin, the Germans announced their surrender. Their ruler could not stand it and independently left for the next world.

And now the worst part of the war. How many people died so that we would now live in the world and enjoy every day.

In fact, history is silent about these terrible figures. The USSR concealed for a long time, then the number of people. The government hid data from the people. And people then understood how many died, how many were taken prisoner, and how many missing people to this day. But after a while, the data nevertheless surfaced. According to official sources, up to 10 million soldiers died in this war, and about 3 million more were in German captivity. These are terrible numbers. And how many children, old people, women died. The Germans mercilessly shot everyone.

It was a terrible war, unfortunately it brought a lot of tears to families, there was devastation in the country for a long time, but slowly the USSR got on its feet, post-war actions subsided, but did not subside in the hearts of people. In the hearts of mothers who did not wait for their sons from the front. Wives who were left widows with children. But what a strong Slavic people, even after such a war, he rose from his knees. Then the whole world knew how strong the state was and how strong in spirit people lived there.

Thanks to the veterans who protected us when they were very young. Unfortunately, at the moment there are only a few of them left, but we will never forget their feat.

Report on the Great Patriotic War

June 22, 1941 at 4 o'clock in the morning, Germany attacked the USSR without declaring war. Such an unexpected event briefly put the Soviet troops out of action. The Soviet army adequately met the enemy, although the enemy was very strong and had an advantage over the Red Army. Germany had a lot of weapons, tanks, planes, when the Soviet army was just moving from cavalry protection to armory.

The USSR was not ready for such a large-scale war, many of the commanders at that moment were inexperienced and young. Of the five marshals, three were shot and recognized as enemies of the people. Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was in power during the Great Patriotic War and did everything possible for the victory of the Soviet troops.

The war was cruel and bloody, the whole country stood up to defend the Motherland. Everyone could join the ranks of the Soviet army, the youth created partisan detachments and tried to help in every possible way. All men and women fought for the defense of their native land.

900 days lasted the struggle for Leningrad residents, who were in the blockade. Many soldiers were killed and taken prisoner. The Nazis created concentration camps, where they mocked and starved people. The fascist troops expected that the war would end within 2-3 months, but the patriotism of the Russian people turned out to be stronger, and the war dragged on for a long 4 years.

In August 1942, the Battle of Stalingrad began, lasting six months. The Soviet army won and captured more than 330,000 Nazis. The Nazis could not come to terms with their defeat and launched an attack on Kursk. 1200 vehicles took part in the Battle of Kursk - it was a massive battle of tanks.

In 1944, the troops of the Red Army were able to liberate Ukraine, the Baltic states, and Moldova. Also, Soviet troops received support from Siberia, the Urals and the Caucasus and were able to drive enemy troops away from their native lands. Many times the Nazis wanted to lure the troops of the Soviet army into a trap by cunning, but they did not succeed. Thanks to the competent Soviet command, the plans of the Nazis were destroyed and then they set in motion heavy artillery. The Nazis launched heavy tanks such as the "Tiger" and "Panther" into battle, but despite this, the Red Army gave a worthy rebuff.

At the very beginning of 1945, the Soviet army broke into Germany and forced the Nazis to admit defeat. From May 8 to May 9, 1945, the Act of surrender of the forces of Nazi Germany was signed. Officially, May 9 is considered Victory Day, and is celebrated to this day.

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Timeline of military and political events in 1941

January 20 - Franklin D. Roosevelt was sworn in and became President of the United States for the third time.

February 10 - The British halt their North African advance at El Agheila.

February 11 - German troops led by Rommel landed in North Africa in Tripoli.

February 19 - German night bombardment of the city of Swansea in Wales. The city center was completely destroyed.

March 11 - US President Roosevelt signed the Lend-Lease Act, which allowed the supply of American military goods to the allies in the anti-Hitler coalition.

March 25 - Yugoslavia joined the Berlin (Anti-Comintern) Pact.

March 27 - Coup in Yugoslavia, Prince Regent Pavel fled the country, diplomats who signed the Berlin Pact on joining Yugoslavia to it were arrested. Yugoslavia, without formally terminating the agreement with Germany, was inclined to cooperate with the Western allies.

March 27 - Hitler gives the order to prepare an offensive against Yugoslavia and Greece.

March 29 - Naval battle at Cape Matapan (Greece). The British and Australian fleets defeated the main body of the Italian fleet.

March 31 - The German African Corps launched an offensive against Tobruk (North Africa).

April 1 - An anti-British coup is carried out in Baghdad by a group of Iraqi officers led by General Rashid Ali al-Gaylani.

April 3 - A new cabinet of "national defense" is formed in Iraq, headed by General Rashid Ali al-Gaylani.

April 5 - The Soviet Union and Yugoslavia signed a treaty of friendship and non-aggression.

April 6 - Germany declares war on Yugoslavia. Commencement of hostilities by Germany and its satellites against Yugoslavia and Greece (Operation Marita).

April 6 - British troops captured Massawa on the Red Sea and completed the capture of the Italian colony of Eritrea.

April 10 - Soviet troops on the western border are put on alert.

April 13 - The signing of the Soviet-Japanese non-aggression pact in Moscow, which provided for "peaceful and friendly relations between the two countries." (April 5, 1945, the pact was unilaterally denounced by the USSR).

April 18 - Prime Minister of Greece A. Korizis committed suicide due to the advance of German troops to Athens.

April 21 - Greece surrenders. British troops and part of the Greek army are evacuated to the island of Crete.

May 6 - JV Stalin, General Secretary of the All-Union Communist Party, becomes Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (SNK).

May 9 - The British captured the German submarine U-110 with the Enigma cipher machine. Then the British could decipher secret German messages for a long time.

May 10 - Rudolf Hess, A. Hitler's deputy for the party, secretly flew to Scotland in a fighter.

May 12 - Konrad Zuse presents the world's first programmable computer in Berlin Z3.

May 15 - The German "Junkers-52" invaded Soviet airspace and, bypassing all air defense posts and flying along the route Bialystok - Minsk - Smolensk - Moscow, landed at the Central Airfield near the Dynamo stadium.

May 20 - The landing of a large German airborne assault on Crete. The beginning of the battle for Crete.

May 24 - The German battleship Bismarck sank the British battlecruiser Hood in the Denmark Strait. Of the crew of 1,417 people, only three survived.

May 27 - The German battleship Bismarck is discovered and sunk by the British fleet 300 miles west of the French port of Brest. After the sinking of the Bismarck, Germany ceased operations of its surface fleet in the Atlantic and used only submarines.

June 13 - TASS issued a statement refuting rumors about the deterioration of Soviet-German relations.

June 8 - The beginning of the offensive of British troops in the French mandated territories of Syria and Lebanon.

June 22 - The attack of Nazi Germany and its satellites on the USSR. Beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

June 22 - At 12.00 on the radio with a speech about the beginning of the war, the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR V. M. Molotov.

June 25 - Finland declared war on the USSR after a massive Soviet air strike on Finnish targets.

June 28 - Minsk is captured by German troops. In the area of ​​Bialystok and Minsk, a large grouping of troops of the Western Front of the Red Army (Bialystok-Minsk battle) was surrounded.

June 28 - A major tank battle ended in the Lutsk-Dubno-Brody region. Five mechanized corps of the Red Army, having briefly detained the German tank troops, suffered heavy losses.

July 3 - For the first time in the years of his reign, JV Stalin addresses the people by radio.

July 4 - Massacre of the inhabitants of Lvov, including Polish scientists and writers.

July 10 - Marshal of the USSR S. M. Budyonny was appointed commander of the troops of the South-Western direction.

July 11 - Parts of the 2nd Panzer Group of the Wehrmacht crossed the Dnieper to the north and south of Mogilev and encircled the Soviet 13th Army.

July 19 - Stalin assumed the duties of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR.

July 19 - German troops occupied Yelnya. Three Soviet armies were surrounded in the Smolensk region.

July 22 - A group of generals and senior officers of the Western Front of the Red Army was shot.

July 27 - German troops occupied the Solovyovskaya crossing and closed the encirclement around Smolensk. More than 300 thousand people were taken prisoner in the Smolensk "boiler", 2000 tanks and 1900 guns were lost.

August 2 - German troops in the Uman region surrounded a large grouping of units of the Southwestern Front - 20 Soviet divisions: about 100 thousand people, including 4 corps commanders and 11 division commanders.

August 13 - Romanian-German troops reached the Black Sea east of Odessa and completely surrounded Odessa on land.

August 25 - Soviet and British troops launched a joint invasion of Iran (Operation Sympathy).

August 28 - The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the resettlement of Germans living in the Volga region" was issued. The ASSR of the Volga Germans was liquidated and the mass deportation of Soviet Germans from the European part of the USSR beyond the Urals began.

August 30 - September 6 - The counter-offensive operation of the Soviet troops in the Yelnya region, which ended in success.

September 6 - In the territories occupied by the Germans, all Jews over 6 years of age are ordered to wear the "Star of David" and the inscription "Jew" on their clothes.

September 8 - German troops captured Shlisselburg - the beginning of the blockade of Leningrad (until January 27, 1944).

September 16 - Under pressure from Great Britain and the USSR, the Shah of Iran Reza Pahlavi abdicates the throne in favor of his son Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.

September 16 - American merchant ships were given the right to transport war materials to British ports.

September 18 - The German 1st and 2nd Panzer Groups closed the ring around the troops of the Soviet Southwestern Front east of Kyiv.

September 20 - The column of the headquarters of the Southwestern Front, leaving the encirclement, in which the commander, members of the Military Council, the chief of staff and a large group of commanders followed, was attacked by the Germans 15 km southwest of Lokhvitsa (Poltava region). There was a battle in Shumeykova Grove (near the village of Iskovtsy), in which the commander of the Southwestern Front, Colonel-General Hero of the Soviet Union M.P. Kirponos, the chief of staff of the front V.I. Tupikov and about 800 Soviet soldiers and officers were killed.

September 26 - Surrounded near Kiev, the remaining troops of the Southwestern Front ceased resistance. Losses in killed and wounded amounted to about 100 thousand, another 600 thousand people were captured. It was the largest number of prisoners in one cauldron in world history.

September 30 - Going on the offensive of the 2nd German Panzer Army in the direction of Moscow. Beginning of Operation Typhoon.

October 1 - The first American jet aircraft, the P-59 Airacomet, took to the air for the first time. The United States became the fourth country to launch its own jet aircraft, after Germany, Italy and the UK.

October 2 - The main forces of the German Army Group "Center" launched an attack on Moscow.

October 7 - German tank groups closed the encirclement of the Soviet troops of the Western and Reserve fronts in the Vyazma region. The number of prisoners in the "cauldrons" near Vyazma and Bryansk amounted to more than 688 thousand people.

October 8 - Mariupol was captured by German troops, who reached the Sea of ​​Azov. The 18th Army of the Southern Front was surrounded. The commander of the army, Lieutenant-General A.K. Smirnov, was killed.

October 10 - A new government is formed in Iraq. Nuri al-Said became prime minister.

October 16 - The government of the USSR and the diplomatic corps are evacuated to Kuibyshev. Stalin remains in Moscow.

October 30 - July 4, 1942 - Defense of Sevastopol by units of the Separate Primorsky Army.

October 30 - US President F. D. Roosevelt approved a program for the supply of military goods to the USSR under Lend-Lease in the amount of $ 1 billion (about $ 13.5 billion in 2007 prices).

November 6 - JV Stalin speaks on the radio for the second time. He names the numbers of losses by November: 350 thousand for the Red Army and 4.5 million for the Nazi troops. Stalin says victory is near.

November 7 - Parade of Soviet troops on Red Square. At this time, German troops were 70-100 km from Moscow. Part of the troops went straight from the parade to the front.

November 7 - German aircraft sank the ship "Armenia", which took out the wounded from the besieged Sevastopol. More than 5 thousand people died.

November 12 - The air temperature in the Moscow region fell below -10 °C. For counterattacks on the freezing German troops, the Red Army for the first time used ski units.

November 13 - A German submarine sank the British aircraft carrier Ark Royal in the Mediterranean.

November 17 - December 2 - Counteroffensive of the troops of the Soviet Southern Front near Rostov-on-Don.

November 15-16 - The resumption of the German offensive against Moscow from the northwest.

November 19 - Fight between the Australian cruiser "Sydney" and the German auxiliary cruiser "Kormoran" west of the coast of Australia. Both ships sank.

November 25 - The German submarine U-331 torpedoes the British battleship Berchem near Sollum in the Mediterranean.

December 7 - Japanese naval aircraft attack Pearl Harbor, the main US naval base in the Pacific.

December 7 - Canada and New Zealand declare war on Finland, Romania and Hungary.

December 8 - Australia and the Union of South Africa declare war on Finland, Romania and Hungary.

December 8 - Great Britain, Canada, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, El Salvador, Panama, Dutch East Indies, Union of South Africa, Australia, Free France declared war on Japan.

December 8 - In Poland, the SS used poison gas for the first time to kill people in concentration camps.

December 10 - Japanese aircraft sank the British battleship Prince of Wales and the battlecruiser Repulse off the east coast of British Malaya near Singapore.

December 11 - The United States, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Cuba and the Dominican Republic declared war on Germany and Italy.

December 13 - Hungary, Bulgaria, Croatia and Slovakia declare war on the United States and Great Britain.

December 13 - The Czechoslovak government in exile declared war on all states at war with Great Britain, the USA or the USSR.

December 16 - The Red Army liberates the city of Kalinin (now Tver) - the first regional center liberated from the Germans.

December 19 - Resignation of Field Marshal von Brauchitsch. Hitler assumed command of the ground forces.

December 19 - Italian "guided" torpedoes attack the British battleships Queen Elizabeth and Valiant in the port of Alexandria.

December 25 - Japanese forces defeat Anglo-Canadian forces near Hong Kong. Capitulation of Hong Kong.

December 27 - English commandos attack the port of Vaagso in occupied Norway. Hitler sends an additional military contingent to Norway.

June 22, 1941. 1st day of the war

The day before, June 21, at 13:00. German troops received the prearranged signal "Dortmund". It meant that the offensive according to the Barbarossa plan should begin the next day at 3 hours 30 minutes.

On June 21, a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks was held, after which an order (directive No. 1) of the NPO of the USSR was issued and transmitted to the western military districts on the night of June 22: “During June 22-23, 1941, a sudden attack by the Germans on the fronts is possible LVO, PribOVO, ZAPOVO, KOVO, OdVO ... The task of our troops is not to succumb to any provocative actions ... At the same time, the troops of the Leningrad, Baltic, Western, Kiev and Odessa military districts should be in full combat readiness to meet a possible sudden attack by the Germans or their allies.

On the night of June 21-22, German saboteurs began to operate on the territory of the USSR in the border zone, violating communication lines.

At 3 o'clock. 30 minutes. along the entire length of the Western border of the USSR, the Germans began artillery and aviation training, after which the German ground forces invaded the territory of the USSR. 15 minutes before, at 3 o'clock. 15 minutes, the Romanian Air Force launched air strikes on the border regions of the USSR.

At 4 o'clock. 10 min. The Western and Baltic Special Districts reported on the start of hostilities by German troops in the land areas of the districts.

At 5:30 a.m. German Ambassador to the USSR Schulenburg handed over to the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Molotov a declaration of war. The same statement was made in Berlin to the USSR Ambassador to Germany Dekanozov.

At 7 o'clock. 15 minutes. Directive No. 2 was issued signed by Timoshenko, Malenkov and Zhukov: “On June 22, 1941, at 04:00 in the morning, German aviation, without any reason, raided our airfields and cities along the western border and bombarded them.
At the same time, German troops opened artillery fire in different places and crossed our border ... The troops should use all their forces and means to attack the enemy forces and destroy them in areas where they violated the Soviet border.

The western border military districts of the USSR were transformed into fronts: the Baltic Special - into the North-Western Front, the Western Special - into the Western, the Kyiv Special - into the South-Western.

The beginning of the defense of the Liepaja naval base.

In the evening, Directive No. 3 of the NPO of the USSR signed by Timoshenko, Malenkov, Zhukov was issued, ordering the fronts to destroy the enemy with powerful counterattacks, "regardless of the state border."

The offensive of the German troops took the enemy by surprise ... everywhere we easily managed to capture bridges over water barriers and break through the border fortifications to the full depth ... After the initial “tetanus” caused by the suddenness of the attack, the enemy proceeded to active operations ... Our advancing divisions everywhere where the enemy tried to resistance, threw it back and advanced with the battle an average of 10-12 km! Thus, the way to mobile connections is open.

June 23, 1941. 2nd day of the war

• 2nd day of the defense of the Brest Fortress.
• 2nd day of defense of Liepaja naval base.
• 2nd day of border battles.

June 24, 1941. 3rd day of the war

• 3rd day of the defense of the Brest Fortress.
• 3rd day of Liepaja naval base defense.
• 3rd day of border battles.
• 2nd day of counterattacks by the Red Army in the Siauliai and Grodno directions.
• 2nd day of the tank battle in the area of ​​Lutsk - Brody - Rivne.

The Leningrad Military District was reorganized into the Northern Front.

June 25, 1941. 4th day of the war

• 4th day of the defense of the Brest Fortress.
• 4th day of defense of Liepaja naval base.
• 4th day of border battles.
• 3rd, last, day of counterattacks by the Red Army in the Siauliai and Grodno directions.
• 3rd day of the tank battle in the area of ​​Lutsk - Brody - Rivne.

The air forces of the Northern Front and the aviation units of the Northern and Red Banner Baltic Fleets simultaneously attacked 19 airfields in Finland, on which formations of Nazi and Finnish aviation were concentrated for operations against our targets. Having made about 250 sorties, the Soviet pilots destroyed many aircraft and other enemy military equipment on the airfields that day.

The Odessa Military District was reorganized into the Southern Front.

On June 25, enemy mobile units developed an offensive in the Vilna and Baranovichi directions ...

Enemy attempts to break through on the Brodsky and Lvov directions are met with strong opposition ...

On the Bessarabian sector of the front, the troops of the Red Army firmly hold their positions ...

The assessment of the situation in the morning generally confirms the conclusion that the Russians decided to wage decisive battles in the border zone and retreat only in certain sectors of the front, where they are forced to do so by the strong onslaught of our advancing troops.

June 26, 1941. 5th day of the war

• 5th day of the defense of the Brest Fortress.
• 5th day of defense of Liepaja naval base.
• 5th day of border battles.
• 4th day of the tank battle in the area of ​​Lutsk - Brody - Rivne.

During June 26, in the Minsk direction, our troops fought with infiltrated enemy tank units.

The fights continue.

In the Lutsk direction, large and fierce tank battles are going on throughout the day with a clear advantage on the side of our troops ...

Army Group South is slowly advancing, unfortunately suffering significant losses. The enemy, acting against Army Group South, has a firm and energetic leadership ...

On the front of Army Group Center, operations are developing successfully. In the Slonim area, enemy resistance is broken ...

Army Group North, surrounding individual enemy groups, continues to systematically move east.

June 27, 1941. 6th day of the war

• 6th day of the defense of the Brest Fortress.
• 6th, last, day of defense of Liepaja naval base.
• 6th day of frontier battles.
• 5th day of the tank battle in the area of ​​Lutsk - Brody - Rivne.
• Day 2 of the defense of the naval base on the Hanko Peninsula.

During the day, our troops in the Shaulyai, Vilensky and Baranovichi directions continued to retreat to positions prepared for defense, lingering for battle at intermediate lines ...
On the entire sector of the front from Przemysl to the Black Sea, our troops firmly hold the state border.

June 28, 1941. 7th day of the war

• 7th day of the defense of the Brest Fortress.
• 7th day of border battles.
• 6th day of the tank battle in the area of ​​Lutsk - Brody - Rivne.
• 3rd day of the defense of the naval base on the Hanko Peninsula.

... In the Lutsk direction, a large tank battle unfolded during the day, in which up to 4,000 tanks participate from both sides. The tank battle continues.
In the region of Lviv, stubborn intense battles with the enemy are going on, during which our troops inflict a significant defeat on him ...

June 29, 1941. 8th day of the war

• 8th day of the defense of the Brest Fortress.
• 8th, last, day of the Border Battles.
• 7th, last, day of the tank battle in the area of ​​Lutsk - Brody - Rivne.
• 4th day of defense of the naval base on the Hanko Peninsula.

German and Finnish troops went on the offensive in the Murmansk direction.

A strategic defensive operation began in the Arctic and Karelia.

On June 29, Finnish-German troops went on the offensive along the entire front from the Barents Sea to the Gulf of Finland ...

In the Vilna-Dvina direction, attempts by the enemy’s mobile units to influence the flanks and rear of our troops, retreating as a result of the fighting in the Siauliai, Keidany, Panevezh, Kaunas regions to new positions, were not successful ...
In the Lutsk direction, the battle of large tank masses continues ...

The Germans pursued the goal of disrupting the deployment of our troops in a few days and capturing Kyiv and Smolensk with a lightning strike within a week. However ... our troops still managed to turn around, and the so-called lightning strike on Kyiv, Smolensk turned out to be thwarted ...

Heavy fighting is still going on at the front of Army Group South. On the right flank of the 1st Panzer Group, the 8th Russian Panzer Corps penetrated deep into our position ... This wedging of the enemy, obviously, caused a lot of confusion in our rear in the area between Brody and Dubno ... Separate groups are also operating in the rear of the 1st Panzer Group the enemy with tanks, which are even advancing for considerable distances... The situation in the Dubno region is very tense...

In the center of Army Group Center's zone, our completely mixed divisions are making every effort not to let the enemy out of the inner ring of encirclement, who is desperately making his way in all directions ...

On the front of the Army Group "North", our troops systematically continue the offensive in the planned directions to the Western Dvina. All available crossings were captured by our troops... Only part of the enemy troops managed to get out of the threat of encirclement in the east across the lake region between Dvinsk and Minsk to Polotsk.

June 30, 1941. 9th day of the war

• 9th day of the defense of the Brest Fortress.
• 5th day of defense of the naval base on the Hanko Peninsula.
• 2nd day of the strategic defensive operation in the Arctic and Karelia.

The formation of the people's militia in Leningrad began.

All power in the USSR passes to the newly formed State Defense Committee (GKO) consisting of: Stalin (chairman), Molotov (deputy chairman), Beria, Voroshilov, Malenkov.

In the Vilna-Dvina direction, our troops are fighting fierce battles with enemy motorized mechanized units ...
In the Minsk and Baranovichi directions, our troops are engaged in stubborn battles with the superior forces of the enemy’s mobile troops, delaying their advance at intermediate lines ...

In general, operations continue to develop successfully on the fronts of all army groups. Only on the front of the Army Group "Center" part of the encircled enemy grouping broke through between Minsk and Slonim through the front of the Guderian tank group ... On the front of the Army Group "North" the enemy launched a counterattack in the Riga region and wedged into our location ... An increase in enemy aviation activity in front of the front was noted army group "South" and in front of the Romanian front ... On the side of the enemy, already completely outdated types of four-engine aircraft are operating.

Sources

• 1941 - M.: MF "Democracy", 1998
• History of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union 1941-1945. Volume 2. - M.: Military Publishing, 1961
• Franz Halder. War diary. 1941-1942. - M.: AST, 2003
• Zhukov G.K. Memories and reflections. 1985. In 3 volumes.
• Isaev A.V. From Dubno to Rostov. - M.: AST; Transitbook, 2004

Hitler approved the war plan against the USSR, codenamed "Barbarossa", on December 18, 1940. He sought to establish German hegemony in Europe, which would have been impossible without the defeat of the USSR. Germany was also attracted by the natural wealth of the USSR, which was important as a strategic raw material. The defeat of the Soviet Union, in the opinion of the Hitlerite military command, would create the conditions for the invasion of the British Isles and the capture of British colonies in the Near and Middle East and in India. The strategic plan of the Hitlerite command (“blitzkrieg” - lightning war) was as follows: to destroy the Soviet troops concentrated in the western regions of the country, to rapidly advance deep into the Soviet Union, to occupy its most important political and economic centers. Moscow should have been destroyed after its capture. The ultimate goal of the military operation against the USSR is the withdrawal and consolidation of German troops on the Arkhangelsk-Astrakhan line.

June 22, 1941 Germany attacked the Soviet Union. Hitler violated the German-Soviet non-aggression pact of 1939.

German troops advanced with three army groups. The task of the Army Group "North" is to destroy the Soviet troops in the Baltic states, to occupy the ports on the Baltic Sea, Pskov and Leningrad. Army Group "South" was supposed to defeat the forces of the Red Army in Ukraine, capture Kyiv, Kharkov, Donbass and Crimea. The most powerful was Army Group Center, advancing in the central direction towards Moscow.

On June 23, the Headquarters of the High Command was created in Moscow to direct the fighting. On July 10, it was transformed into the Headquarters of the High Command. Stalin was its chairman.

Initial stage (June 22, 1941— November 19, 1942).

1941

On June 22, the Germans crossed the border of the Soviet Union in many directions.

By July 10, the Nazis, advancing in three strategic directions (Moscow, Leningrad and Kiev), captured the Baltic states, a significant part of Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine.

July 10 - September 10 - Battle of Smolensk, loss of the city, encirclement of Red Army formations, advance of the Nazis to Moscow.

July 11 - September 19 - the defense of Kyiv, the loss of the city, the encirclement of four armies of the South-Western Front.

December 5, 1941 - January 8, 1942 - the counteroffensive of the Red Army near Moscow, the Germans were driven back 120-250 km. The blitzkrieg strategy failed.

1942

January 9 - April - the offensive of the Red Army, the Moscow and Tula regions, the regions of the Kalinin, Smolensk, Ryazan, Oryol regions were liberated.

May - July - the offensive of German troops in the Crimea, the fall of Sevastopol (July 4).

July 17 - November 18 - the defensive stage of the Battle of Stalingrad, the plans of the German command to capture the city with lightning speed were thwarted.

July 25 - December 31 - defensive battle in the North Caucasus.

Radical change (November 19, 1942 - December 1943).

November 19, 1942 - February 2, 1943 - the offensive of the Red Army near Stalingrad, the encirclement and capture of the 6th Army of Field Marshal Paulus and the 2nd Tank Army with a total strength of 300 thousand people, the beginning of a radical change in during the Great Patriotic War.

1943

July 5 - August 23 - Battle of Kursk (July 12 - tank battle near Prokhorovka), the final transfer of the strategic initiative to the Red Army.

August 25 - December 23 - the battle for the Dnieper, the liberation of the Left-Bank Ukraine, Donbass, Kyiv (November 6).

1944 G.

January - May - offensive operations near Leningrad and Novgorod (the blockade of Leningrad was lifted), near Odessa (the city was liberated) and in the Crimea.

June - December - Operation Bagration and a number of other offensive operations to liberate Belarus, the Lvov-Sandomierz operation in Western Ukraine, operations to liberate Romania and Bulgaria, the Baltic States, Hungary and Yugoslavia.

1945

January 12 - February 7 - Vistula-Oder operation, most of Poland was liberated.

January 13 - April 25 - East Prussian operation, Koenigsberg, the main fortified bridgehead of East Prussia, was taken.

April 16 - May 8 - Berlin operation, the capture of Berlin (May 2), the surrender of Germany (May 8).

The Great Patriotic War was an integral part of the Second World War, in which Nazi Germany and its allies were confronted by a powerful anti-Hitler coalition. The main participants in the coalition were the USSR, the USA and Great Britain. The Soviet Union made a decisive contribution to the defeat of fascism. The Eastern Front has always remained the main one during the Second World War.

The victory over Germany and Japan strengthened the prestige of the USSR throughout the world. The Soviet Army ended the war with the most powerful army in the world, and the Soviet Union became one of the two superpowers.

The main source of the USSR's victory in the war was the unexampled courage and heroism of the Soviet people at the front and in the rear. Only on the Soviet-German front, 607 enemy divisions were defeated. Germany lost in the war against the USSR more than 10 million people (80% of its military losses), 167 thousand artillery pieces, 48 ​​thousand tanks, 77 thousand aircraft (75% of all its military equipment). The victory came at a great cost to us. The war claimed the lives of almost 27 million people (including 10 million soldiers and officers). 4 million partisans, underground workers, and civilians died in the enemy rear. Over 6 million people ended up in fascist captivity. Nevertheless, in the people's minds, the long-awaited Victory Day became the brightest and most joyful holiday, which meant the end of the most bloody and destructive of wars.

Looking back, it seems that these events are several centuries old. Life is in full swing around, everyone is fussing, in a hurry, and sometimes even the events of a year ago have no meaning and are ingloriously covered in dust in memory. But mankind has no moral right to forget 1418 days of the Great Patriotic War. Chronicles of the war 1941-1945. - this is just a small echo of that time, a good reminder to the modern generation that the war never brought anything good to anyone.

Causes of the war

Like any armed confrontation, the reasons for the start of the war were very banal. In the chronicle of the Great 1941-1945) it is indicated that the battle began because Adolf Hitler wanted to lead Germany to world domination: to seize all countries and create a state with pure races.

For a year he invades Poland, then goes to Czechoslovakia, conquers more new territories, and then violates the peace treaty concluded on August 23, 1939 with the USSR. Intoxicated by the first successes and victories, he developed the Barbarossa plan, according to which he was supposed to capture the Soviet Union in a short time. But it was not there. From this moment begins a four-year chronicle of the events of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945).

1941st. Start

In June the war began. During this month, five defensive fronts were formed, each of which was responsible for its own territory:

• northern front. He defended Hanko (from 22.06 to 02.12) and the Arctic (from 29.07 to 10.10).
• Northwestern Front. Immediately after the attack, he began to conduct the Baltic strategic defensive operation (22.06-09.07).
• Western front. Here the Bialystok-Minsk battle unfolded (22.06-09.07).
• Southwestern front. Launched the Lvov-Chernivtsi defensive operation (22.06-06.07).
• Southern front. Founded on 25.07.

In July, defensive operations continued on the Northern Front. On the Northwestern Front, the Leningrad defensive operation began (from 10.07 to 30.09). At the same time, the Battle of Smolensk begins on the Western Front (10.07-10.09). July 24 founded the Central Front, he took part in the battle of Smolensk. On the 30th, the Reserve Front was formed. In the South-West, the Kyiv defensive operation began (07.07-26.09). On the Southern Front, the Tiraspol-Melitopol defensive operation begins (27.07-28.09).

In August, the battle continues. The forces of the Reserve Front join the battle of Smolensk. On the 14th, the Bryansk Front was founded, the defense of the city was carried out in the Odessa defensive region (05.08-16.10). On August 23, the Transcaucasian Front is formed, two days later the Iranian operation begins.

The entries for September in the documentary chronicles of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) indicate that most of the defensive battles have ended. The forces of the Soviet Union changed their place of deployment and began new offensive operations: Sumy-Kharkov and Donbass.

In October, the Sinyavskaya and Strelna-Peterhof operations are carried out on the Leningrad Front, and the Tikhvin defensive operation begins (from October 16 to November 18). On the 17th, the Kalinin Defensive Front was formed, and the defensive operation of the same name began. On the 10th, the Reserve Front ceased to exist. The Tula defensive operation began on the Bryansk Front (24.10-05.12). The Crimean troops began a defensive operation and entered the battle for Sevastopol (10/10/1941-07/09/1942).

In November, the Tikhvin offensive operation began, which ended by the end of the year. The battles went on with varying success. On December 5, the Kalinin offensive operation began, and on the 6th, the Klin-Solnechnaya and Tula offensive operations began. On December 17, the Volkhov Front was formed. The Bryansk front was formed again, and the Kerch landing operation began in the Transcaucasus (26.12). The defense of Sevastopol continued.

1942 - a brief military chronicle of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)

On January 1, 1942, an anti-German bloc was formed, which included 226 countries. Meanwhile, on January 2, the city of Maloyaroslavets was liberated, on the 3rd, near the city of Sukhinichi, the Russian army defeated the Germans, and on January 7, German shock groups near Moscow were defeated.

New offensive operations begin. On January 20, Mozhaisk was completely liberated. In early February, the entire Moscow region was liberated from the Germans. Soviet troops advanced 250 km in the direction of Vitebsk. On March 5, long-range aviation is created. On May 8, the German offensive begins in the Crimea. Battles are underway near Kharkov, on June 28, a large-scale offensive by German troops begins. Forces were mainly directed to the Volga and the Caucasus.

On July 17, the legendary Battle of Stalingrad begins, which is mentioned in all the chronicles of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (photos of the confrontation are attached). On August 25, a state of siege was introduced in Stalingrad. On September 13, fighting begins at Mamaev Kurgan. On November 19, the Red Army begins an offensive operation near Stalingrad. On December 3, a group of German troops was defeated in the Shiripin area. On December 31, the troops of the Stalingrad Front liberate the city of Elista.

1943

This year has been a turning point. On January 1, the Rostov offensive operation began. The cities of Mozdok, Malgobek, Nalchik were liberated; on January 12, Operation Iskra began. The military who took part in it must have been Leningrad. Five days later, the city of Velikiye Luki was liberated. January 18 managed to establish contact with Leningrad. On January 19, an offensive operation began on the Voronezh Front, and a large military grouping of the enemy was defeated. On January 20, in the area of ​​​​the city of Velikoluksk, enemy troops were defeated. On January 21, Stavropol was liberated.

On January 31, German troops capitulate at Stalingrad. On February 2, it was possible to liquidate the army near Stalingrad (nearly 300 thousand fascists). On February 8, Kursk was liberated, and on the 9th - Belgorod. The Soviet army advanced towards Minsk.

Krasnodar liberated; 14th - Rostov-on-Don, Voroshilovgrad and Krasnodon; On February 16, Kharkov was liberated. On March 3, they liberated Rzhevsk, on the 6th - Gzhatsk, on March 12, the Germans left their positions in Vyazma. On March 29, the Soviet flotilla inflicted significant damage on the German fleet off the coast of Norway.

On May 3, the Soviet army won the battle in the air, and on July 5, the legendary Battle of Kursk began. It ended on August 22, during the battle 30 German divisions were defeated. By the end of the year, successful offensive operations are being carried out, one by one the cities of the Soviet Union are being liberated from the invaders. suffers defeat.

1944

According to the chronicle of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), the war took a favorable turn for the USSR. Offensive operations began on all fronts. Ten so-called Stalinist strikes helped to completely liberate the territory of the USSR, the fighting was now carried out on the territory of Europe.

Way to victory

The German command understands that it cannot seize the strategic initiative and begins to take up defensive positions in order to preserve at least those territories that they managed to capture. But every day they had to retreat further and further.

April 16, 1945 Soviet troops surround Berlin. The Nazi army is defeated. April 30 Hitler commits suicide. On May 7, Germany announced its surrender to the Western Allied Forces, and on May 9, it surrendered to the Soviet Union.

In the chronicles (1941-1945) the war is presented to the reader as a list of dates and events. But we must not forget that human destinies are hidden behind each date: unfulfilled hopes, unfulfilled promises and unlived lives.