Any person gets acquainted and comprehends the surrounding reality through the means of cognition: attention, sensations, perception, thinking, imagination and memory. Each subject somehow reacts to ongoing events, feels some emotions, experiences feelings towards certain objects, people, phenomena. The subjective attitude to situations, facts, objects, persons is reflected in the consciousness of the individual in the form of experiences. Such relationships experienced in the inner world are called "emotional state". This is a psychophysiological process that motivates a person to perform some actions, regulates his behavior, affects thinking.

In the scientific community, there is no single universal definition that explains exactly what an emotional phenomenon is. The emotional state is a generalizing concept for all relationships experienced by a person that have arisen in the course of his life. Satisfaction of the requirements and requests of a person, as well as the dissatisfaction of the needs of the individual, gives rise to a variety of emotional states.

What is cognitive therapy and how does it work?

Experiments in hypnosis: hypnotic phenomena in deep hypnosis (somnambulism). Hypnosis training

Types and characteristics of emotional states

In domestic science, emotional processes are classified into separate types, each of which is endowed with its own characteristics and characteristics.

The emotional world of a person is represented by five components:

• emotions;
• affects;
• feelings;
• sentiments;
• stress.

All of the above components of the emotional sphere of a person are one of the main regulators of the subject's behavior, act as a source of knowledge of reality, express and determine the variety of options for interaction between people. It should be noted that the same emotional process can last from a few seconds to several hours. Moreover, each type of experience can be expressed with minimal force or be very intense.

Consider all the elements of the sphere of emotions and feelings in more detail.

Emotions

Emotion is the experience of the subject at a specific moment of his life, conveying personal assessment of an ongoing event, informing about his attitude to the real situation, to the phenomena of the inner world and the events of the external environment. Human emotions arise instantly and can change very quickly. Most significant characteristic emotions is their subjectivity.

Like all others mental processes, all types of emotional states are the result of the active work of the brain. The trigger mechanism for the emergence of emotions is the changes that are currently taking place in the surrounding reality. The more important and significant the ongoing changes are for the subject, the more acute and vivid will be the emotion experienced by him.

When an emotion occurs, a temporary focus of excitation is formed in the cerebral cortex and further in the subcortical centers - clusters of nerve cells located under the cerebral cortex. It is in these segments of the brain that the main departments of the regulation of the physiological activity of the body are located. That is why the occurrence of such a focus of excitation leads to an increase in the activity of internal organs and systems. Which, in turn, finds a noticeable external reflection.

Let's illustrate with examples. We blush with shame. We turn pale with fear, and our heart stops. The heart aches from sadness. From excitement we suffocate, we often and irregularly take breaths and exhalations.

Emotions are also characterized by valence (orientation). They can be positive or negative. It should be noted that in almost all people in a normal state, the number of emotions of a negative tone significantly exceeds the number of experiences of a positive color. In the course of research, it was found that the left hemisphere is more a source of positive emotions, and the right hemisphere is more supportive of negative experiences.

In all types of emotional states, their polarity is traced, that is, the presence of emotions with a “plus” sign and with a “minus” sign. For example: pride - annoyance; joy is grief. There are also neutral emotions, for example: astonishment. This does not mean that the two polar emotions are mutually exclusive. In the complex feelings of a person, a combination of conflicting emotions is often found.

Emotions also differ in intensity - their strength. For example: anger, anger and rage are essentially identical experiences, but they manifest themselves with different strengths.

Emotions are also classified into two types: sthenic (active) and asthenic (passive). Active experiences motivate and encourage a person to perform actions, passive emotions relax and deprive of energy. For example: for joy we are ready to move mountains, but for fear our legs give way.

Another feature of emotions is the fact that although they are perceived by a person as experiences, it is impossible in the waking state to influence their occurrence. All emotional states originate in the deep repositories of the psyche - the subconscious. Access to the resources of the subconscious sphere is possible with a temporary change in consciousness, achieved through hypnosis.

affects

The second type of emotional states is affects. This is a short-term state, which is characterized by a special intensity and expressiveness of experiences. Affect is a psycho-physiological process that rapidly takes possession of the subject and proceeds very expressively. It is characterized by significant changes in consciousness and a violation of the control of the individual over his behavior, loss of self-control.

The affect is accompanied by pronounced external manifestations and an active functional restructuring of the work of internal systems. A feature of this variety of emotional states is the binding to the situation of the present. Affect always arises in response to an already existing state of affairs, that is, it cannot be oriented towards the future and reflect the experiences of the past.

Affect can develop for various reasons. A stormy emotional process can be caused by a single psychotraumatic factor, a long stressful situation, a serious human disease. Examples of affective states are the following states. Excitement when a favorite team wins, experienced by a passionate fan. The anger that arose at the discovery of the betrayal of a loved one. Panic that seized a person during a fire. The euphoria that a scientist had during the discovery after years of hard work.

In its development, affect goes through successively several stages, which are characterized by their own characteristics and experiences. In the initial phase, a person thinks exclusively about the subject of his experiences, involuntarily distracted from other more important phenomena. The usual picture of the start of an affective state is represented by energetic and expressive movements. Tears, heart-rending sobs, loud laughter, ridiculous cries - character traits affective experiences.

From strong nervous tension the pulse and respiratory function change, motor skills of movements are disturbed. The intense action of stimuli that excite cortical structures above their inherent limit of performance leads to the development of transcendental (protective) inhibition. This phenomenon causes disorganization of human thinking: the subject experiences a persistent need to succumb to the experienced emotion.

At this moment of an affective state, any individual can take measures so as not to lose control over himself and slow down the development of a cascade of destructive reactions. It is precisely this phenomenon that hypnosis has an effect on: in a state of hypnotic trance, settings are implanted into the subconscious of a person that allow, on an instinctive level, to prevent the growth of affect at a moment of crisis. That is, as a result of suggestion during hypnosis, a person, without knowing it at a conscious level, acquires the required skills to inhibit the development of a negative emotional state.

If, nevertheless, the subsequent stage of affect has come, then the subject completely loses self-control and the ability to control behavior. He commits reckless acts, performs useless actions, says ridiculous phrases. It should be noted that it is difficult for a person to recall such manifestations of an affective outburst in the future. This situation arises due to the fact that after excessive excitation of the cortical structures, inhibition occurs, which interrupts the established systems of temporary connections.

However, information about behavior during an affective outburst is firmly deposited in the subconscious sphere, reminding of itself with fuzzy and vague feelings of shame for the accomplished deeds. Such sensations that are not completely recognizable over time become the culprits of depressive states, because a person intuitively feels guilty, without realizing what he was guilty of. To recognize the factors moved to the subconscious during an affective outbreak, a purposeful temporary shutdown of consciousness is necessary through.

Summing up the information, it is necessary to point out: affect in itself is neither bad nor good. Its tone and consequences depend on what experiences a person experiences - positive or negative, and how much he controls himself in this emotional state.

The difference between hypnosis and other "states"

The senses

The third type of emotional states is feelings. These are more stable psycho-emotional states in comparison with emotions and affect. Feelings are manifestations of the subjective attitude of the individual to real facts or abstract objects, certain things or generalized concepts. Moreover, such an assessment is almost always unconscious. The origin and affirmation of feelings is the process of forming a stable attitude of a person to some object or phenomenon, which is based on the individual's experience of interacting with such an object.

The peculiarity of feelings - unlike emotions, they are more or less permanent, this is an ingrained personality trait. Emotion, at the same time, is a fleeting experience of a given situation. Let's take an example. Feeling is a person's love for music. Being at a good concert with excellent performance of music, he experiences active positive emotions - interest and joy. However, when the same person is faced with a disgusting performance of a work, he feels passive negative emotions - grief and disgust.

Feelings are directly related to the personality trait, they reflect a person's attitude to life, his worldview, beliefs, views. Feeling is a variety of emotional states that is complex in its structure. Let's take an example. The feeling of envy is essentially a person's feelings about the success of another person. Envy is a combination of several emotions combined together: anger, resentment, contempt.

In addition to valence (color), there is another feature of this species - the intensity of feelings. The stronger and deeper the feeling of a person, the more pronounced its external (physiological) manifestations, the more significant its influence on the behavior of the subject.

All negative feelings perform extremely destructive functions, forming painful thinking and leading to non-functional behavior. Such negative emotional states, rooted in the subconscious of a person, not only interfere with the normal interaction of a person in society, but also become the cause of psychopathological disorders.

Let's take envy as an example. Envy turns someone else's luck into an inferiority complex, another person's happiness into a feeling of their own worthlessness and uselessness. Envy is an energy vampire that forces a person to spend their time, strength, energy endlessly tracking the successes and achievements of another person. This feeling makes a person begin to perform active actions, forcing gossip, slander, intrigues, intrigues, and often the use of physical force. As a result, the subject finds himself at a broken trough when he does not have the strength to act, and there are no friends who can support him. The onset of depression in such a situation is a natural step taken by the "wise" subconscious, indicating that the subject needs to stop, reconsider his worldview and choose a different style of behavior.

In addition to sthenic feelings that motivate the subject to action, there are also asthenic experiences. This is the emotional state that paralyzes the will of a person and deprives him of strength. An example of a passive feeling is despair, which underlies depressive states.

Feelings can be called an intermediate link between an intense emotion experienced in relation to some object or situation, and a neurotic or psychotic disorder. And in order to solve the problem of man, it is necessary to break this vicious chain. This requires gaining access to the repositories of the subconscious, which requires the temporary removal of conscious censorship through hypnosis. Only by establishing the initial factor that served to form a negative feeling can the obvious problem of a person be eliminated.

Moods

Mood is a rather long-term emotional state that colors all the experiences of a person and influences his behavior. Features of mood - lack of accountability, insignificance of severity, relative stability. If the mood acquires significant intensity, then it has a significant impact on the mental activity of a person, the productivity of his work. For example, if a person is in a dreary mood, then it is very difficult for her to focus on the task being performed and it is problematic to bring the work she has started to the end.

Frequent changes in emotional states, called mood lability, suggest that the subject has affective disorders. The rapid change between an episode of blues and a state of mania can be a sign of bipolar depression.

Another feature of this emotional state is the lack of attachment to any particular object. Mood expresses the general attitude of the individual to the current state of affairs as a whole.

How is a person's mood formed? This kind of emotional state can have very different sources: both recent events and very distant situations. The main factor influencing the mood of a person is his satisfaction or dissatisfaction with life in general, or with some individual phenomena. Despite the fact that the mood of the individual always depends on certain reasons, the sources of the present emotional state are not always clear and understandable to the individual. For example, a person indicates that she is in a bad mood, something oppresses and worries her. However, she cannot independently establish the relationship between her bad mood and her unfulfilled promise made a month ago.

To prevent mental anomalies, everyone should understand the reasons for the change in his mood. In order to avoid depression and other problems, it is necessary to identify and eliminate objectively existing factors that affect the emotional state of a person. This step is conveniently and expediently performed by applying hypnosis techniques. A feature of hypnosis is its painlessness and comfort: the establishment and correction of any psychological defects occurs in a "harmless" mode, when the subject's psyche does not receive unnecessary traumas characteristic of psychotherapeutic effects.

stress

The term "stress" is used to denote special experiences of feelings that are similar in their characteristics to affect and similar in their duration to moods. The causes of stress are varied. A single intense extreme exposure to external factors can cause a stressful state. Long-acting monotonous situations in which the individual feels threatened or offended can also lead to stress. For example, a woman, due to circumstances, is forced to share housing with an alcoholic spouse, with whom she is connected both by common children and jointly “earned” debts. It is impossible to radically change the situation at one moment, and the lady does not have the necessary internal forces for this. So she pulls her miserable burden, experiencing a lot of negative emotions every day. Lack of prospects for improving the situation, the impossibility of restoring the old family relations act as a breeding ground for stress.

The most general emotional state that colors all human behavior for a long time is called mood. It is very diverse and can be joyful or sad, cheerful or depressed, cheerful or depressed, calm or irritated, etc. Mood is an emotional reaction not to the direct consequences of certain events, but to their significance for a person's life in the context of his general life plans, interests and expectations.

Affect

S. L. Rubinshtein noted the peculiarities of mood in that it is not objective, but personal, and in that the most powerful emotional reaction is affect.

Affect(from Latin affectuctus - “mental excitement”) - a strong and relatively short-term emotional state associated with a sharp change in important life circumstances for the subject and accompanied by pronounced motor manifestations and a change in the functions of internal organs.

Affect completely captures the human psyche. This entails a narrowing, and sometimes even a shutdown of consciousness, changes in thinking and, as a result, inappropriate behavior. For example, with intense anger, many people lose the ability to constructively resolve conflicts. Their anger turns into aggression. A person screams, blushes, swings his arms, can hit the enemy.

The affect arises sharply, suddenly in the form of a flash, a rush. It is very difficult to manage and cope with this condition. Any feeling can be experienced in an affective form.

Affects have a negative impact on human activity, sharply reducing the level of its organization. In an affect, a person, as it were, loses his head, his actions are unreasonable, performed without regard to the situation. If objects that are not related to the cause of the affect fall into the sphere of a person’s actions, he can throw the thing that has come across in a rage, push a chair, slam on the ceiling. Losing power over himself, a person surrenders entirely to experience.

It would be wrong to think that affect is completely uncontrollable. Despite the apparent suddenness, affect has certain stages of development. And if at the final stages, when a person completely loses control over himself, it is almost impossible to stop, then at the beginning any normal person can do it. It certainly takes a lot of willpower. Here the most important thing is to delay the onset of affect, to “extinguish” the affective outburst, to restrain oneself, not to lose power over one’s behavior.

Stress

• Main article: Stress

Another vast area of ​​human states is united by the concept of stress.

Under stress(from the English stress - “pressure”, “stress”) understand the emotional state that occurs in response to all sorts of extreme influences.

Not a single person manages to live and work without experiencing stress. Everyone experiences severe life losses, failures, trials, conflicts, stress when performing hard or responsible work from time to time. Some people deal with stress more easily than others; are stress-resistant.

An emotional state close to stress is the syndrome “ emotional burnout ". This condition occurs in a person if, in a situation of mental or physical stress, he experiences negative emotions for a long time. At the same time, he can neither change the situation nor cope with negative emotions. Emotional burnout is manifested in a decrease in the general emotional background, indifference, avoidance of responsibility, negativism or cynicism towards other people, loss of interest in professional success, limiting one's capabilities. As a rule, the causes of emotional burnout are the monotony and monotony of work, lack of career growth, professional mismatch, age-related changes and socio-psychological maladaptation. Internal conditions for the occurrence of emotional burnout can be character accentuations of a certain type, high anxiety, aggressiveness, conformity, and an inadequate level of claims. Emotional burnout hinders professional and personal growth and, like stress, leads to psychosomatic disorders.

frustration

Close in its manifestations to stress is the emotional state of frustration.

frustration(from Latin frustration - “deceit”, “disorder”, “destruction of plans”) - a person’s condition caused by objectively insurmountable (or subjectively perceived so) difficulties that arise on the way to achieving the goal.

Frustration is accompanied by a whole range of negative emotions that can destroy consciousness and activity. In a state of frustration, a person can show anger, depression, external and internal aggression.

For example, when performing any activity, a person fails, which causes negative emotions in him - grief, dissatisfaction with himself. If in such a situation the surrounding people support, help correct mistakes, the experienced emotions will remain only an episode in a person’s life. If failures are repeated, and significant people when reproached, shamed, called incapable or lazy, this person usually develops an emotional state of frustration.

The level of frustration depends on the strength and intensity of the influencing factor, the state of the person and the forms of response he has developed to life's difficulties. Especially often the source of frustration is a negative social assessment that affects significant relationships of the individual. The stability (tolerance) of a person to frustrating factors depends on the degree of his emotional excitability, type of temperament, experience of interaction with such factors.

Passion is a special form of emotional experience. In terms of intensity of emotional excitement, passion approaches affect, and in terms of duration and stability, it resembles mood. What is the nature of passion? Passion is a strong, persistent, all-encompassing feeling that determines the direction of a person’s thoughts and actions. The reasons for the emergence of passion are varied - they can be determined by conscious beliefs, they can come from bodily desires or have a pathological origin. In any case, passion is related to our needs and other personality traits. Passion, as a rule, is selective and subjective. For example, a passion for music, for collecting, for knowledge, etc.

Passion captures all the thoughts of a person, in which all the circumstances associated with the object of passion revolve, which represents and ponders the ways to achieve the need. What is not connected with the object of passion seems to be secondary, not important. For example, some scientists who are passionately working on a discovery do not attach importance to their appearance, often forgetting about sleep and food.

The most important characteristic of passion is its connection with the will. Since passion is one of the significant motivations for activity, because it has great power. In reality, the assessment of the significance of passion is twofold. Public opinion plays an important role in the assessment. For example, a passion for money, for hoarding is condemned by some people as greed, acquisitiveness, while at the same time within the framework of another social group it can be considered as frugality, prudence.

Psychological self-regulation: affect, stress, emotional burnout, frustration, passion

The inability to regulate one's emotional states, cope with affects and stresses is an obstacle to effective professional activity, violates interpersonal relationships at work and in the family, interferes with the achievement of goals and the implementation of intentions, violates human health.

There are special techniques that help to cope with a strong emotion and prevent it from turning into an affect. To do this, it is recommended to notice and realize an unwanted emotion in time, analyze its origins, relieve muscle tension and relax, breathe deeply and rhythmically, attract a pre-prepared “duty image” of a pleasant event in your life, try to look at yourself from the outside. The affect can be prevented, but this requires endurance, self-control, special training, and a culture of interpersonal relationships.

The means of preventing emotional burnout are the optimization of working conditions and psychological correction in the early stages of emotional disorders.

The stress factor also matters. Prolonged exposure to stress is especially dangerous. It has been noticed, for example, that for 10-15 years of work in extreme conditions, the human body wears out as if it had experienced a severe heart attack. And, on the contrary, short-term strong stress activates a person, as if “shakes” him.

So, you need to remember the following:

• You should not strive, at all costs to avoid stress and be afraid of it. It is paradoxical, but true: the more you try to live and work “always measured and calm”, the more stress will destroy you. After all, instead of gradually and patiently gaining experience in self-management in stress, you will “run away” from it.

You can compare the methods of effective stress management with the actions of an experienced climber. If a person, seized with fear, turns his back on an avalanche and runs away from it, it will overtake him and destroy him. It is necessary to meet the danger face to face in order to know how to defend against it.

• In order to manage your stress, you need to use its beneficial features and exclude harmful ones.

• With constructive stress, the accumulated dissatisfaction of people with each other is discharged, an important problem is solved and mutual understanding between people improves.
• With destructive stress, relationships deteriorate sharply to a complete break, the problem remains unresolved, people experience severe feelings of guilt and hopelessness.

The most successful, both in the profession and in personal life, are people who have learned to control themselves, who have a developed psychotechnics of personal self-regulation. They know their strengths and weaknesses, they know how to restrain themselves, show patience, slow down their internal “explosions”.

People with developed personal psychotechnics implement four main actions:

• Action one: they do not blame anyone: neither themselves nor others. They do not suffer from “remorse of conscience” and do not “dump” their stressful energy on others.
• Action two: they strive to master themselves at the first stage of development of stress, when self-control is still preserved and the “stress element” has not completely captured. They strive to stop themselves in time. One leading specialist of a large commercial bank put it this way: “It is important not to hit point B.”
• Action three: they study themselves. People with developed self-regulation are well aware of how a stressful state begins to develop in them. In other words, they realize in time the change in their inner self-perception at the first stage of stress development.
• Step four and most important. People with developed self-regulation intuitively find the optimal strategy in stress. Those who successfully master stress are those who understand that “dumping” dark stressful energy on others is uncivilized and in a certain sense unprofitable. There is a loss of necessary business connections, personal relationships are destroyed. They also understand that directing destructive stressful energy at themselves, blaming themselves for their mistakes, is not constructive. Indeed, what changes from this? The matter is still standing, and the problem is not solved.

To relieve emotional stress, you need:

• correctly assess the significance of events;
• in case of defeat, act according to the principle “it didn’t hurt, and I wanted to”;
• increase physical activity(many women start doing laundry or other heavy housework);
• form a new dominant, i.e. get distracted;
• speak out, cry out;
• listen to music;
• cause a smile, laughter, humor is necessary for the fact that
• to perceive as comic what claims to be serious;
• implement relaxation.

Throughout the centuries-old history, the study of emotional states has received the closest attention, they have been assigned one of the central roles among the forces that determine the inner life and actions of a person.

The development of approaches to the study of emotional states was carried out by such psychologists as W. Wundt, V. K. Vilyunas, W. James, W. McDougall, F. Kruger.

W. Wundt

V.K.Vilyunas

W. McDougall

Teachings about feelings or emotions is the most undeveloped chapter in psychology. This is the side of human behavior that is more difficult to describe and classify, and also to explain by some kind of laws.

In modern psychological science distinguish the following types and forms of experiencing feelings:

• Moral.
• Intelligent.
• Aesthetic.
• Subject.

moral feelings- these are feelings in which a person's attitude to the behavior of people and to his own is manifested. Moral feelings are alienation and affection, love and hatred, gratitude and ingratitude, respect and contempt, sympathy and antipathy, a sense of respect and contempt, a sense of camaraderie and friendship, patriotism and collectivism, a sense of duty and conscience. These feelings are generated by the system human relations and aesthetic norms governing these relationships.

Intellectual Feelings arise in the process of mental activity and are associated with cognitive processes. It is the joy of searching when solving a problem or a heavy feeling of dissatisfaction when it is not possible to solve it. Intellectual feelings also include the following: curiosity, curiosity, surprise, confidence in the correctness of the solution of the problem and doubt in case of failure, a sense of the new.

aesthetic feelings- this is a feeling of beauty or, on the contrary, ugly, rude; a feeling of greatness or, conversely, meanness, vulgarity.

Object feelings- feelings of irony, humor, a sense of the sublime, tragic.

Attempts to give more universal classifications of emotions were made by many scientists, but each of them put forward for this own foundation. So, T. Brown put the sign of time as the basis for classification, dividing emotions into immediate, that is, manifested "here and now", retrospective and prospective. Reed built a classification based on the relationship to the source of the action. I. Dodonov in 1978 notes that it is impossible to create a universal classification in general, therefore a classification suitable for solving one range of problems turns out to be ineffective for solving another range of problems

Emotions - (French emotion, from Latin emoveo - shake, excite) - a class of mental states and processes that express in the form of direct biased experience the meaning of reflected objects and situations for meeting the needs of a living being.

Emotion is a general, generalized reaction of the body to vital influences.

The class of emotions includes moods, feelings, affects, passions, stresses. These are the so-called "pure" emotions. They are included in all mental processes and human states. Any manifestations of his activity are accompanied by emotional experiences.

Of greatest importance is the division of emotions into higher and lower.

Higher (complex) emotions arise in connection with the satisfaction of social needs. They appeared as a result of social relations, labor activity. Lower emotions are associated with unconditioned reflex activity, based on instincts and being their expression (emotions of hunger, thirst, fear, selfishness).

Of course, since a person is an inseparable whole, the state of the emotional body directly affects all other bodies, including the physical one.

In addition, emotional states (more precisely, the states of the emotional body) can be caused not only by emotions. Emotions are pretty fleeting. There is an impulse - there is a reaction. There is no impulse - and the reaction disappears.

Emotional states are much more permanent. The reason for the current state may disappear long ago, but the emotional state remains and sometimes lingers for a long time. Of course, emotions and emotional states are inextricably linked: emotions change emotional states. But emotional states also affect emotional reactions, and in addition affect thinking (i.e. the mind). In addition, feelings contribute: they also change the emotional state. And since people often confuse where feelings are and where emotions are, then a simple process in general turns into something difficult to understand. Rather, this is not difficult to understand - it is difficult to put it into practice without preparation, and therefore (including therefore) people sometimes have difficulties with managing their emotions and emotional states.

It is possible to suppress an emotional state by an effort of will - this is the very suppression that is harmful, according to psychologists, all the more harmful both for a person and as a parent. You can switch yourself: artificially evoke in yourself (or attract from outside) some other impulse - react to it in some previously known way - a new emotion will add its stream and lead to a different emotional state. You can do nothing at all, but focus on living the current emotional state (this approach is mentioned in Buddhism and Tantra). This is nothing new, and we learn to suppress emotional states from childhood, considering this process the control of emotions ... but this is not true. Still, this is the control of emotional states, and with its help it is impossible to control emotions themselves.

And this is where the confusion appears: a person thinks that he is trying to control emotions - but he does not work with emotions. In reality, a person is trying to work with the consequences of emotions; but since he does not touch on the causes of his emotional state, his attempts will certainly be ineffective (of course, if he does not work with himself and in terms of choosing emotions) - in terms of emotional states, the difficulty is that our current state is the result of several different reasons at once , diverse reasons. Therefore, it is difficult to choose an intelligent method of self-regulation (especially if only emotions are taken into account and other areas of the psyche are not taken into account). However, it seems that with a sufficiently developed will, it is easier to work with one's own emotional states. Well, you should not lose sight of the fact that the causes from the sphere of feelings are weakly amenable to control and observation, at least at first.

Thus, there are a great many approaches to the classification and definition of emotions, emotions accompany all manifestations of the body's vital activity and perform important functions in the regulation of human behavior and activities:

· signaling function(signal about a possible development of events, a positive or negative outcome)

· estimated(assesses the degree of usefulness or harmfulness to the body)

· regulating(based on the received signals and emotional assessments, he chooses and implements ways of behavior and actions)

· mobilizing and disorganizing

adaptive the function of emotions is their participation in the process of learning and gaining experience.

The main emotional states distinguished in psychology:

1) Joy (satisfaction, fun)

2) Sadness (apathy, sadness, depression)

3) Fear (anxiety, fear)

4) Anger (aggression, anger)

5) Surprise (curiosity)

6) Disgust (contempt, disgust).

Positive emotions arising as a result of the interaction of the organism with the environment contribute to the consolidation of useful skills and actions, while negative ones force one to evade harmful factors.

What emotions and emotional state are you experiencing lately?

21. Emotional states In psychology, a number of basic emotional states are distinguished

1. Joy. This is an emotional state that has a bright positive coloring. It is associated with the ability to fully satisfy the current current need in conditions where the probability of this is up to this moment was small, or at least uncertain. Joy refers to sthenic emotions.

2. Suffering. Negative emotional state, which is the opposite of joy. Suffering arises when it is impossible to satisfy an actual need or when information about it is received, provided that until now the satisfaction of this need seemed quite probable. Emotional stress often takes the form of suffering. Suffering is an asthenic emotion.

3. Anger. negative emotional state. Most often occurs in the form of affect. It is caused, as a rule, by the emergence of an unforeseen serious obstacle to the satisfaction of an extremely important need for the subject. Unlike suffering, anger has a sthenic character - it allows you to mobilize all your strength to overcome obstacles.

4. Fear. negative emotional state. It occurs when there is a real, perceived or imagined threat to the life, health, well-being of the subject. Unlike the emotion of suffering, caused by the real lack of the possibility of satisfying a need, the experience of fear is associated only with a probabilistic forecast of possible damage. Has an asthenic character.

5. Interest. Positive emotional state cognitive activity: development of skills and abilities, acquisition of knowledge. Interest motivates learning. This is a sthenic emotion.

6. Surprise. This emotion is neutral in sign. It is a reaction to a sudden situation or object in the absence of information about the nature this object or situations.

7. Disgust. negative emotional state. It arises in case of contact with objects that cause a sharply negative attitude of the subject at any of the levels - physical, moral, aesthetic, spiritual.

8. Contempt. negative emotional state. Arises in interpersonal relationships, i.e., only another person or group of people can be the object of contempt. This emotional state is the result of views, attitudes, forms of behavior of the object that are unacceptable for the subject, regarded by the subject as unworthy, base, not corresponding to his ideas about moral norms and aesthetic criteria.

9. Shame. negative emotional state. It arises when the subject realizes his own inconsistency with the situation, the expectations of others, as well as the inconsistency of his thoughts, actions, forms of behavior with his own moral and aesthetic standards.

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From the book Turbo-Gopher. How to stop fucking your brain and start living author Leushkin Dmitry

Processing Emotional States The next important part of Phase 1 is working with the scale of emotions. You have to process with the help of "Process this" a list of emotions and emotional states, which is based on the so-called emotional scale "AGFLAP-CAP" Lester

From the book Psychotechnologies of Altered States of Consciousness author Kozlov Vladimir Vasilievich

From the book Practical Intuition in Love by Day Laura

Chapter 1. Development of a state of love from a state of pleasure Let's go back: remember the first exercise. Remember the exercise suggested at the very beginning of the book? Perhaps when you first started doing it, it seemed too simple to you. What could be easier -

From the book How to communicate usefully and enjoy it author Gummesson Elizabeth

Emotional States Caused by Unsatisfied Needs Anger. Anger is not a feeling that can be brushed aside, it sweeps over like a wave. Anger often masks other emotions, it can hide sadness, disappointment, fatigue, melancholy,

From the book Psychology of Communication. encyclopedic Dictionary author Team of authors

15.6. Diagnosis of emotional states and their manifestations in communication The test "Business situations" is pictorial. Modified by N. G. Khitrova. The test is a modification of the associative drawing test by S. Rosenzweig. The author has created a typology of reactions to frustration, which is included in

From the book Psychology: Cheat Sheet author author unknown

From the book Psychology and Pedagogy: Cheat Sheet author author unknown

From the FAQ book author Protopopov Anatoly

From the book Quantum Mind [The Line Between Physics and Psychology] author Mindell Arnold

From the book Age Pedagogy and Psychology author Sklyarova T. V.

II. Brief description of the main age periodization schemes used in pedagogy and psychology Before proceeding to this section, we will make two reservations.