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1 Tasks of the municipal stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in geography 2014 Grade 11 Test round The use of atlases and other reference publications is prohibited. Time to complete tasks 45 minutes. Total: 25 points On completion test task choose only one correct answer. 1. P.F. Anjou is a Russian explorer of the Arctic. In 1820 he was appointed leader of an expedition whose purpose was to explore the northern coast of Siberia. In the years P.F. Anzhu gave a description and mapped the New Siberian Islands. He also explored the northern coast of Siberia between the Olenek and Indigirka rivers. Which of the listed geographical objects on the map of Russia is named after P.F. Anjou? 1) ridge; 2) strait 3) islands; 4) gulf 2. On which of the listed continents are lakes Erie and Michigan located? 1) Australia 2) North America; 3) Africa 4) South America; 3. The deepest depression on land is on the mainland 1) Australia; 2) Africa 3) Eurasia; 4) North America 4. Some solar panels are a lot of concave mirrors installed in one place and fixed in a certain position. In the city of Seville (Spain), a solar power plant of more than 600 mirrors provides electricity to more than 6,000 homes. The amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface varies by season and depends on the geographical latitude of the point. Which of the following maps should be used to locate the city of Seville named in the text? 1) Europe; 2) Asia 3) Africa; four) South America 5. What letter in the figure indicates the point at which the greatest Atmosphere pressure? 1) A 2) B 3) C 6. What is an example of unsustainable environmental management? one

2 1) carrying out snow retention in winter time 2) use natural gas instead of coal at thermal power plants 3) creation of a water recycling system at industrial enterprises 4) drainage of swamps in the upper reaches of small rivers 7. The weather map was compiled for April 12. Which of the following cities shown on the map is most likely to experience a significant cooling next day? 1) Perm; 2) Syktyvkar 3) Omsk; 4) Tyumen 8. Which of the following statements contains information about the reproduction of the population? 1) In the first half of 2013, there was an increase in the number of arrivals from outside Russia by 17.9 thousand people, or by 9.1%. 2) Growing up, big cities involve small cities and towns adjacent to them in the sphere of their interests, forming agglomerations, the number of which in the world is constantly increasing. 3) If in early XIX in. While the urban population was determined by several tens of million people with a total population of 1 billion, now almost half of all the inhabitants of the Earth live in cities. 4) In the first half of 2013 in Russia there was a decrease in the number of births (in 53 regions Russian Federation) and the number of deaths (in 57 subjects). In the country as a whole, in the first half of 2013, the number of deaths exceeded the number of births by 5.9%. 9. The formation of acids in the atmosphere and the precipitation of acid rain are primarily 1) burning coal; 2) application of organic fertilizers to the soil; 3) soil fertilization; 4) creation of landfills for household waste 10. In the capital of which of the listed republics, the Sun is the first to

3 Moscow time rises above the horizon? 1) Khakassia; 2) Tyva 3) Altai; 4) Buryatia 11. Beech and hornbeam are typical representatives of the vegetation of the natural zone 1) humid equatorial forests; 2) taiga 3) savannas and light forests; 4) broad-leaved forests 12. Protecting land from wind erosion contributes to 1) plowing slopes 2) cutting bushes in ravines and gullies 3) planting forest belts 4) intensive grazing 13. Which of the following cities is the center of agricultural engineering? 1) St. Petersburg; 2) Rubtsovsk 3) Arkhangelsk; 4) Magadan 14. Which of the statements contains information about the reproduction of the population? 1) According to the results of the All-Russian population census in 2010, the urban population in the country was 105.3 million people (74%), about a third of the city dwellers lived in 12 million-plus cities. 2) In 2009, the average population density of the North Caucasus Federal District was one of the highest in the country: 54 people per 1 m2. 3) The number of births in the Russian Federation in January October 2012 increased to 1586.9 thousand people against 1482.8 thousand people in January October 2011. At the same time, the number of deaths in January October 2012 decreased to 1586.1 thousand. people from 1610.2 thousand people a year earlier. 4) In 2009, 10.527 million inhabitants were registered in Moscow, of which about 7 million were of working age and 2.5 million were pensioners. 15. Which of the following cities is a major center of the aluminum industry? 1) Belgorod; 2) Kursk 3) Krasnoyarsk; 4) Khabarovsk 16. Which of the following countries is a member of ASEAN? 1) Iran; 2) Iraq; 3) Nigeria; 4) Malaysia 17. Analyze the climatogram and determine what letter on the map indicates the point whose climate characteristics are reflected in the climatogram. 3

4 1) A 2) B 3) C 18. Russia is one of the five world leaders in the production of 1) soybeans; 2) sugar cane 3) rice; 4) wheat 19. Are the following conclusions about the trends in the volume of livestock production in the Moscow and Belgorod regions, based on the analysis of the data in the table below, correct? Conclusion A. In the Moscow region in the period from 2008 to 2010, there was an annual increase in the volume of livestock production. Conclusion B. In the Belgorod region in the period from 2008 to 2010, there was an annual decrease in the volume of livestock production. 1) only conclusion A is correct 2) only conclusion B is correct 3) both conclusions are correct 4) both conclusions are wrong 4

5 20. Which of the following sentences refers to international economic integration? 1) According to experts, the high growth rates of the economies of China, India and Brazil will soon stop. 2) As part of the creation of a single market for goods, ASEAN member countries annually agree on a list of goods covered by the duty-free trade agreement. 3) Between 2000 and 2010, an average of 2.6 million people moved to developed countries from developing countries annually. 4) The high rate of population aging in Japan and the eurozone countries will lead to a deterioration in their positions in the ranking of leading countries in terms of economic growth. 21. Which of the territories indicated by letters on the map of Russia is located within the natural zone of the tundra? 1) A 2) B 3) C 22. What letter marks the territory of the state of Pakistan on the map of Eurasia? 1) A 2) B 3) C 5

6 23. Which of the following peoples is among the indigenous peoples Eastern Siberia? 1) Khakasses; 2) Chuvash 3) Karelians; 4) Bashkirs 24. In which of the following countries do the majority of believers profess Islam? 1) Algeria; 2) Argentina 3) India; 4) Chile 25. In accordance with the Law on the return to "winter" time from October 26, 2014, 11 time zones will be established in the country. The initial time for calculating the local time of time zones will be Moscow time, the time of the II time zone (see table). The plane took off from point 1 (II time zone) to point 2 (IV time zone) at 10:00 Moscow time. Estimated flight time is 3 hours. How long will it be at point 2 when the plane lands? 1) 2 pm 2) 3 pm 3) 4 pm 4) 5 pm 6

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PLEASE ANSWER CORRECTLY, AS MY ANNUAL ASSESSMENT DEPENDS ON THIS) 1) Which of the following plants are typical for the tundra? environmental issues in the tundra zone is: a) mining ___ b) agricultural activity ___ c) logging ___ d) the growth of large cities. 3) Which natural and economic zone of Russia is most modified by man? and spend a week in the mountains in a territory with a little-changed landscape. Which of the listed protected natural areas can they do this? An example of irrational nature management is: a) snow retention ___ b) drainage of swamps in the upper reaches of rivers ___ c) the creation of forest belts in the steppe zone ___ d) land reclamation. Siberia, because here: a) the amount of solar radiation is less ___ b) the soils are less fertile ___ c) winters and softer ___ d) summer is cooler. 7) What soils are most characteristic of the taiga zone? a) brown forests ___ b) gray forests ___ c) chernozems ___ d) podzolic. 9) Arrange the natural and economic zones in ascending order of the degree of favorable natural conditions for the life of the population. 1) MIXED FORESTS ___ 2) TUNDRA ___ 3) TAIGA. 10) Locate natural areas in ascending order of their characteristic moisture coefficient value. , their forage base is reduced, natural pastures are being destroyed. Suggest 2 ways of laying pipelines to solve this problem.

1) An example of irrational nature management is: a) planting forest belts b) construction of treatment facilities c) river rafting

d) land reclamation

2) natural complexes least modified by man are

a) deciduous forests

c) arctic islands

d) taiga zone

hello, I urgently need to answer questions tomorrow kontrolka through the ministry 1) name and describe the main forms of government

states. Give examples of countries 2) explain the content of the concept of "irrational nature management". Give examples of irrational nature management 3) Explain the concept of "international division of labor (MGTR)". Define the concept of international geographical division. 4) What determines the specialization of countries included in the MGTR? 5) Make a diagram of the links between mechanical engineering and other sectors of the world economy.

Geography Grade 8 13. The indigenous inhabitants of the Caucasus are 1) Komi 2) Buryats 3) Ingush 4) Nenets

11. An example of rational nature management is

1) drainage bolt in the upper reaches of small rivers

2) open pit mining

3) Use of wind and solar energy

4) transfer of thermal power plants from natural gas to coal

12. Which of the statements contains information about the natural reproduction of the population?

1) Less than a quarter of the population of Russia lives in Siberia, which is concentrated mainly along the Trans-Siberian railway.

2) During the 90s of the twentieth century, the outflow of the population from the Far East region exceeded 840 thousand people (11% of all residents)

3) In 2007, in many subjects of the Russian Federation, an increased number of births and a decrease in the number of deaths were noted.

4) In Russia, there are 153 thousand rural settlements, and a little more than a thousand cities.

15. Why are there many swamps and wetlands on the territory of the West Siberian Plain? Indicate one reason related to climatic features and one reason related to the features of the relief.

Write down the answer on a separate sheet or form, indicating first the task number.

18. Distribute the listed cities in order of increasing their height above sea level.

Write down the resulting sequence of letters.

A) Gorno-Altaisk B) Yekaterinburg C) Smolensk

Being a part of nature, for many centuries man has used its gifts for the development of technology and for the benefit of human civilization, while causing colossal and irreparable harm to the surrounding space. The modern facts of scientists indicate that it is time to think about the rational use of nature, because the thoughtless waste of earth's resources can lead to an irreversible environmental disaster.

In contact with

nature management system

The modern system of nature management is an integral structure covering all areas of human activity on present stage, including public consumption natural resources.

Science considers nature management as a set of measures for the rational use of natural resources, aimed not only at processing, but also at restoration, using improved methods and technologies. In addition, it is a discipline that provides theoretical knowledge and practical skills to preserve and increase the natural diversity and wealth of the entire world space.

Classification of natural resources

By origin, natural resources are divided into:

According to production use, there are:

• World Land Fund.
• Forest fund - part land resources where trees, shrubs, and herbs grow.
• Hydro resources are the energy and fossils of lakes, rivers, seas, oceans.

According to the degree of exhaustion:

Rational and irrational nature management

Rational nature management is the continuous impact of a person on the environment, where he knows how to manage relationships with nature on the basis of its conservation and protection from undesirable consequences in the course of his activities.

Signs of rational nature management:

• Restoration and reproduction of natural resources.
• Preservation of land, water, animals and flora.
• Gentle extraction of minerals and harmless processing.
• Preservation natural environment for human, animal and plant life.
• Maintaining the ecological balance of the natural system.
• Regulation of birth rate and population.

Rational nature management implies the interaction of the entire natural system based on the maintenance of the laws of ecology, rationalization in the use, conservation and enhancement of available resources. The essence of nature management is based on the primary laws of mutual synthesis of various natural systems. Thus, rational nature management is understood as the analysis of a biosystem, its careful exploitation, protection and reproduction, taking into account not only the current, but also the future interests of the development of economic sectors and the preservation of human health.

Examples of rational nature management are:

The current state of nature management shows an irrational approach, which leads to the destruction of the ecological balance and a very difficult recovery from human impact. In addition, extensive exploitation based on old technologies has led to a situation in which the environment is polluted and oppressed.

Signs of irrational nature management:

There are a fairly large number of examples of irrational nature management, which, unfortunately, prevails in economic activity and characteristic of intensive production.

Examples of irrational nature management:

• Slash-and-burn agriculture, plowing up hillsides, which leads to the formation of ravines, soil erosion and the destruction of the fertile layer of the earth ( humus).
• Change in the hydrological regime.
• Deforestation, destruction of protected areas, overgrazing.
• Discharge of waste and sewage into rivers, lakes, seas.
• Atmospheric pollution with chemicals.
• Extermination of valuable species of plants, animals and fish.
• Open pit mining.

Principles of rational nature management

Human activity, as part of the search for ways to rationally use natural resources and improve methods environmental safety is based on the following principles:

Ways to implement the principles

At the present stage, many countries are implementing political programs and projects in the field of applying rational methods of using natural resources, which relate to:

In addition, within the framework of a separate state, work is underway aimed at the development and implementation of regional plans and activities. environment, and the management and control of activities in this area should be carried out by both state and public organizations. These measures will:

• provide the population with environmentally safe work in production;
• create a healthy environment for residents of cities and villages;
• reduce the harmful effects of natural disasters and disasters;
• preserve the ecosystem in disadvantaged regions;
• implement modern technologies to ensure environmental standards;
• regulate acts of environmental legislation.

The problem of rational use of natural resources is much broader and more complex than it might seem at first glance. It must be remembered that everything in nature is closely interconnected and none of its components can exist in isolation from each other.

The damage caused in the course of centuries of economic activity can be corrected only if society takes a conscious approach to solving problems in the global environmental situation. And this is everyday work for an individual, a state and the world community.

In addition, before saving any biological subject, it is necessary to thoroughly study the entire agrobiological system, acquire knowledge and understand the essence of its existence. And only by knowing nature and its laws, a person will be able to rationally use all its benefits and resources, as well as increase and save for the future generation of people.