The personality traits that are manifested in communication (communicative qualities) are described much more fully, especially in connection with studies of socio-psychological training (Petrovskaya, 1982). However, there are still quite large research reserves in this area. In particular, they consist in translating into the language of social psychology certain results of the study of personality obtained in general psychology, and in correlating with them certain special mechanisms of the perceptual process. The following are examples.
Perceptual defense mechanism. Being a kind of psychological defense, perceptual defense is one of the manifestations of the subject's interaction with the environment and is a way to protect a person from traumatic experiences, to protect from the perception of a threatening stimulus. In social psychology, during the period when J. Bruner developed the ideas of the New Look, the concept of perceptual defense was included in the problematics of social perception, in particular, in the problematics of the perception of a person by a person. Although the experimental data obtained in general psychology regarding the subconscious attempts of the subject of perception to “circumvent” the stimulus that poses a threat were criticized, the idea was preserved in a modified form: as recognition of the role of motivation in the processes of social perception. In other words, in social psychology, perceptual defense can be considered as an attempt to ignore some features of another person during perception and thereby, as it were, build a barrier to his influence. Such a barrier can be built in relation to the entire group. In particular, another phenomenon described in social psychology, the so-called belief in a just world, can serve as a mechanism of perceptual defense. Opened by M. Lerner, this phenomenon consists in the fact that a person tends to believe in the existence of a correspondence between what he does and what rewards or punishments follow. This seems to be fair. Accordingly, it is difficult for a person to believe in injustice; that something unpleasant can happen to him without any "guilt" on his part. A meeting with injustice turns on the mechanism of perceptual defense: a person is fenced off from information that destroys faith in a "fair world". The perception of another person is, as it were, built into this belief: anyone who threatens it is either not perceived at all, or is perceived selectively (the subject of perception sees in him only features that confirm the stability and “correctness” of the surrounding world and closes himself from the perception of other features). The situation in the group can be either favorable or unfavorable for belief in a “just world”, and within each of these alternatives, expectations from the perception of group members will be formed differently. The peculiar form of perceptual defense that has arisen in this way also affects the nature of communication and interaction in the group.
The perceptual threshold is closely related to the level of brain activation. In an awake and attentive individual, it may be lowered to facilitate the receipt and decoding of signals. But it can be increased during falling asleep or in some other states of consciousness, when the flow of information is filtered and perception is weakened.
In addition, the brain - and we observed this - even in a fully awake person is apparently capable of changing the threshold at any moment: it all depends on whether the information received is important to it or not. This is what happens when messages come in from the outside, the emotional charge of which is difficult to bear (McGinnies, 1949). It has been noted that the word is a taboo relating to sex, for example the word vagina 1, momentarily presented in written form with the help of a tachistoscope, was more difficult to recognize than frequently used words like vague 2 or matin 3, although they have the same number of letters and their general structure is similar. To learn an ordinary short word, on average, a tenth of a second is enough, but for a taboo word, it is necessary to double, and sometimes triple this time.
Some authors have questioned the existence of such a perceptual defense from words deemed inappropriate. They believe that some words are simply less common, and therefore more difficult to perceive, than others, more "running". This could also apply to words that are very common in spoken language, but rarely used in written speech. But how then to explain the obvious emotional reaction registered with the help of a polygraph in those cases when the subjects find it difficult to read the word-taboo. Indeed, droplets of sweat may appear on the subject's skin and the heart rate may increase even when the strength of the visual stimulus was significantly below the threshold of perception. According to some critics, this simply proves that a taboo word, even a learned one, is always difficult to pronounce aloud in the presence of strangers, especially if one is not sure of the correct reading. But how then to explain the fact that in some subjects these and precisely these words are recognized much earlier than others (even when the stimulus is below the threshold of perception), which already clearly indicates the presence of some kind of mechanism perceptual vigilance.
1 Vagina (fr.).
2 Unclear (fr.).
3 Morning (fr.).
matin(eng) poet. matin
matin pl church (for) matins
Our perception of the world 199
Explanations of such phenomena are based on the idea already formulated by Freud that there is some kind of censorship at the level of consciousness that prevents certain socially unacceptable images or desires from crossing the threshold of perception. Our current, as yet incomplete, knowledge of the functioning of the brain allows us to put forward a number of hypotheses on this score.
One of them concerns the first level of memory - sensory memory. This is a mechanism by which signals are stored for a very short time (1/4 second) at the level of receptors (see Chapter 8), until it is decided whether to transfer them from here to short-term memory or not. This decision depends on a higher, cognitive level, where the censorship that Freud spoke about can operate.
Perhaps this censorship is carried out in the right hemisphere, which, reacting emotionally and more globally to the stimulus, penetrates into its meaning faster than the more rational left hemisphere, and does not allow the latter to continue decoding the word.
According to Dixon (1971), all signals that are not allowed into consciousness by censorship mechanisms are obviously processed by some more primitive system on preconscious level. They may constitute a reserve source of spontaneous images and free associations, and thus, in turn, play a role in the activation of the organism. This can manifest itself, for example, in dreams (dossier 4.1), in lightning flashes of intuition in creative workers, or, as we shall see later, in conditions of sensory isolation.
Perceptual protection - an attempt to ignore some features of another person during perception and thereby build a barrier to undesirable influence. The mechanism of perceptual defense can be the so-called belief in a just world. The effect of "expectations". These are ordinary ideas about the relationship of various personality traits. In a group, perceptions based on false expectation can lead to feelings of discomfort and withdrawal from communication. Ultimately, a stable communicative quality of a person can be formed - closeness in communication. Each of us, one way or another, highlights some and ignores other types of information. Learning style has two main dimensions: (1) the way information is collected and (2) the way information is evaluated and used. There are many means of assessing the various dimensions of cognitive style and learning specificity.
Cognitive style: - field independence - field dependence; Representatives of the field-dependent style trust visual impressions more when assessing what is happening and hardly overcome the visible field if it is necessary to detail and structure the situation. Representatives of the field-independent style, on the contrary, rely on internal experience and easily tune out from the influence of the field, quickly and accurately highlighting a detail from a holistic spatial situation. - concreteness - abstractness. Concreteness-abstractness is based on such psychological processes as differentiation and integration of concepts. - smoothing - sharpening. For “smoothers”, the preservation of material in memory is accompanied by its simplification, loss of details, loss of certain fragments. On the contrary, in the memory of the sharpeners, there is a highlighting, emphasizing the specific details of the memorized material. - rigid - flexible cognitive control; - low - high tolerance for unrealistic experience. Tolerant subjects evaluate experience according to their actual characteristics, while intolerant subjects resist cognitive experience in which the input data contradicts their existing knowledge. - focusing - scanning control. This cognitive style characterizes the individual features of the distribution of attention, which are manifested in the degree of breadth of coverage of various aspects of the displayed situation. - impulsiveness - reflectivity; - narrow - wide range of equivalence. Representatives of the pole of a narrow range of equivalence tend to focus on the differences of objects, paying attention mainly to their details and distinctive features. - cognitive simplicity - complexity. Some people understand and interpret what is happening in a simplified form based on fixing a limited set of information.
Instinct as a hereditarily fixed product of phylogenetic development
All animal behavior is "instinctive" in nature. Conscious behavior, which is expressed in a change in nature and is regulated on the basis of comprehension, awareness of essential connections, knowledge of patterns, foresight, is available only to humans; it is a product of history, formed in the course of the development of social and labor practices. All forms of the psyche and behavior of animals are built on the basis of biological forms of existence, being developed in the process of adaptation to the environment. In their motivation, they all proceed from unconscious, blindly acting biological needs. In instinctive actions, fixation due to lability prevails: they are characterized by relative stereotype; different individual acts of instinctive behavior in different individuals of the same species remain basically, as it were, within the framework of one common structure. Instincts are usually understood further as actions or more or less complex acts of behavior that appear immediately, as if ready, regardless of training, from individual experience, being a hereditarily fixed product of phylogenetic development. Speaking of heredity, phylogenetic fixedness or innateness of an instinctive action, one must take into account that each specific act of behavior includes both hereditary and acquired components in unity and interpenetration. The development of behavioral forms that are the product of phylogenesis in each individual must also be mediated by his ontogeny. Thus, it is not necessary to externally oppose to each other what is hereditary in instinct and what is acquired in other forms of behavior. Within instinct itself there is a certain unity of these opposites with the dominance—in instinct—of the hereditary.
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Analysis of the protective manifestations of personality
M.: PROMEDIA
human protective manifestations are included at different levels of mental regulation of activity: sensory, perceptual<...>, perceptual psychological defense and the actual psychological defense of the individual.<...>Second level: protective manifestations of the individual, implemented through perceptual psychological regulation<...>; they are reflected in the concept of "perceptual psychological busy."<...>The perceptual psychological predicate includes: described by T. Selye mechanisms of siltoxic (coexistence
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Psychological foundations of active preparation of the future teacher for communication with students
M.: PROMEDIA
<...>that the forms of preparation for the obvyaiv are limited to the development of skill * I skills, the expansion of the socio-perceptual<...>The developed types of such preparation are:<...>The concept of "psychological defense" is defined aa as a one-act action " / for example, according to Z. Freud<...>and strategy for the implementation of education, having a systemic structure, proves that "psychological protection
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MASS-SPECTROMETRIC STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN NITROGEN-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS OF OIL ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES
This work is devoted to the development of methods for the structural group analysis of concentrates of basic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds using a mass spectrometric method that has proven itself quite well in the study of complex mixtures of hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds.
Protection "take place" "" "." . . . . ; v. . . 1971 at a meeting of the Academic Council of the Faculty of Agrochemistry
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ANTI-RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF AEROGENIC HYPOXIA IN EMBRYOGENESIS ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
ALL-UNION SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RADIOLOGY
The purpose of this work was to study in depth the possibility of reducing radiation disturbances in embryogenesis in experimental animals using normobaric gas hypoxia tolerated by animals and humans.
Eugb, Glusat;on, 1956). "Recently, Widespread for anti-radiation protection of the body<...>The results of the dissertation work are used in the course® of lectures "The effect of radiation on the embryo and fetus and their protection<...>For radiation protection of the causative animals, dosed hypoxia was used, which developed during the breathing of gaseous<...>the first day after birth in animals protected by this mixture is 2 times higher than in females irradiated without protection<...>Body weight of rat pups born from females irradiated with doses of 2 and 3 Gy under the protection of HGS-10, by day 30
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KINETICS OF SOIL BACTERIA GROWTH IN PERIODIC AND CONTINUOUS CULTURES ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
M.: MOSCOW ORDER OF LENIN AND THE ORDER OF LABOR RED BANNER STATE UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER M. V. LOMONOSOV
Purpose of the work: to study the growth kinetics of soil bacteria occupying different ecological niches in order to elucidate the features of the strategy of their interaction with the environment.
organization: All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Biosynthesis of Protein Substances (VNIISintezbalok) Protection
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Age psychological features of aggressive behavior of minors
M.: PROMEDIA
T.G.Shevchenko Defense consists of " ., * ." ..: . .<...>work, its theoretical practical significance, forms of approbation, provisions are formulated for defense<...>In this case, "aggressive defense" is ONE of the measures of protection of the attitude and Manifested in an emergency<...>explosive mobilization of protection against the threat of I I I, in aggression towards the critic or the offender / V.V. Stolyand
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M.: MOSCOW ORDER OF LENIN AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY NAMED AFTER K. A. TIMIRYAZEV
1) study of the comparative biological and economic efficiency of the use of various sources: vitamin D during their long-term use as the main source of vitamin D for cage laying hens and 2) finding ways to rationally feed vitamin D oil preparations.
The defense "will take place. . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1961 at a meeting of the Council of the Zootechnical Faculty!
8
The applied methods of increasing the thermal strength of pistons of internal combustion engines are considered. Tractor diesels with a combustion chamber in the piston are characterized by the highest rates of temperature change during loading and unloading, as well as the highest values of temperature gradients. The greatest thermal loads occur in pistons with a semi-open combustion chamber. Periodic thermal loads with a high temperature gradient lead to thermal fatigue failures. Such destruction can begin with the appearance of cracks on the edge of the combustion chamber. The presence of even a small crack on the edge of the combustion chamber leads to its further growth, which can cause destruction of the piston. The main reasons for the formation of cracks on the edge of the combustion chamber include: variable stresses caused by exposure to variable gas pressure in the cylinder during the operating cycle; low-frequency piston temperature fluctuations associated with a change in engine operating modes; high-frequency cyclic thermal fluctuations caused by a change in the temperature of the material in the surface layer of the combustion chamber during each operating cycle. The most common design and technological solutions aimed at increasing the thermal strength of pistons are: changing the radius of curvature of the edge of the combustion chamber neck; reinforcement of the edge of the combustion chamber with more heat-resistant materials; the use of materials for the manufacture of pistons with increased heat resistance; artificial thermal insulation of the piston or its cooling with oil. The disadvantages of using gallery oil cooling include the acceleration of oil aging processes. An alternative solution is to limit the heat supply to the walls of the combustion chamber with the help of heat-shielding coatings applied to the bottom by gas-plasma, detonation or electric arc methods. The simplest way to increase the thermal strength of a diesel piston with a semi-closed combustion chamber is structural changes
<...> <...>Materials and methods The term "thermal protection" should be understood as a complex of measures that are
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MICROFLORA OF Sputum OF PATIENTS WITH TOXIC PNEUMOSCLEROSIS - AND ITS CHANGES DURING TREATMENT WITH ANTIBIOTICS AND NORSULFAZOL Sodium ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
M.: INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES OF THE USSR ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
We have studied the species composition of the sputum microflora in 27 patients with the above disease, occurring with symptoms of emphysema and chronic purulent bronchitis.
The dissertation will be defended on ______ 196 at a meeting of the Academic Council of the Institute of Hygiene;
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MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PUMPKIN VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MOSCOW REGION ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
M.: MOSCOW ORDER OF LENIN AND THE ORDER OF LABOR RED BANNER AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY NAMED AFTER K. A. TIMIRYAZEV
The objectives of the study were: 1. Studying the patterns of growth, development and nature of physiological processes in pumpkins of various varieties in the conditions of the Moscow region: 2. Studying varieties and samples of pumpkins, zucchini and squash in a collection nursery in order to identify forms that are distinguished by early and friendly return of the harvest, high commercial qualities of products and promising for breeding work or for. direct use in production.
. "" Defense "will take place -:"« ". * " . ; . : one " . ". -.." . ., 1969." "" * at the meeting U "h-" ioro<...>Send your feedback and comments to the address: Moscow, A-8, Timiryazevskaya st. ^ 49, bldg. 10;.Protection sector
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NUMBER OF MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL AND EXPENSES FOR PRODUCTION SERVICE IN kolkhozes and state farms ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
BELARUSIAN ORDER OF LABOR RED BANNER AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY
The following tasks are set in the dissertation work: a) to develop a methodology for determining the number of administrative and managerial personnel; b) to study the expenditure maintenance of production and management and identify reserves for their reduction; c) identify ways for further improvement accounting production maintenance costs.
The defense of the dissertation will take place "$J$i," "JULQ / i Vi / lOw 1972 at the" meeting of the Scientific Jovst Belorusskaya
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WAYS OF INCREASING THE PRODUCTION OF MEAT (BEEF) AND REDUCING ITS COST IN THE SEMI-DESERT AND DESERT ZONES OF THE USSR (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KAZAKH SSR AND CERTAIN REGIONS OF THE UZBEK SSR) ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
M.: MOSCOW ORDER OF LABOR RED BANNER INSTITUTE OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY IM. G. V. PLEKHANOV
The researcher set himself the task of studying the organization, technique and economics of beef cattle breeding in the semi-desert and desert zones of Kazakhstan and certain regions of Uzbekistan, to generalize the methods of advanced farms and individual cattle breeding leaders and, on the basis of this, to find out ways and possibilities for increasing this zone of beef production on collective farms and state farms.
The dissertation defense is scheduled for a month. Please let us know your comments before the abstract.
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIET OF WINTER FEEDING OF DAIRY COWS IN THE CONDITIONS OF FARMS OF THE MAGADAN REGION ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
LENINGRAD AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE
In connection with the tasks of increasing milk production and reducing the cost of feed for feeding dairy cows, as well as due to the lack of prospects for including root crops in diets and increasing hay supply, the author was tasked to study a change in the structure of feed rations, in which the proportion of silage would increase , and hay decreased with a constant, and possibly a reduced amount of concentrates.
The defense of the "dissertation" will take place on March 14, 1967, at a meeting of the Council of the Zootechnical Faculty of the Leningrad
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BEANS APHIDS (APHIS FABAE SCOP.) ON FORED BEANS AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES TO COMBAT IT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MOSCOW REGION ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
M.: MOSCOW ORDER OF LENIN AND THE ORDER OF LABOR RED BANNER AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY NAMED AFTER K. A. TIMIRYAZEV
A lot of work has been devoted to the study of the bean (beet) aphid and the improvement of measures to combat it. different countries. However, in the conditions of the central regions of the Non-Chernozem zone, including the Moscow region, the bean aphid has not been previously studied. Many questions of the biology of this pest, the influence of environmental factors on its development and reproduction dynamics, as well as questions of the species composition of aphidophages and their role in reducing the number of bean aphids. A set of measures to combat bean aphids was also poorly developed. The study of these issues in the conditions of the Moscow region was the task of our four-year research in the period from 1962 to 1965.
BOBAKH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES TO COMBAT IT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MOSCOW REGION (Specialty No. 540 - entomology and protection<...>The defense of the dissertation will take place #._/ №№$&.0t*fat£kb7O t. at a meeting of the Council of the Faculty of Agronomy
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PECULIARITIES OF GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LARGE WHITE AND KEMEROVO BREED PIGS WITH DIFFERENT FEEDING ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
PERM STATE AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER ACADEMICIAN D. N. PRYANISHNIKOV
The main objective of this work was to study the characteristics of growth, metabolism, and productivity in the two most diverse breeds of Siberian pigs in terms of precocity and productivity: Large White and Kemerovo. It was expected that the obtained data would make it possible to establish the breed requirements of animals for food, as well as to find some guidelines on the question of in what direction and what nutritional factors it is necessary to influence the organism so that it develops in the desired direction and gives the highest production.
Protection of "dyssertacpi tov: V! A".
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VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS OF TOMATOES FOR THE CANNING INDUSTRY OF THE CHECHEN-INGUSH ASSR ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
ALL-UNION ORDER OF LENIN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES NAMED AFTER V. I. LENIN
The task was set: 1) to test the varieties in seedling and non-seedling culture and to recommend to the production the best of them in terms of economic-biological and chemical-technological qualities; 2) study and evaluate the source material for practical use and for breeding purposes; 3) to create new high-yielding varieties and heterotic hybrids of the first generation; 4) to develop and recommend to production some methods of agricultural technology that help increase the yield and quality of fruits.
Defense of the dissertation will take place on 1
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PRINCIPAL BASIS FOR FORMATION OF ADAPTIVE-LANDSCAPE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS ON THE EXAMPLE OF VLADIMIR OPOLYE ABSTRACT DIS. ... DOCTOR OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE OF THE CENTRAL REGIONS OF THE NON-BLACK SOIL ZONE
The purpose of the work is the formation of adaptive-landscape farming systems that ensure environmental sustainability, preserve the natural resource potential of gray forest soils of the Vladimir Opol'e and highly efficient production.
The defense will take place « /8 . »December 2001 at 14:00 at a meeting of the specialized council D.006.049.01<...>crop care combinations; 10 combinations for harvesting; 13 fertilizer application schemes; 11 protection systems<...>The eleventh link "chemical protection" is focused mainly on the levels of intensification and features<...>, where i is the line number; Kf6 7(i) from the table of chemical protection coefficients , where i is the row number.<...>Efficiency of fractional application of nitrogen fertilizers and chemical protection agents with intensive technologies
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COST OF COLLECTIVE FARM PRODUCTS AND WAYS TO REDUCED IT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF COST OF GRAPES OF COLLECTIVE FARMS OF THE TELAV PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT OF THE GEORGIAN SSR) ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
GEORGIAN ORDER OF LABOR RED BANNER AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE
The cost of collective farm products and ways to reduce it (on the example of the cost of grapes of collective farms of the Telavi Production Department of the Georgian SSR)
V Defense of the "thesis will be held" at the "meetings of the joint" "" Academic Council Gruz.
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The thesis put forward by us - "Glosnost is the best defense" - caused rather strong<...>v y m, G i n z b urg o m i dr. , lawyers used to justify the defense<...>this society was mobilized western public opinion in defense of
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No. 4 [Pharmacy, 2004]
Scientific and practical journal for pharmacists, pharmacists, manufacturers of pharmaceutical products. Published since 1952. Editor-in-Chief of the journal: - Professor I.A. Samylina. By the decision of the Plenum of the Higher Attestation Commission "Pharmacy" is included in the list of journals in which it is recommended to publish the results of dissertation research for competition degree Doctor of Sciences. The subject of the journal: the technology of production of medicines; new methods of drug research; falsification of medicines; clinical pharmacology; pharmaceutical market news; pharmacopoeial articles; consultations for pharmacy workers; personnel training. Periodicity of issue - 8 journals per year Target audience: manufacturers of pharmaceuticals, distributors, pharmacists, pharmacists, employees of healthcare facilities, libraries.
<...> <...> <...> <...>
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Chronicle of the National Library of the Chuvash Republic: 2011
On the activities of the National Library of the Chuvash Republic in chronology and in publications.
Lieutenant General, Hero of Russia Nikolai Gavrilov 27 Round table "Problems of homeless animals and their protection<...>in Chuvashia" in the Department of Industry Literature in cooperation with the Umka Animal Welfare Charitable Foundation<...>At the legal hour Renata Fedorova, head of the department of social protection of the population of the Kalininsky district of the city of<...>The event was held as part of the Days of Protection from Environmental Hazards-2011, international day biological<...>their labor rights", "What a citizen needs to know about social benefits", "Protection of the rights of taxpayers
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No. 12 [Tractors and agricultural machines, 2016]
“TRACTORS AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY” is the leading magazine of the tractor and agricultural machine building industry, which over the long years of its existence has established itself as an objective, reliable and information-rich publication. The journal is included in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation of publications for the publication of works of applicants for scientific degrees and in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI).
To reduce the temperature of the piston head and its thermal state, thermal protection is generally used<...>The purpose of the study The purpose of the study is to analyze the methods used to protect the pistons of the internal<...>Materials and methods The term "thermal protection" should be understood as a complex of measures that are<...>Efficiency of protecting the cab of a mobile power tool from direct solar radiation. . .
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No. 2 [Russian State Studies, 2018]
The journal contributes to a deeper understanding of the socially significant events taking place in the world that affect the modern Russian state, more actively stimulates the birth of new ideas and the development of concepts that enrich, in our case, state science. The name of the journal speaks quite clearly about its subject matter. The journal publishes articles, discussions on the development of Russian statehood. In order to ensure the state-legal orientation, the editors of the journal provide an opportunity to speak in it not only to scientists, but also to practical workers who ensure the implementation of state policy in the social, law enforcement, defense and other areas of its activity, as well as graduate students, undergraduates, students and others. persons who are interested in the problems of the development of the Russian statehood.
Any social union provides its members with such protection.<...>Such actions of the group in the interests of the individual Muromtsev calls "protection of the first kind."<...>Muromtsev defines this type of defense of public relations as unorganized defense.<...>Other forms of protection, on the contrary, will be found useful and timely.<...>Humanity has no defense against cyberwar.
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No. 4 [Scientific and educational problems of civil protection, 2014]
Scientific journal on the profile "Safety of life and protection of the population from natural and man-made emergencies", corresponding mainly to the specialties 05.26.02 (Safety in emergency situations - technical sciences) and 20.02.24 (Civil and local defense - military sciences).
EMERCOM OF RUSSIA SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS OF CIVIL PROTECTION Scientific journal 2014‘4 (23) Copyright<...>JSC "Central Design Bureau "BIBCOM" & LLC "Agency Book-Service" Scientific and educational problems of civil protection<...>The role and place of the Academy of Civil Protection of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in the improvement of civil defense…………………………<...>Journal // Scientific and educational problems of civil protection”.<...>/Scientific and educational problems of civil protection. 2014. No. 2. P. 47-52. 2.
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№4 [Experimental and Clinical Dermatocosmetology, 2004]
Scientific and practical journal for specialists working in the field of medical and aesthetic medicine. Published since September 2003. The editor-in-chief of the journal is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor S.B. Tkachenko. Deputy Chief Editors - Doctor of Medical Sciences N.N. Potekaev; Professor N.I. Izmerova. . Leading headings: Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor I.N.Denisov; Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor A.A. Kubatiev; Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor N.O.Milanov; Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor V.A. Vissarionov; Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor A.N. Razumov; Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor A.V. Geinits; Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor N.V. Kungurov; Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor N.K. Nikulin; E.M. Dolzhikova. By the decision of the Plenum of the Higher Attestation Commission "Pharmacy" is included in the list of journals in which it is recommended to publish the results of dissertation research for the degree of Doctor of Science. Main sections: medical and social aspects of dermatocosmetology; experimental studies; dermatosurgery; plastic surgery; hardware cosmetology; laser technologies in dermatocosmetology; age-related features of the skin (children's dermatocosmology, skin aging problems); dermatocosmetology in physiological and pathological conditions of the human body; new medicines and cosmetics; new methods of diagnostics, prevention and treatment in dermatocosmetology; to help the practitioner. Target audience: dermatocosmetologists, specialists in plastic and laser surgery, hardware cosmetologists, medical and cosmetology centers, beauty salons.
Such prefilters are recommended to be used to protect membrane filters with a pore size of 0.2 to 0.6<...>batches 9 were filtered under inert gas pressure and filled into ampoules in an inert gas flow ("gas protection<...>However, despite a significant slowdown in the destruction processes, "gas protection" does not completely prevent<...>Pharmacological protection of the genome. - M., 1992. - 386 p.<...>An analysis of the legal framework in the field of IP protection and protection showed that an industrial enterprise,
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Psychology of subjective semantics
M.: PROMEDIA
psychological sciences, Professor M.V. Gamezo Leading institution Institute of Psychology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Defense<...>protection, first described by A.Sh. Tkhostov and coinciding in its properties with the observed features<...>protection, which consists in the tendency to derealization of visually represented objects.<...>On the description of the structure of perceptual experience / / Bulletin of Moscow State University, series 14, Psychology. 1977. L 2.<...>On the study of perceptual universals / / Psycholinguistic research, v. 7. M. MGU. 1977.
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Preliminarily, we note that the conclusions obtained as a result of the studies carried out do not always fit into generally accepted theories about the nature of chronic alcoholism. Therefore, for the correctness of the presentation, we will first list the especially significant issues facing modern narcology, psychiatry and psychology.
Essentially, “alcoholic anosognosia” is the same “psychological defense”, but rearranged to protect<...>motives" from "harmful" anti-alcohol information at all stages of the passage of information to awareness (perceptual<...>defense, repression, deactualization, rationalization, irrational defense).<...>(perceptual defense, repression, rationalization, deactualization, irrational defense), rebuild<...>"(perceptual defense, repression, rationalization, deactualization, irrational defense).
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The principle of activity in the construction and functioning of the mental image
M.: PROMEDIA
The defense will take place "" December 1988 in ""; aces at a meeting of the Specialized Council D.053.05.48<...>Provisions submitted for defense I) 3 modern psychology Do I underestimate my dominant position?<...>protection, split-brain experiments, etc.).<...>The origin of one or another perceptual hypothesis is primarily manifested in a change in the nature of eye movements<...>The logic of perceptual action required keeping the eye still.
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Psychology of emotions and will studies. allowance
Rostov
Tutorial devoted to theoretical issues of studying emotions and human will. The main attention is paid to the analysis of emotional regulation, emotional experience, the structure of the emotional sphere and its manifestations, the relationship of emotional phenomena with cognitive processes. Some theories of will, debatable on present stage questions of the psychology of will, functions and specificity of specific manifestations of will. Design and test tasks aimed at testing the knowledge acquired as a result of reading the modules of the manual.
QUESTIONS OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTIONS stvo or active defense) and the state of fear.<...>protection .<...>The essence of the phenomenon of perceptual defense is the perceptual ignoring of stimuli under the influence of emotions.<...>The phenomenon of perceptual defense, systematically studied since the 40s of the twentieth century, still remains problematic<...>Describe the features of the phenomenon of perceptual defense and the results of its experimental study E. A.
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Laboratory workshop on the courses "Equipment and technical means for creating wear-resistant surfaces" and "Technological methods for restoring and increasing the wear resistance of machine parts" studies. allowance
The laboratory workshop consists of 23 laboratory works. Each work includes the purpose of its implementation, a summary of the relevant theoretical material for the courses: “Equipment and technical means for creating wear-resistant surfaces” and “Technological methods for restoring and increasing the wear resistance of machine parts”, a description of the work methodology, the content of the report on the work performed, recommended literature and test questions for self-test.
The design of the spectrometer provides full protection of personnel from X-ray radiation.<...>A valuable feature of this regulator is electronic protection against current overloads that occur when switching on<...>Protection against current overloads when the regulator is connected to the network is provided by introducing a divider into the circuit<...>In addition to high-speed electronic protection, the following protections are provided in the generator: 1) in the power<...>protection, and during installation work in the open air, gas protection can be violated by air currents
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The obligate nature of anosognosia in alcohol dependence is indicated. The pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of alcoholic anosognosia (AA) and its dynamics as the disease progresses are considered. It emphasizes the need to overcome or at least reduce the severity of AA in order to achieve an adequate attitude of the patient to his illness, seeking medical or psychological help and maintaining the stability of remissions. The importance of psychotherapy as the main tool in the process of correcting the manifestations of AA is stated, and it is recommended to use some tactics during its implementation. The presence of the author's method based on the active identification and appropriate interpretation of the somato-neurological complications of alcoholism (including subclinical ones) in patients in most cases and the initiation of the process of overcoming psychological defense mechanisms that prevent the awareness of the disease with their help is indicated. The relative simplicity and accessibility of the proposed methodology for narcologists, who in most cases do not have special training in the field of psychotherapy, is emphasized. The necessity of using complex, continuous and long-term programs for the treatment and rehabilitation of dependent patients is stated.
The reaction of protection according to Z.<...>Within the framework of psychoanalysis, psychological defense is always a perceptual distortion of the external world.<...>“Protection, if it is successful,” points out I.<...>psychotherapy and clinical psychology” 2016, volume 7, no. 2 Witkin (Herman Witkin) in 1949 identified two basic perceptual<...>Perceptual defense - the main mechanism of psychological defense in everyday forms of drunkenness - always involves
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Laboratory work in general psychology (psychology of sensation and perception)
this work is a description of the cycle of laboratory work on the course "General psychology (psychology of sensations and perception)". The manual deals with general issues of organization psychological research, methods for studying phenomena, mechanisms and patterns of sensation and perception processes are demonstrated. The work is intended for students studying in the specialty 020400 Psychology (discipline "General Psychology (Psychology of Sensations and Perception)", block GPD), full-time learning.
What are the principles of effective perceptual masking? 3.<...>Among New Look researchers, a central place belongs to the study of perceptual defense and perceptual<...>How is the process of perceptual image formation studied? 2.<...>The definition of the middle of the segment "by eye" is most often: a) perceptual activity, b) perceptual<...>Gibson discuss two theories of perceptual learning.
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This article is addressed, first of all, to help ordinary psychiatrists and narcologists who often find themselves in difficult situations due to unresolved issues of scientific psychiatry. An interested doctor will easily understand how to apply the results of our research in their daily medical practice.
the emergence of alcohol dependence, information selection mechanisms that normally form psychological protection<...>(perceptual defense, repression, rationalization, deactualization), deform, change, rebuild<...>Unlike psychological defense, alcoholic anosognosia guards the drug addict (alcohol) motive<...>became the main reason for the lack of attention to such a phenomenon as the transformation of psychological defense<...>"(perceptual defense, repression, rationalization, deactualization). 2) Syndrome of alcoholic anosognosia
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No. 4 [Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series "Psychology", 2016]
The journal is intended for psychologists and specialists in other related fields, it covers topical problems of modern psychology. From the 2nd quarter (from No. 2) of 2019, the journal is called "Psychology. Psychophysiology"
The phenomenon of perceptual defense of the perception of giftedness Describing possible difficulties on the way to the formation<...>Bruner considers the phenomenon of perceptual defense as a way by which a person protects<...>Perceptual defense is defined as a change in the threshold of awareness of socially significant material.<...>Perceptual defense can therefore be interpreted in this case as an attempt to ignore some<...>At the same time, emotionally disturbing or frightening stimuli, due to the specifics of the perceptual defense itself, have
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Features of visual perception of younger schoolchildren with normal and severely impaired vision
M.: PROMEDIA
M.VLomonosov The defense will take place " / O No. (ShsR 1999 at hours at a meeting of the dissertation council D 018.02.01<...>Provisions for defense 1.<...>theoretical significance and scientific novelty, practical significance of the work, the provisions submitted for defense are stated<...>perceptual structures.<...>actions; posing the problem of the development of perceptual structures and perceptual actions; experimental
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Projective psychodiagnostics studies. allowance
Moscow: MGI im. E.R. Dashkova
The textbook attempts to acquaint readers with some projective techniques, which are examples of the practice of psychological research of personality. In the description and list of these techniques, the views of a number of authors are given, who apply the techniques from the point of view of various projection theories. The bulk of the statistical data was obtained by the author experimentally in the course of real psychodiagnostic activity outside the laboratory.
protection . one.<...>Lazarus published data on the effects of perceptual defense and sensitization in the Rorschach11 and Tat12 tests<...>Hume can almost be considered a perceptual theory of personality.<...>Laws of perceptual organization. 1. Law of Satisfactory Continuation.<...>The principles of perceptual defense are formulated within the framework of New Look research. one.
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The article presents the experience and results of studying the socio-perceptual abilities of schoolchildren. Based on the application of a modular sociotest, the degree of adequacy of the perception of schoolchildren's attitudes towards themselves, the relationship between the level of development of social and perceptual abilities with the status of the student and the level of his conflict were determined.
RESEARCH Applied researches Development akmeology Development akmeology UDC 159.9 DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-PERCEPTIVE<...>The accuracy of socio-perceptual assessments depends on subjective and objective factors.<...>The social perceptual process has two sides: 1.<...>the level of social-perceptual abilities: 36% each (Fig. 1).<...>This is probably due to low self-esteem, which manifests itself in the form of psychological protection: lack of
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Conceptualization of auditory perception in modern English abstract
The work reveals a cognitive model of auditory perception, determines the prototypical situation of auditory perception, identifies ways of linguistic representation of auditory perception, and explores the cognitive processes of profiling.
Barnaul The defense will take place on December 13, 2012 at 10.00 am at a meeting of the dissertation council D 212.071.01<...>Within the framework of the cognitive approach, perceptual processes were studied from the standpoint of their reflection in the natural<...>The functional and semantic aspect of the category of perceptivity is presented in the Copyright JSC "Central Design Bureau "BIBCOM"<...>The defenses are as follows: 1.<...>general theoretical and methodological basis of the study, formulates the main provisions submitted for defense
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Social Psychology
These texts of lectures on social psychology outline the basic ideas about socio-psychological phenomena and processes, their main features and forms of manifestation. The texts of lectures in structure and content correspond to the program of the course in social psychology, developed in accordance with the State educational standard higher vocational education and designed for students of the specialty "Social work".
It is protection from suggestion, and hence from trust, that is the main reason for the emergence of barriers to<...>There are three types of defense: avoidance, authority and misunderstanding. 1 Porshnev B.F.<...>The perceptual side of communication Communication is how people perceive each other.<...>Describe the perceptual side of communication. 2.<...>
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Psychology of protective mechanisms of personality studies. allowance
The purpose of the manual is to acquaint students with the phenomenon of psychological defense, the theoretical aspects of this problem, the specifics of protection in conditions professional activity, to form students' practical skills in diagnosing individual protective mechanisms. The manual reveals the main topics of the relevant training course, but can be useful when considering issues of general psychology, personality theory, labor psychology, and management problems.
A fundamentally different approach to the assessment of defense mechanisms comes from the perceptual-genetic theory<...>DMT is a method of evaluating the structure of perceptual defenses, originally used as a space that allows a clear distinction between<...>Provisions submitted for defense. I.<...>The model makes it possible to accurately calculate a number of optical-geometric illusions and perceptual phenomena, to give<...>A single consistent explanation and quantitative prediction of a number of perceptual phenomena is given:
Preview: Visual space metric psychophysical analysis.pdf (0.0 Mb)42
This article is devoted to the problem social adaptation patients with the initial stage of paranoid schizophrenia; psychological defense mechanisms aimed at reducing anxiety are considered as important forms of adaptive behavior in paranoid schizophrenia; the functioning of psychological defense is based on certain features of the cognitive sphere. The author provides a brief literature review of views on the nature of these cognitive features. Based on this, the article experimentally tests the assumption that the choice and activation of certain forms of psychological defense in paranoid schizophrenia are based on the features of the cognitive-style sphere. This aspect of considering the relationship between cognitive style and psychological defense is not reflected in the domestic and foreign sources available to us. . As part of the study, 80 patients with paranoid schizophrenia were examined (with a disease duration of not more than 1 year); All patients were in drug remission at the time of the examination. To achieve the goals of the study, psychodiagnostic methods were used aimed at studying the features of defensive behavior and characteristics of the cognitive-style sphere. As a result of the study, the psychological defense mechanisms that prevail in the structure of defensive behavior in paranoid schizophrenia were determined: intellectualization, substitution, regression, compensation. According to the results of the study, the defensive behavior of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, paranoid form is based on: a large differentiation and structuredness of the information processing process with excessive subordination to situational factors and subjective difficulty in overcoming their influence; low accuracy of perceptual scanning with difficulties in extracting significant features from the context in a multiple choice situation, insufficiency of preliminary analysis of perceived information; low level of categorical control.
Paranoid schizophrenia, cognitive impairment, field addiction, impulsivity, perceptual scanning<...>"color words" and "color" cards, as well as an indicator of the integration of verbal-verbal and sensory-perceptual<...>High values of the second indicator indicate low integration of verbal-verbal and sensory-perceptual<...>Impulsivity, as a cognitive-style characteristic, is reduced to the low accuracy of perceptual scanning.<...>Low accuracy of perceptual scanning with difficulty vyde-2. from the context of significant features
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Fundamentals of General Psychology: teaching aid
Amur State University
The study guide has been compiled in accordance with State standard for the specialty 030301 "Psychology", bachelor's degree in the direction of training 030300.62 "Psychology" and includes the name of topics, goals and summary lectures, seminars and practical classes; test and creative tasks to control the studied material; essay topics, questions for independent work; questions for the final assessment of knowledge; list of recommended literature; position on the score-rating assessment of students' knowledge in the discipline "General Psychology", exemplary individual cards student rating.
Stage of the perceptual psyche 1. What characterizes the perceptual psyche?<...>Bassin understands by psychological protection
It is protection from suggestion, and hence from trust, that is the main reason for the emergence of barriers to<...>There are three types of defense: avoidance, authority and misunderstanding.<...>Perceptual component of communication Communication is how people perceive each other.<...>Describe the perceptual component of communication. 2.<...>process: the mechanism of perceptual defense, the effect of "expectations", the phenomenon of cognitive complexity.
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No. 6 [Biology of the sea, 2017]
The Journal of Marine Biology publishes articles on fundamental and applied problems of marine biology. The journal publishes reviews, original research, brief messages, as well as a chronicle, reviews, book reviews, materials on the history of marine biology and the activities of marine biological institutions and scientists.
The article deals with the classical problem of the relationship between perception and action. The greatest attention is paid to the analysis of the problem in the context of the latest research in neurophysiology, the theory of cognitive evolution and robotics. Arguments are presented in support of resolving the issue on the basis of the well-known distinction between the ventral and dorsal perceptual systems.
It is this kind of opposition of perception as ideal process and perception as "perceptual<...>Therefore, at least visual perceptual processes were understood here as relatively autonomous.<...>JSC Central Design Bureau BIBCOM & OOO Agency Kniga-Service 136 Cognitive research A few arguments in defense<...>However, have proponents of a behaviorally oriented understanding of perceptual<...>Did the perceptual system evolve only to control motor acts?
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Psychological features of the first impression of another person in primary school students
M.: PROMEDIA
The defense will take place “....f. "(LiL/Vl/Mr?)..... 1989 at "1.F.... hour. .."<...>impression within the age group (grades 1-3); substantiate the possibility of optimization, socio-perceptual<...>The following provisions are put forward for defense: 1) the completeness and adequacy of the first impression of another person<...>the practical significance of the work, the research hypotheses and the main provisions submitted for defense are formulated
Vladimirovna Leading organization: Volgograd State Pedagogical University<...>The main provisions of the dissertation are submitted for defense: 1.<...>In particular, the change in the forms of the infinitive indicates the interpenetration of perceptual and epistemic<...>work, the theoretical and practical significance of the dissertation is outlined, and submitted for defense are formulated<...>sensations, testifies to the semantic conjugation of perceptual and epistemic features in semantics
Preview: The Linguistic Phenomenon of Appearance (Based on Modern English).pdf (0.3 Mb)Initially, the phenomenon of perceptual defense was discovered and described J. Bruner etc. as a way by which a person protects himself from the perception of stimuli that threaten him and stimuli that traumatize his experiences. Such a “fencing” does not mean that it is common for an individual to bypass the stimulus that poses a threat to him / “This is about something else. Firstly, it was found that a person has a hierarchy of thresholds for distinguishing different stimuli, and secondly, it was proved that that the phenomenon of perceptual defense is important for understanding the motivation of the perceptual process.
three important characteristics of perceptual defense described in general psychology: 1) emotionally disturbing or frightening stimuli have a higher order of recognition than neutral ones; 2) in this case, substitutive cognitions are “stretched”, as it were, which prevent the recognition of threatening signals; 3) protection is often built, even if the signal is unrecognized: the individual seems to “close” from it. From this, Bruner and Postman formulated the principles of perceptual selectivity, among which two must be mentioned in our context: protection principle (incentives contrary to expectations subject or carrying potentially hostile information are less recognizable and subject to greater distortion) and vigilance principle (stimuli that threaten the integrity of the individual, which can lead to serious disturbances in mental functioning, are recognized faster than others).
Perceptual defense can be defined within the framework of the psychology of social cognition as change in the threshold of awareness of social I any significant material; It manifests itself in quite unexpected forms. An example of this is the marked G. All-port“the principle of the last attempt” is the desire of a person in difficult circumstances for him to “cling” to the last for some familiar truth, fencing it off from any threats coming from outside.
Another specific manifestation of the phenomenon of perceptual defense in the process of social cognition is open M. Lerner the phenomenon of "faith in a just world". Its essence lies in the fact that a person does not want to believe that something “bad” can happen to him personally without his fault, because the world is “fair”. It is naturally easier to live in the conviction that without guilt you will never be punished. And this feeling of psychological comfort makes us fence ourselves off from the information that threatens to destroy this comfort.
This logic of reasoning is supplemented by a phenomenon called the “hindsight effect”, when a person after familiarizing himself with the result of an event, he joyfully declares: “I knew it!” This helps to build confidence in one's own rightness.
On the basis of such a naive belief, there is a tendency to "attribute atrocities to the victims, and various positive (successful) actions to "positive" characters.
The significance of faith in a just world, as a kind of perceptual defense, plays a large> role in choosing a behavior strategy. All the more important is the destruction of this faith. An important consequence of this is the open M. Seligman phenomenon "learned helplessness" [cm. 98]. Initially, this phenomenon was identified in experiments with animals (horses at the races, constantly punished for both poor and relatively good results, lost all motivation to improve their achievements). Later it was found that "learned helplessness" can also be characteristic of people. It occurs when che-; The man realizes that he is unable to predict or control the outcome of his actions. The information received from the outside is not enough to achieve a result that depends on us. And if something is unpredictable, then, regardless of our efforts, something undesirable can happen. There is a situation described by L. Carroll in a fairy tale
"Alice in Wonderland": whatever Alice takes on, everything turns out to be "not as" as expected. A person who finds himself in such a situation learns "helplessness": he begins to behave like a victim - passively and without energy. Disbelief in one's own strength, tacit acceptance that nothing can be done is also a kind of loss of faith in a just world.
The onset of such a state is closely related to a number of already considered cognitive processes. It turned out that "learned helplessness" in a certain way depends on the attributive style of the individual. Of the three attributive styles: pessimistic, optimistic, and unrealistically optimistic, the first most often leads to the fact that a person turns to an external locus of control (becomes external). This leads to a refusal, from the desire to change something, and in general to a lack of faith in the fundamental possibility of changing something. In this situation, a person getting used to to helplessness: a certain style of working with social information, the destruction of protection from negative information give rise to a special type of behavior.
The prevalence of faith in a just world and the painful experiences of the consequences of its destruction are phenomena of the same order. It is clear that the dream of the stability of the social world is by no means always supported by reality. And then two variants of the significance of these factors in social cognition may arise: either an even greater separation of the “picture” of the real world from its image constructed in the head, or, on the contrary, the desire to achieve the desired stability in the real world as well. But this is already a question about the connection between cognition and action, the determinant of the solution of which cannot be only a combination of purely psychological factors.