Modernization of the education system is impossible without new ideas, approaches, modern technologies, joint work of students and teachers. The creation of such experience is carried out in the course of research activities in a general education institution.
The need to create a NOU is dictated by the entire course of development of the educational process at school. The main factor in personal development is a special form of organization of the pedagogical process in the form of research activities.
The expediency of applying to the NOU organization is due to the solution of contradictions between:
- the need to give the student the opportunity to develop his intellect in independent creative activity, taking into account individual features, inclinations and lack of conditions for individual work with each capable student;
- the level of tasks of district and district subject Olympiads and insufficient ZUN of schoolchildren outside the curriculum;
- the desire of students for independence and the inability to organize their educational and cognitive activity and manage it;
- the need for differentiation of education and the uniformity of the content and technologies of education.
The organization of research activities of students has a number of features:
- The subjects of research work are students and teachers. The school administration organizes teachers for the constant search for innovations and transformations in the educational process, attracts them to the study educational problems students, uniting them in NOU.
- The research is of an applied nature and is aimed at developing and mastering programs to improve the learning process, educate and develop students, and increase its effectiveness in a particular educational institution.
- The results of school research work, as a rule, do not claim to identify scientific patterns and are distinguished by simplicity of design, which allows everyone who wants to try their hand and get the "first experience" of such an activity.
In the studies of the intellectual development of the personality, contained in the works of L.S. Vygotsky, J. Piaget, S.L. Rubinstein, A.G. Ananyeva and others distinguish various aspects of this mental phenomenon, but the leading role of the development of thinking in the formation of the structure of the intellect and cognitive mechanisms is invariably different, which largely determines the orientation of the organization of the entire educational process.
The tasks of developing the habit of mental work are connected with the research work of students. Theorists of training and education point to the need to stimulate the student to mental efforts. It is harmful for mental development if knowledge is assimilated only as a sum of facts, and not as information, processed by the student's own thoughts. Such a formulation of the question involves considering the problem of personality development in close connection with the tasks of forming the emotional sphere, intellectual, strong-willed and moral qualities, and the culture of mental work.
- Identification and cultivation of intellectual resources in general educational institution- students with developed creative abilities.
- Achieving the maximum level of development of the child's abilities.
To expand the horizons of students in the field of achievements of domestic and foreign science;
Identify the most capable students in various fields of science and develop their creative abilities;
Actively include school students in the process of self-education and self-development;
To improve the skills and abilities of independent work of students, to increase the level of knowledge and erudition of students in the fields of science that interest them;
Organization of research activities of students to improve the learning process and career guidance.
The NOU activities are based on the following conceptual positions:
- The scientific basis for the early differentiation of children according to interests is the doctrine of abilities (L.S. Vygotsky, B.M. Teplov, A.M. Matyushkin, V.D. Shadrikov, etc.).
- Ability is personal formations, including knowledge and skills that are formed on the basis of the innate inclinations of a person and determines his capabilities in the successful development of certain activities.
- Giftedness is a high level of intelligence development, a qualitatively unique combination of abilities that ensures the successful performance of an activity.
- Talent is a combination of abilities that makes it possible to perform any complex activity independently and in an original way.
- The development of a person is the development of his abilities (S.L. Rubinshtein).
- Disabilities are inherited, and the possibilities for their development are inclinations (L.S. Vygotsky).
- Abilities and interests are formed and manifested only in activity (A.N. Leontiev).
- The main division according to abilities is the division of people into artistic (right hemisphere, first signal), mental (left hemisphere, second signal) and average (without predominance of one or the other) type (IP Pavlov).
The main work of the NOU is a section that unites students of those classes whose age is determined by the position of the NOU. The section unites guys who have common interests in a particular field of knowledge.
The basis of the regulatory and organizational base of the NOU is:
- Regulations on KNOU (Attachment 1)
- Charter NOU (appendix 2)
- Thematic planning sections (subject circles) of NOU for the academic year.
Scientific activity includes organizational, labor and creative processes for managing this activity, organizing the implementation of student research work, approbation and implementation of the results of student research work.
Research work is carried out in close cooperation between the student and the leader. Students in the classroom receive appropriate tasks for the development of a research project, experimental groups can be created, including interdisciplinary ones (for example: biology-chemistry-ecology, etc.)
Students, interacting with teachers, perform creative tasks and contribute to the development of the topic, which is one of the promising means of developing the cognitive activity of schoolchildren.
Conducting research work involves the presence of the main stages characteristic of scientific research: problem statement, familiarization with popular scientific literature on this topic, mastering the research methodology, collecting own material, its analysis, generalization, conclusions.
Forms unified work organizations are:
- The work of circles in areas;
- Individual, group work of students under the guidance of teachers and other specialists on the basis of the school;
- Olympiads in various fields of knowledge;
- Organization of intellectual games for development cognitive interests and creative abilities;
- Reviewing the scientific works of students in preparing them for participation in competitions and conferences;
- Editing and publication of student scientific collections.
Planning the work of the scientific society of students
The effectiveness of the activities of a scientific society of students depends on how consistently the activities of students are managed and how expedient the planning of a scientific society of students is.
The plan of the section (subject circle) of the NOU may include the following sections:
- Cognitive and communicative work;
- Research activities;
- Creative activity;
- Educational activity.
Cognitive and communicative work. In order for a child to want to participate in research work, it is necessary to awaken the desire in him, to form research motivation, that is, the child must want to understand information and communicate it to others. Since a person is a social being, he must learn at school to speak deliberately, purposefully, solve problems, receive and transmit information, work with literary sources, discuss and make presentations, be able to listen to others and himself. In order to teach this, to awaken in children the research interest, enthusiasm, joy of creativity, cognitive and educational work among the members of the NOU is aimed at this. To conduct classes in this section, a school librarian, psychologist, literature teacher and all those who are not indifferent to children studying at NOU can be involved. The school librarian teaches to work with a catalog, scientific literature, develops the ability to make extracts, annotations, and collect scientific information. The school psychologist develops intellectual skills and communicative culture student.
Research activity. Research activity involves the work of each section. First of all, these are tasks of an experimental and research nature that students perform within the framework of their topics:
- Visiting enterprises, scientific institutions;
- Acquaintance with people who glorified science in this field of knowledge.
Creative activity. The creative activity of each section involves the preparation and holding of competitions for experts in science or competitions of intellectuals, scientific parades, quizzes, evenings, etc. Such NOU activities and work in sections makes it possible to make the participation of each student significant, stimulates the motivation for the participation of a large number of children in research and experimental work.
Educational activity. The main goal of education is the development of relationships (the expression of certain connections between a person and other people, the world around them, which affect the scope of its needs, knowledge, beliefs, etc.). When planning educational activities, it is necessary to outline activities aimed at nurturing the following relationships:
- Responsibility to others and environment;
- Ability to dialogue with representatives of other estates, nations, cultures;
- Understanding and accepting the laws of civil society;
- Understanding and need to belong to national culture;
- Responsible attitude to one's health, education, moral and ethical standards, social circle, etc.
The plan of each section (subject circle) is designed for 136 hours (4 hours per week). Its topics can move, expand. The number of hours on a specific topic varies by the head of the section (subject circle) depending on the specific conditions: the topic of research, the level of preparation of the child, the availability of material, its accessibility. It is necessary to combine individual and group lessons with a predominance of the former in certain topics.
Based on the results of the work for the year, the NOU Council prepares a report on all the positions of the plan and speaks with it at the final meeting. At the same meeting, teachers express their opinion on the work of sections (subject circles) and their management, and make proposals for organizing research activities.
NOU organization structure
For the purpose of a clear organization of work, a structure has been formed that allows the process of research activities to be carried out <рисунок 1> .
supreme body KNOW - meeting. The meeting approves the NOU Council, determines the composition of each section, approves the name of the NOU, its work plan for the year (Appendix 3) , accepts the emblem <рисунок 2> and the NOU motto. The general meeting of the NOU is held twice a year.
AT NOU Council includes at least five people. Meetings of the NOU Council - 2 times a year. Meetings of the council of the NOU provide an opportunity to predict and control the organization of research work at the school, to correct the activities of the council itself. The content of the work of the NOU Council is aimed at studying the results of diagnostics, analyzing the participation of NOU members in subject Olympiads, preparing intellectual events, and scientific conferences.
Having entered the NOU, the student works in one of sections (subject circle), which hosts not only consultations, but also regular classes on the development of intellectual potential and creativity. After the guys have decided on the topic of their scientific work and the section (subject circle) in which they will work, a schedule of classes for each section of the LEU is drawn up and the place and time of their holding are determined.
The final authority is scientific - research conference(Annex 4) . It is convened once a year to discuss the progress and results of research and experimental work. Creative works of a search and research nature, performed by members of the school sections individually or in a group in the form of a report or an experiment report, can be presented at the conference. The defense of the work may be accompanied by slides, video clips, drawings, drawings, diagrams.
Coordination and control over the activities of the NOU is carried out by the methodological service and the administration of the school.
The appendices provide references for checking journals and thematic planning of subject circles of NOU (app 12, app 13)
Expected results of NOU activities
- mastery of students knowledge that goes beyond curriculum,
- the development by students of the methods and techniques of scientific research,
- mastering work skills and additional literary sources
And as a result - A high school student who has a taste for research activities, a propagandist in a field of knowledge that is significant for himself.
Literature.
- Derekleeva N.I. Research work at school. M., "Verbum-M", 2001.
- Development of research activities of students. Methodical collection. M.: Public education, 2001.
- Sergeev N.K. Features of the organization and content of research activities. M, 1993.
- School abstract (compiled by T.E. Zavodova). Mn.: Ed. LLC "Krasiko-Print", 2005.
These requirements have been developed with the participation of:
Kudryashova A.L., Associate Professor of the Department of Standardization and Engineering Graphics, NNGASU;
- Kudryashova KN, Senior Lecturer, Department of Standardization and Engineering Graphics, NNGASU;
Shmeleva A.P., Candidate of History, Associate Professor, Faculty of International Relations, UNN N.I. Lobachevsky;
Galaya Yu.G., Doctor of Law, Professor of the Higher School of Economics, Chairman of the Council of Curators of the city NOU "Evrika";
Alexandrova I.A., master of political sciences, teacher-organizer of the Children's Children's Theater named after V. P. Chkalov;
Pashkina S.Yu., member of the Union of Journalists of the Russian Federation, executive secretary of the city NOU "Evrika".
For the research work of a student, for its design, the same requirements are imposed as for any scientific article or report. It is necessary to adhere to the standards and rules developed over many years in the scientific literature.
The correct design of the final work speaks of the scientific and general culture of the young researcher, makes the work easy to read and evaluate.
1. Registration of work
Font – Times New Roman size 14 size;
Interval - one and a half;
Borders - top and bottom: 2 cm, left: 3 cm, right: 1.5 cm;
Page numbering must be mandatory. On the first page - the title page - the number is not put.
In the text, you need to set the word wrap function.
The design should be uniform throughout the work, that is, the used selection options in the text should be preserved in all sections of the work.
2. Requirements for the completeness of scientific work
Title page;
Introduction;
Conclusion;
List of used sources and literature;
Applications (if necessary);
Feedback from the supervisor.
2.1. Title page
It should contain the following information:
Where the work was done;
Topic name ( IT MUST REFLECT THE ESSENCE OF THE RESEARCH AND CORRECT TO THE PURPOSE. Options: "State Duma of 1917", "Pistil and stamen", "Culture Ancient Russia”,“ Stars ”, etc. cannot be the title of a scientific work);
Who performed;
Supervisor (teacher of what subject, academic degrees);
City and year of execution.
ATTENTION! The header on the title page must be mandatory. For participants in the school sections of the NOU, it is drawn up in accordance with the Charter of the school (lyceum, gymnasium)+ be sure to indicate that this is a scientific society of students. Design examples title pages in the application.
2.2. Content
Example:
| Content | |||
| Page | |||
| Introduction ................................................. ................................................. ................................................. ............................................... | 3 | ||
| CHAPTER 1 .. ...................................................................................................................................................... | 5 | ||
| 1.1 ....................................................................................................................................................... | 6 | ||
| 1.2...................................................................................................................................................... | 9 | ||
| CHAPTER 2......................................................................................................................................................... | 12 | ||
| 2.1...................................................................................................................................................... | 15 | ||
| 2.2...................................................................................................................................................... | 20 | ||
| Conclusion ................................................. ................................................. ................................................. ................................... | 22 | ||
|
List of usedsources and literature........................................................................................................................... |
24 | ||
| Applications ............................................... ................................................. ................................................. .................................... | 27 | ||
NOTE! After the introduction, it is NOT necessary to write “main content of the topic”, “main text”, etc.
After the words "introduction", "conclusion", "list of sources and references used", "appendices", as well as after the numbers indicating the numbering of chapters and subchapters, periods are not put.
On the content page, pages must be indicated (the beginning of each chapter and subchapter.)
2.3 Introduction
The introduction should contain a rationale for the relevance of the chosen topic and the purpose of the work. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to identify a number of tasks. Usually, the introduction contains a review of the literature on the problem of interest to the author. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of sources, which shows the level of understanding by the author of the chosen topic, the correctness of the goal setting.
The introduction should show how well the author knows the literature on his topic, whether he understood it correctly, whether he managed to clearly define the goal of the study and set tasks to achieve it.
2.4. Main text
Each chapter must begin with new page. However, this rule does not apply to subchapters.
Sections must be numbered in Arabic numerals. Subsections must be numbered, consisting of the section number and subsection, separated by a dot.
Example:
1. Section number.
Subsection number.
Number of the second subsection of the first section.
NOTE! Verbatim reproduction of any text in the form of a quotation, as well as borrowing from a source or scientific literature, without quoting, must be accompanied by a reference to the source of information and a footnote, in which it is necessary to provide those bibliographic information about the cited, considered or mentioned document that necessary for its identification and search. Footnotes should be page-by-page with the exact indication of the pages, with the first capital letter"FROM." with a dot, followed by pages.
A footnote is made as follows: the cursor is placed at the end of the borrowed text → at the top of the toolbar, press insert → select link → select a footnote in the link.
Example:
The Russian national idea is not just a set of dry phrases, with which the majority of the population agrees, it is “a spiritual justification for the destiny of the Russian people understandable to everyone and its very disclosure” 1 .
2.5. Conclusion
The conclusion reflects the conclusions obtained in each chapter. In general, the author should sum up the results of his research. The conclusion is only the author's analytics, without citations, footnotes and borrowings.
You can also indicate the main directions in which you should continue scientific work in the chosen direction.
2.6. List of used sources and literature
The list is compiled by category. First of all, the sources used in the study are described. Then literature (monographs, studies). Articles from periodicals, newspapers, collections, and reference publications (dictionaries) are described separately.
Be sure to indicate the place and year of publication of the book, as well as the number of pages.
NOTE that materials from the Internet can be in the sources section and in other sections of the list of sources and literature used.
Book descriptions must be in alphabetical order by author's last name. Numbering through the entire list.
An example of a list of used sources and literature.
List of used sources and literature:
I. Sources:
1. Berdyaev N. Russian idea, the Fate of Russia / N. Berdyaev // M., LLC: "V. Shevchuk Publishing House". - 2000. - 541 p.
2. Speech by the President Russian Federation Vladimir Putin at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation on January 26, 2001. Moscow // Embassy of the Russian Federation. Press service //http :// www. Czech. mid. ru/pressrel/290101_3. html
3. Dostoevsky F. Writer's Diary / F. Dostoevsky // http :// www. master. msk. ru/ library/ dostoevs/ dostdn13. html
4. Yeltsin B. Notes of the President / B. Yeltsin. - M.: Ogonyok, 1994. - 416 p.
5. Kireevsky, I. Criticism and aesthetics / I. Kireevsky. - 2nd ed., corrected. and additional - M.: Art, 1998. - 462 p.
6. The concept of foreign policy of the Russian Federation // International life. -2000. -#8-9. -FROM. 1-15.
7. Concept national security RF //http:// www. ipmb. ru/1_1. html
8. Primakov E. Mine field of politics / E. Primakov. - 3rd ed. - M.: Young Guard, 2007. - 362 p.
9. Stalin I. The national question and Leninism / I. Stalin //http :// www. chrono. ru/libris/stalin/11-10. html
10. Abstracts of the report of the Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation V. D. Zorkin at the conference on October 29, 2003 // The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation //http:// www. ksrf. ru/news/5. html
II. Research:
11. Foreign policy Russian Federation (1992-1999): Proc. allowance / Resp. ed. A. Torkunov. - M.: ROSSPEN, 2000. - 327 p.
12. Zenkovsky V. Russian thinkers and Europe. / V. Zenkovsky // Ed. P. Alekseeva. - M.: Respublika, 2005. - 368 p.
13. Ilyin V. Russia: the experience of the national-state ideology / V. Ilyin, A. Panarin, A. Ryabov; under. ed. V. Ilyin. - M.: Publishing house of Moscow State University, 1994. - 231 p.
14. Political Science: New Directions / Ed. R. Gudin and H.-D. Klingemann. - M.: Veche, 1999. - 816 p.
15. Storm of power / Per. with him. / Ed. V. Kiseleva. - M.: TERRA, 1997. - 191 p.
III. Articles:
16. Alekseeva T., Kapustin B. What are the ideological conditions of social consent in Russia? /T. Alekseeva, B. Kapustin // Polis. - 1997. - No. 3. - S. 42-56.
17. Danilin P. Parade of sovereignties - the third attempt? / P. Danilin / APN Kazakhstan. - 2007. - May 5 // http :// www. apn. kz/publications/article134. html
18. Ilyin M. Political self-determination of Russia / M. Ilyin // Pro e t Contra . - 1999. - V.4, No. 3. - S. 67-89.
19. Kazin A. The dynamics of power as a problem of civilization. Once again about the state vertical in Russia / A. Kazin // Political class. - 2007. -№27 //http :// www. politclass. ru/ cgi-bin/ issue. pl? id=735
20. Kalinina V., Kudryavtsev V. Guarantees of the state integrity of the Russian Federation: political and legal mechanisms / V. Kalinina, V. Kudryavtsev // Sots.-Humanitarian. knowledge. - 2004. - No. 1. - S. 49-63.
21. Konyushko S. Russian federalism: from the “parade of sovereignties” to the “vertical of power” / S. Konyushko // Vestnik Mosk. university - 2006. - Ser. 18, №4 Sociology and political science. - S. 5-17.
22. Chernyavsky S. Russian diplomacy in the Transcaucasus / S. Chernyavsky // Free Thought - XXI : theoret. and watered, magazine. - 2000. - No. 8. - S. 39-50.
IV . Reference publications:
23. Yeltsin's foreign policy // Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia // http :// www. ru. wikipedia. org/wiki / Yeltsin,_Boris_Nikolaevich
24. Parade of sovereignties // Dictionary of modern jargon of Russian politicians and journalists - words and expressions // hhtp://g808.ru/slovar. php? sRzd=263
25. Perskaya V. Foreign economic policy / V. Perskaya // New Russian encyclopedia. - M .: LLC Publishing house "Encyclopedia", 2007. - T. IV (1). - S. 68-69.
2.8Review of supervisor
The supervisor's review of the work should preferably be in printed form, but it can also be handwritten. In this case, the design should be on an A4 sheet and according to the following template:
Supervisor review on research work student(s).
Topic:............................................
Does the stated topic of the work correspond to its content;
Are the goals and objectives set correctly;
Are the findings consistent with them?
Is the practical applicability of this scientific work possible;
Does the quality of the paperwork comply with current rules and standards.
Scientific adviser: full name
Position, ranks, institution
Signature
Application
An example of the design of the title page of the work of the school section of the NOU, presented at the city conference of the NOU "Evrika":
The cap is drawn up in accordance with the form of the educational institution (Charter)
About "Requirements for the design of written work of students of the urban scientific society"
"Requirements for the design of written works of students of the city scientific society" is an official document prepared by a team of scientists - teachers of universities in Nizhny Novgorod - and teachers of the Palace of Children's Creativity. V.P. Chkalov. Since this is an official document, it is not discussed, but accepted for execution. The original text is distributed through district education departments. It can also be found on the Internet. The purpose of this webpage is not to discuss the "Design Requirements..." itself, but how to accomplish them. The quotes in quotation marks are from the original. It is possible that some tips on formatting text documents will be useful not only for schoolchildren.
"For the research work of a student, for its design, the same requirements are imposed as for any scientific article or report. . Everything is grown-up. Some school teachers do not understand this. Or they pretend not to understand. Children in the scientific community of students should not be. It is for girls and young people who have already grown up.
The requirements for formatting the text are as follows.
"Font - Times New Roman, size 14 pt." Font size in the program Microsoft Word or in another text editor now they can install everything. With the headset - Times New Roman - everything seems to be clear. But there is one subtlety. On the Internet, when designing texts, different fonts are usually used, for example, Arial, as on this page. It is softer, better perceived. Times New Roman - the font of official documents and books, more "hard", with notches and other differences.
What does this have to do with school work? Direct. Very large amounts of text are copied from the Internet. If the student read them, removed the superfluous, skillfully compiled the rest, presented, for example, in the theoretical part and put links to the primary sources - web pages, then there is no harm in this. And if the "author" of the work did not read the text at all? In fact, this is easily verified. The jury consists of experienced people who can easily distinguish the original development from someone else's. But if the "author" himself shouts into the loudspeaker with his design of the text: "I'm not the author, I copied from the Internet without reading it"? The conclusion here and below: the design adopted on the Internet should be changed to that adopted in printed works.. In order not to be dishonored at least in this.
"Interval - one and a half". I mean interline. It is set in the Paragraph dialog box in the Line spacing box. In versions of Microsoft Word-2003 and earlier (hereinafter - in the "early" Word) this dialog box is called through the main menu item Format. In later versions of Microsoft Word (hereinafter referred to as "late" Word), the same window is called up by pressing the arrow to the right of the word "Paragraph", which indicates a group of buttons on the ribbon when the "Home" tab is open.
"Borders - top and bottom: 2 cm; left - 3 cm; right - 1.5 cm". In "early" Word - menu item File - Page Setup - Margins. In "late" Word, you need to open the "Page Layout" tab on the ribbon, select the "Fields" button in the "Page Setup" group of buttons, select "Custom Fields" in the drop-down list, and set the required parameters in the dialog box that opens.
"Page numbering must be mandatory. No number is put on the title page." In the "early" Word menu item "Insert" - "Page Numbers". Disable the "Number on the first page" checkbox. In the "late" Word - the "Insert" tab - the "Headers and Footers" button group - the "Page Number" button.
"In the text, set the word wrap function". Here there is a difference in the design of LEU and in the design of student standard documents, namely diploma, term papers and all other works.
For KNOW! Transfers are being made! In "early" Word, the menu item "Tools" - "Hyphenation" - enable the checkbox "Hyphenation ..." In "late" Word - the "Page Layout" tab - the group of buttons "Page Setup" - in the list "Hyphenation" set "Automatically"
For student work! Transfers are not put! In the "early" Word, the menu item "Tools" - "Hyphenation" - disable the "Hyphenation ..." checkbox, if it is enabled. In the "late" Word - the "Page Layout" tab - the "Page Setup" button group - in the "Hyphenation" list, set "No". By default, that's how it is.
"The design should be uniform throughout the work, that is, the selection options used in the text (bold, italics, capital letters, etc.) must be preserved in all sections of the work.
A few more words about text formatting features in many Internet articles and how to change it when preparing a printed work.
Spacing after a paragraph in Internet formatting is usually set. It should not be in printed texts. In order to remove it, in the Paragraph dialog box, in the Interval after... box, set 0 pt.
Text alignment on the Internet, many set to the left, in printed works it is customary - in width. How to change - everyone knows.
Indent the first line of a paragraph ("Red line") in Internet texts is often missing. It is customary to do it in printed works. It is set in the "Paragraph" dialog box in the "Interline" box.
Line break.
On the Internet, the transition to the next paragraph is often specified not by the "End of Paragraph" command (closing part of the container tag), but by the "Line break" command (tag
). You may not know about tags when designing printed works, this is for Web developers. You need to pay attention to something else. It often happens that text copied from the Internet starts to behave strangely. The last word paragraph goes to the end of the line, and there is a long space before it.
You may not know about tags when designing printed works. You need to pay attention to something else. It often happens that the copied text starts to behave strangely. The last word of the paragraph goes to the end of the line, and there is a long space before it.
In order to eliminate this disgrace, it is necessary to remove from the text the non-printing (in normal mode - invisible) line break icon - an arrow with a rectangular turn to the left. You can see it if you turn on the visibility mode of non-printable characters. If someone does not know how to do this, you can simply put the cursor right after the "wrong" end of the paragraph and press "Delete". After that, when the next paragraph joins the processed paragraph, press "Enter".
The method is simpler - for the more "advanced". (This is always the case - the one who knows does a lot easier and faster than the one who does not know). It is necessary to perform the replacement operation using the menu item Edit - Replace.
In the dialog box that opens, you need to set "Format" - "Special characters", in the box "Find" select from the drop-down list: line break, in the box "Replace"- paragraph symbol and click the "Replace All" button. When working with large amounts of Internet text, this is easier and faster than fiddling with every paragraph.
Again. The described formatting techniques are not given in order to deceive the jury, the teacher or anyone else. These are methods of working with the design of scientific and other works. If the verifier - the jury, the teacher or someone else - is really interested in the origin of the text, then he will understand everything, regardless of the intervals after the paragraphs and everything else.
Some other useful methods of working with Microsoft Word on paperwork are given in the WRC (Graduation Thesis) section. This, hopefully, will be the participants of the NOU in the next 4-7 years. Standards in different universities are slightly different, but general rules layouts are the same. Approximately the same as in NOU. / The WRC registration section is temporarily disabled for technical reasons/
Requirements for the preparation of written works of students of the city NOU "Evrika"
For the research work of a student, for its design, the same requirements are imposed as for any scientific article or report. It is necessary to adhere to the standards and rules developed over many years in the scientific literature.
The correct design of the final work speaks of the scientific and general culture of the young researcher, makes the work easy to read and evaluate.
1. Registration of work.
Font - Times New Roman, size 14 pt;
Interval - one and a half;
Borders - top and bottom: 2 cm,
left: 3 cm,
right: 1.5 cm;
Page numbering must be mandatory. On the first page - the title page - the number is not put.
In the text, you need to set the word wrap function.
The design should be uniform throughout the work, that is, the used selection options in the text should be preserved in all sections of the work.
2. Requirements for the completeness of scientific work:
Title page;
Introduction;
Conclusion.
List of used sources and literature;
Application (if necessary);
Feedback from the supervisor.
2.1 Title page.
It should display the following information:
Where the work was done;
Title of the topic (IT SHOULD REFLECT THE ESSENCE OF THE RESEARCH AND CORRECT TO THE PURPOSE SET).
Options: "State Duma of 1917", "Pistil and stamen", "Culture of Ancient Russia", "Stars", etc. cannot be the title of a scientific work);
Who performed;
Scientific adviser (teacher of what subject, academic degrees);
City and year of execution.
ATTENTION! The header on the title page must be mandatory.
For participants in the school sections of the NOU, it is drawn up in accordance with
With the Charter of the school (lyceum, gymnasium) + be sure to indicate that this is a scientific society of students. Examples of title pages in the Appendix.
2.2 Content.
Example:
Introduction Page
Chapter 1................................................ ................................................. ........... 5
1.1........................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 2................................................... ................................................. .......... 9
2.1.......................................................................................................... 12
Conclusion 20
List of used sources and literature 22
Applications 24
NOTE!After the introduction, it is NOT necessary to write “main content of the topic”, “main text”, etc.
After the words "introduction", "conclusion", "list of sources and references used", "appendices", as well as after the numbers indicating the numbering of chapters and subchapters, periods are not put.
On the content page, pages must be indicated (the beginning of each chapter and subchapter.)
2.3 Introduction.
The introduction should contain a rationale for the relevance of the chosen topic and the purpose of the work. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to identify a number of tasks. Usually, the introduction contains a collection of literature on the problem of interest to the author.
Particular attention is paid to the analysis of sources, which shows the level of understanding by the author of the chosen topic, the correctness of the goal setting.
The introduction should show how well the author knows the literature on his topic, whether he understood it correctly, whether he managed to clearly define the goal of the study and set tasks to achieve it.
2.4 Main text.
Each chapter must start on a new page. However, this rule does not apply to subchapters.
Sections must be numbered in Arabic numerals.
Subsections must be numbered, consisting of the section number and subsection, separated by a dot.
Example:
Section number.
Subsection number.
Number of the second subsection of the first section.
NOTE!Verbatim reproduction of any text in the form of a quotation, as well as borrowing from a source or scientific literature, without quoting, must be accompanied by a reference to the source of information and a footnote, in which it is necessary to provide those bibliographic information about the cited, considered or mentioned document that necessary for its identification and search. Footnotes should be page-by-page, with exact page numbers, with a capital "S." with a dot, followed by pages.
A footnote is made as follows: the cursor is placed at the end of the borrowed text → at the top of the toolbar, press insert → select link → select a footnote in the link.
Example:
The Russian national idea is not just a set of dry phrases, with which the majority of the population agrees, it is "a spiritual justification for the destiny of the Russian people and its very disclosure, understandable to everyone."
Example: Or, on the contrary, will Russia, in search of ways out of the current state, social and economic crisis, mobilize its forces and draw motivation from its own tradition?
2.5 Conclusion.
The conclusion reflects the conclusions obtained in each chapter. In general, the author should sum up the results of his research.The conclusion is only the author's analytics, without citations, footnotes and borrowings.
You can also indicate the main directions in which it would be necessary to continue scientific work in the chosen direction.
2.6 List of used sources and literature.
Articles from periodicals, newspapers, collections, and reference publications (dictionaries) are described separately.
Be sure to indicate the place and year of publication of the book, as well as the number of pages.
NOTE,that materials from the Internet can be in the sources section and in other sections of the list of sources and literature used.
Book descriptions must be in alphabetical order by author's last name. Numbering through the entire list.
An example of a list of used literature sources.
Sources.
Berdyaev N. Russian idea, the fate of Russia / N. Berdyaev // M., OOO: "Publishing house V. Shevchuk". - 2000. - 541s.
Research:
1. Ilyin V. Russia: experience of national - state ideology / V. Ilyin, A. Panarin, A. Ryabov; under. ed.V. Ilyin - M .: MGU Publishing House, 1994. - 231s.
Articles:
Alekseeva T., Kapustin B. What are the ideological conditions of social consent in Russia? / T. Alekseeva, B. Kapustin // Polis. - 1997. - No. 3. - S. 42 - 56.
Reference publications:
Perskaya V. Foreign Economic Policy / V. Perskaya // New Russian Encyclopedia. - M .: LLC Publishing house "Encyclopedia", 2007. - T.IV (1). - C. 68 - 69.
Feedback from the supervisor.
The supervisor's review of the work should preferably be in printed form, but it can also be handwritten. In this case, the design should be on a sheet of A4 format and according to the following template:
Supervisor review
for the research work of the student (tsy)…………………………………
Topic:…………………………………………………………………..
Does the stated topic of the work correspond to its content;
Are the goals and objectives set correctly;
Are the findings consistent with them?
Is the practical applicability of this scientific work possible;
Does the quality of the paperwork comply with current rules and standards.
Scientific adviser: Full name
Position, ranks, institution