There are words in Russian that sound and are spelled the same, but have completely different semantic meanings. Homonyms are words that sound the same, but are different in meaning. (from the Greek homos - the same + onyma, onoma - name).

For example: key1 - "spring" (cold key) and key2 - "a metal rod of a special shape for unlocking and locking the lock" (steel key); bow1 - "plant" (green onion) and bow2 - "weapon for throwing arrows" (tight bow);

Full and partial homonymy

Distinguish between full and partial homonymy of the word.

1. Full homonymy, or absolute, is the coincidence of words in all forms. An example full homonyms there may be words dress1 (clothing) and dress2 (order), horn1 (blacksmith) - horn2 (wind instrument); they do not differ in pronunciation and spelling and are the same in all singular and plural case forms.

2. With incomplete, or partial, homonymy, the coincidence in sound and spelling is observed for words belonging to the same part of speech, not in all grammatical forms. For example: plant 1 (industrial enterprise with mechanical processing of raw materials) and plant 2 (at the clock) - action on the verb to start. The second word has no plural forms, but the first one does. Homonymous verbs bury1 (pit) and bury2 (medicine) have the same all forms perfect look(I'm burying, I've been burying, I'll be burying); forms of real participles of the present and past tense (digging, burying). But there is no coincidence in the forms of the perfect form (I will bury - I will bury, etc.).

Differences in the reflection of homonyms and polysemantic words in dictionaries

Homonymy should be distinguished from ambiguity. Homonyms are such words that are identical in sound and spelling, the meanings of which are completely unrelated to each other (lion is an animal and lion is a Bulgarian monetary unit), while polysemantic words are related by meanings, while one of them is the original, direct, the other (others) is secondary, portable. Compare: lion (animal) - secular lion; look outside - look after the children.

Homonyms, as a rule, are given in separate dictionary entries, and polysemantic words - in one, followed by the selection of several meanings of the word, which are given under numbers.

TASTE, - a (-y), m.1. One of the external senses of man and animals, the organ of which is the mucous membrane of the tongue and oral cavity.2. A sensation on the tongue, in the mouth, or the property of the food that is the source of that sensation. Fruits that are pleasant to Gorky v. in the mouth. Sour in. lemon.

VKUS2, - a, m.1. Feeling, understanding of graceful, beautiful. Slim in.

Dress tastefully. On someone's c., in someone's taste (from someone's point of view)

opinions about graceful, beautiful).2. Inclination, predilection for something. Have in. to something. Enter into.

However, in different dictionaries, sometimes the same words are presented differently.

So, in the "Dictionary of the Russian Language" by S. I. Ozhegov, the words put - "to place something, somewhere, somewhere" and put - "decide, decide" are given as homonyms, and in the "Dictionary of the Modern Russian Language" (MAC) - as multivalued. Such is the discrepancy in the interpretation of other words: debt - "duty" and debt - "borrowed"; mode - "consent, peace" and mode "structure of a musical work"; glorious - "enjoying fame" and glorious - "very good, handsome."

This occurs when a polysemantic word breaks down into homonyms with the loss of semantic relationships between different meanings of one word. In some cases, the disintegration has occurred completely, and there are no discrepancies in the interpretation of words in dictionaries. But if the decay has not yet ended, then the words are understood differently. Consider similar cases in the dictionaries of S.I. Ozhegov and D.N. Ushakov (the table shows only the main forms of words):

BABA1, - s, f.1. A married peasant woman, as well as a woman from the common people in general (simple) .2. In general, about a woman (sometimes with a scornful or jocular shade) (simple).3. The same as the wife (in 1 digit) (simple, and obl).4. The same as grandmother (in 2 meanings) (simple and regional); in children's speech - the same as grandmother (in 1 value). Once upon a time there was a grandfather and b.5. trans. About a timid weak-willed man (colloquial).6. Warm cover on the kettle for keeping warm, steaming, brewing. knitted b.

BABA2, - s, f. (specialist). The impact part of the hammer (in 2 values), copra, forging and stamping device. Manual b. Pneumatic b.

BABA (1) women, w.

1. In the mouth of the "masters" (before) and in peasant life - a married peasant woman; counterpoint girl. For a long time he could not recognize what gender the figure was - a woman or a man.

2. Wife (colloquially). Left without a woman, he manages himself.

3. In general, a woman (colloquial vulg). Badass grandmother. Healthy grandmother. I have a mind, and women appreciate me.M. Bitter.

4. trans. A man of a timid disposition, weak, indecisive (colloquially despises). He is such a woman, everyone is offended.

5. Hanging hammer, heavy cast-iron weight for driving piles, cf. pile driver (tech).

The emergence of homonyms

Unlike polysemantic words, homonyms have lexical meanings that are not related to each other in any way, they do not have common features, according to which they could be attributed to different meanings of the same word. In explanatory dictionaries, homonyms are given as different words. The main reasons for the emergence of homonyms are as follows:

• the coincidence of the sound of a borrowed and native Russian word, for example: marriage 1 (Russian) - marriage and marriage 2 (German) - a poor-quality product, a defect in it; lava1 (Russian) - face and lava2 (Italian) - molten volcanic mass.
• the coincidence of words of different meanings that came into the Russian language from other languages, for example: bak1 (goal) -; the bow of the upper deck of the vessel and tank2 (fr.) - a large vessel for liquid; raid1 (English) - a raid of mobile military forces and raid2 (Dutch) - a body of water; focus1 (lat.) - the point of intersection of refracted or reflected rays and focus2 (German) - a trick;
• semantic isolation of one of the meanings of a polysemantic word, for example: syllable1 is part of the word and syllable2 is style; type1 - appearance, appearance and type2 - type, variety; light1 - earth, world, universe and light2 - pure energy;
• coincidence of words as a result of word-formation changes, for example: bloodless1 - devoid of blood and bloodless2 - homeless, homeless.
• coincidence of the newly formed abbreviation with a long-known full-value word. For example, stork - "migratory bird" and STORK - "automatic information station"; Amur - "river" and AMU R - "automatic control and regulation machine"; Mars - "planet" and MARS - "automatic registration and signaling machine".

Full and incomplete homonyms always belong to the same part of speech. Together with homonymy (the sound coincidence of two or more language units that are different in meaning), phenomena related to it are usually considered related to the grammatical, sound and graphic aspects of speech.

a) Homophones or phonetic homonyms are the same, but are spelled differently and have different meanings, ambiguity.

Examples in Russian: threshold - vice - park, meadow - onion, fruit - raft, ink - ink, case - you will fall, ball - point, inert - bone, betray - give, emit - - imitate.

In Russian, the two main sources of homophony are the phenomenon of stunning

Also, the infinitive and the 3rd person form of one verb are often pronounced the same way (in writing, they differ in the presence or absence of the letter b): (need) decide - (he) will decide, (I want) to build - (house) is being built, (metal can ) bend -- (trees) bend, (should) return -- (they) will return.

Homophony also includes cases of phonetic coincidence of a word and a phrase or two phrases. The letters used can completely coincide and the difference in spelling lies only in the arrangement of spaces: in place - together, in everything - at all, from mint - crumpled, from the hatch - and evil, not mine - mute. Not you, but Sima suffered unbearably, carried by the water of the Neva; We grow up to a hundred years without old age (M.) Homophony is the subject of study not of lexicology, but of phonetics, as it manifests itself at a different linguistic level - phonetic.

b) Homoforms - words that coincide in spelling and sounding only in any one grammatical form (less often - in several).

For example, tri1 is a numeral in the nominative case (three friends) and tri2 is a verb in the imperative mood of the singular of the 2nd person (three carrots on a grater); oven1 (indefinite form of the verb) and oven2 (noun).

The grammatical forms of words of one part of speech can also be homonymous.

For example, the forms of adjectives large, young can indicate 1) the nominative singular masculine (big 1 success, young 1 specialist); 2) in the genitive singular feminine (large 2 careers, young 2 women); 3) on dative feminine singular (to big 3 career, to young 3 woman); 4) in the instrumental singular feminine (with a big 4 career, with a young 4 woman). These forms agree with nouns in different cases.

Homoforms by their nature go beyond the vocabulary, as they belong to a different level of the language and should be studied in the section of morphology.

c) Lexical homonyms - (Greek homos - the same, onoma - name) - these are words of the same part of speech, different in meaning, but the same in sound and spelling.

d) Homographs - words that are spelled the same but pronounced differently (gr. homos - the same + grapho - I write). Usually they have stress on different syllables. For example: atlas - atlas, squirrels - squirrels, castle - castle, teach - teach, praise - praise. There are more than a thousand pairs of homographs in modern Russian. Homography is directly related to the graphic system of the language.

So the same and so different - this can be said about homonyms. In this article, we will consider why homonyms are needed in Russian, how to use them in writing and speech.

Homonym- this is lexical component in Russian, which differs in a feature: it is written the same way (or close), but the meaning is different. The word is of Greek origin: homos - the same, on ym a - name.

These words are important they adorn the Russian language making it more interesting and intense. For example, the same word "marriage" has two meanings. First: poor-quality work (product). Second: the union of two people, certified by the state. Strange coincidence, don't you think? But the article is not about that.

About homonyms with examples

In fact, homonyms are very easy to understand.. They are often used in speech and writing without even thinking. The same word can have multiple meanings. However, this is not new; it is also found in other languages.

Nouns are most often used as homonyms., but there are also verbs and adjectives among them.

Sometimes words change stress, and in some cases, the spelling of individual characters. Consider the homonyms below (examples will be separated by commas):

• Peace (n.) - the absence of war, the nature surrounding us (Earth, Universe).
• Bow (n.) - a tool for shooting arrows, a vegetable from the garden.
• Conclusion (noun) - a formulated solution to a problem (reasoning), the process of moving something or someone outside the territory (withdrawal of troops).
• Braid (n.) - an element of a woman's hairstyle, a part of the coast protruding into the sea, a tool for mowing grass.
• Downtime (adj.) - stop work, quality indicator.
• Soar (vb) - fly in the sky (soar), flatten the fabric with steam (soar).
• Defend (verb) - withstand an attack, wait for your turn.
• The case when the same word appears in homonymy at the same time as a verb and as an adjective: drying - the process of drying, fruit.

You can practice on your own and try to make a sentence with homonyms yourself.

Varieties of homonyms

The phenomenon of “sameness” of spelling with a difference in meanings is called homonymy. From the point of view of coincidence in the spelling of part of the word, the following linguistic manifestations of homonymy are distinguished: lexical homonyms,homophones, homographs and homoforms.

Lexical - are complete (all examples of grammatical variants coincide) and incomplete (not all grammatical forms coincide).

Homophones are words that sound the same when pronounced, but are spelled differently. Such as: a raft is a fruit.

Homoforms. In fact, these are different words that coincide in form in some cases. They are similar to homophones, but, unlike them, they reveal a difference when declining. Example: a pond - a rod (go to the pond, hit with a rod), five - a span.

Homographs are words that are spelled the same but pronounced differently. They almost always differ in a stressed syllable: organ - Organ, flour - flour.

Homonyms: humor is appropriate

Once a bad student was asked what she knew about “Earth Day”? She replied that "it's dark and scary." It's funny and sad, because she imagined some bottom ( probably skipped geography lessons at school ), although the question was asked about "Earth Day".

The similarity of words is often used in jokes, playing on the “similarity” of their sound. Example: “The parrot said to the parrot: “parrot, I will parrot you!”

Homonymy is interesting because in the language it is able to create a certain paradoxical meaning of the expression. Russian proverbs, aphorisms and riddles are based on this.

Puzzles

The people have long noticed the properties of homonyms and used them to make puzzles. Thus, these words are well remembered by children, which develops the brain well and accustoms it to the perception of the homonymy of the language.

Guess the riddles:

• Which cats can't catch mice?
• Name it in one word: weapons, gemstones and fruits.
• In the sea it is small, but on land it can cut the surface of the ice. Who is (or what is)?
• The old man ate dry bread. Q: Where did the fish bones on the table come from?

Sayings and proverbs

Homonyms can be "played" when compiling sayings and proverbs. You can practice and come up with your own, you just need a little imagination and ingenuity:

• mow oblique, if not itself oblique;
• go on the shelf in summer, so as not to put your teeth on the shelf in winter;
• compose a competent sentence to make a beautiful proposal to a girl.

Differences

Homonyms can be easily confused with a polysemantic word.

Polysemy means in Russian several meanings of one word, each of which is connected with the other in meaning and does not differ radically from it.

Examples: a hat - a lady's, a nail, a mushroom. In all three cases, the meaning is not too different - it means some kind of upper part or accessory on the head.

The adjective "golden" is also used in several senses - made of precious metal (gold bar), having the best qualities (golden man).

In Russian, along with others, there are also dictionaries of homonyms. In them you can see the interpretation, study the tables and understand what homonyms are in Russian.

The most popular - dictionary Akhmanova (published in 1974). In it you can find a large number of articles (more than 2000) that describe homonyms (their pairs). Each of the articles contains information about the etymology of words, the characteristics of style, the type of homonyms, types of word formation and much more. The dictionary also contains applications: translations of pairs of words into foreign languages, index of taxonomy by type.

Homonymy is the sound coincidence of different words, the meanings of which are in no way related to each other.

This is what homonymy categorically differs from ambiguity. Homonyms differ from polysemous words in the following characteristics:

1) homonyms have no semantic connection;

2) homonyms have different word-formation connections;

3) homonyms have different lexical compatibility;

4) homonyms have different phraseological environment.

Reasons for the emergence of homonyms in Russian

Homonyms arise in the language as a result of the following reasons:

1) the sound coincidence of words that used to differ phonetically.

Examples: bow (plant) - bow (cold weapon); peace (lack of war) - peace (light).

The word "peace" in the meaning of "absence of war" until 1918 was written through i: peace. After the spelling reform of 1918, the letter "and decimal" was abolished, the spelling of the two words coincided;

2) borrowing words from . As a result, the word may coincide in form and sound with the original Russian word. Examples: marriage (, from the word "take") - marriage (lack, defect; came from German language via Polish); raid (sea berth; from the Dutch language) - raid (hike; from of English language);

3) the collapse of polysemy, i.e. if one of the meanings of a polysemantic word completely loses its semantic connection with its other meanings, then it breaks away from this word and turns into an independent lexical unit.

It is one of the most productive, but also the most difficult ways the formation of homonyms.

Examples: Wednesday (day of the week) - Wednesday (what surrounds us); light() - light(world);

4) the formation of derivative words from one base and according to one word-formation model, but with different meanings. Examples: drummer (performs actions with blows, drummer) - drummer (advanced worker); raincoat (cloak) - raincoat (mushroom).

Of course, you guessed that the boys did not understand each other, because they were talking about different things, while calling them the same word. This is an example of homonyms. After all, oatmeal is a bird, and oatmeal is also a cereal.

Homonyms Words that are similar in sound and spelling but different in meaning. The word "homonym" comes from two Greek words: omos- the same onimo- name.

Consider examples of homonyms, compare the sound, spelling and meaning of words.

In the sea, a land strip

It's called a braid

And the girl has a braid

Ripe oats.

There is dew on the grass

The scythe mows the grass.

I have one question:

How many braids are there in the world?

Rice. 2. Homonyms: braid ()

Spit- a narrow shoal running from the shore.

Spit- braided hair.

Spit- a tool for mowing grass.

The porridge ripened in the meadow.

Cow Masha eats porridge.

Masha likes lunch:

Nothing tastes better!

Kashka- white clover.

Kashka- a dish of grains boiled in water or milk.

Say "spring" -

And here arose

Runs in the green

Cheerful key murmuring.

And we call the spring the key

(The key to the door has nothing to do with it).

Rice. 3. Homonyms: Key ()

Key- spring.

Key- Locking device.

We are foxes

Friendly sisters.

Well, who are you?

We are foxes too!

How, with one paw?

No, even with a hat.

Rice. 4. Homonyms: Chanterelles ()

Chanterelles- mushrooms.

Chanterelles- animals.

Come learn to shoot with me

And look for me on the ridge.

I can hit the bird accurately

And also I get into cabbage soup.

Rice. 5. Homonyms: Bow ()

Onion- plant.

Polysemantic words and homonyms are spelled the same. The main difference between them is that polysemantic words have something in common in the lexical meaning (color, shape), while the lexical meanings of homonyms are completely different.

If you doubt the definition of a polysemantic word or homonym, an explanatory dictionary will come to your aid. Consider the difference in the entry of dictionary entries:

The root is a polysemantic word that has several meanings:

1. The underground part of plants.

2. The inner part of the hair, tooth.

3. Beginning, source of something (figurative).

4. Significant part of the word.

In the dictionary of a polysemantic word, each of its meanings is indicated by a number.

Consider how homonyms are represented in the dictionary. For example:

A faucet is a shut-off device in the form of a tube for the release of liquid or gas.

A crane is a machine for lifting and moving goods over short distances.

In the dictionary, homonyms have a separate dictionary entry.

It is possible to determine the meaning of homonyms only when the word is used in a phrase or in a sentence.

Let's complete the task.

Let's look at the pictures. Let's make sentences or phrases with homonyms to show their different lexical meaning.

1. Fluffy mink.

2. Deep mink.

Rice. 11. Homonyms: Mink ()

1. We saw a picture with a predatory lynx.

2. The horse was trotting.

Rice. 12. Homonyms: Lynx ()

1. Do not pollute the environment.

2. Grandmother will arrive on Wednesday.

Rice. 13. Homonyms: Wednesday ()

So, we learned that in Russian there are words that are spelled and pronounced the same way, but have different lexical meanings. These words are called homonyms.

Homonyms are often used in puzzles and riddles, for example:

What fabric can not be used to sew a shirt?

From the railway.

Which faucet can't drink from?

From the lift.

In which cage are birds and animals not kept?

In the chest.

Which forests do not have game?

In construction.

What kind of belt can not be girdled?

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Enlightenment, 2012 (http://www.twirpx.com/file/1153023/)
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Balass.
3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M.: Bustard.

1. Bukina-69.ucoz.ru ().
2. toyskola.ucoz.ru ().
3. The festival pedagogical ideas "Public lesson" ().

• Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Enlightenment, 2012. P2. Do ex. 33, 34 p. 25.
• Find homonyms for these words. Make up sentences to understand the meaning of the words.

Castle, foam, cream.

• * Using the knowledge gained in the lesson, come up with riddles or puzzles, where the answers are homonymous words.

In many languages ​​of the planet there is such a thing as homonymy. It is based on the fact that words and morphemes that are the same in sound and spelling have different meanings. They are called "homonyms". Examples of them are found all over the place. We use them very often in ordinary speech.

Homonyms

Examples confirming this phenomenon are known to many. These are common words:

• "bow" in the meanings of plant and weapon;
• "escape", in one case denoting a young branch, and in another - unauthorized hasty departure.

Out of context, it is difficult to determine exactly what meaning these homonyms are used in. Example sentences with words will demonstrate this phenomenon clearly.

• Green onions are especially good in vegetable salads.
• The boy was given a toy bow and arrow for his birthday.
• The apple tree gave a young shoot, but the gardener pruned it in the fall.
• The Count of Monte Cristo escaped from prison in a creative way, replacing the prisoner's corpse with himself.

Examples of phrases will help to understand what homonyms mean:

• "green onions" and "accurate onions";
• "maiden spit" and "river spit";
• "three apples" and "three rag stain".

This phenomenon is quite entertaining, therefore it is often used by Russian language teachers as an entertaining technique in studying the subject, a way to expand the vocabulary and horizons of students.

Games with homonyms in the classroom and extracurricular activities

To conduct this competition, you should prepare pairs of words that have the same pronunciation and spelling, but completely different meanings. Only meanings are offered to players, and the words themselves (you can use one spelling for both) are hidden under a cardboard picture that will serve as a point token, for example, a pattern of a tree leaf, an apple, a gold ingot. The participant who correctly named the homonyms receives this emblem after the correct answer as a point. At the end of the game, token points are counted up and a winner is chosen.

Homonyms are suitable for the competition, examples of which may be as follows (it should be recalled that only pictures are presented to participants and viewers, the words themselves are closed):

• "shop" as a piece of furniture and a medium-sized outlet;
• the word "lama", acting in one sense as an animal, and in another - as a Tibetan monk.

In the lesson, you can offer students one or two pairs of words. This task will take only a few minutes, and the benefits will be huge. Indeed, in addition to the above, this type of activity generates and strengthens interest in the study of the Russian language.

Homonymy and polysemy

Many words have more than one meaning. Coinciding in spelling, they differ lexically. It is necessary to distinguish between homonyms and polysemantic words. Examples of polysemy are also quite common. For example, two words pronounced as "key" can act as homonyms in the following way:

• spring and device for opening.

But in the meanings of “violin”, “wrench”, “from the door lock”, “device for rolling cans”, “key” is one word. This is an amazing linguistic feature, which should already be considered as a phenomenon of polysemy. Indeed, in each of the listed options, the ability of the key to open something appears: a musical string or some object. It is one word with different meanings, not different homonyms.

There are a great many examples of such polysemantic words in Russian speech. Sometimes it is quite difficult to separate them from homonyms.

Polysemy sometimes comes from the transition of the name by external resemblance. This is

• "sleeve" - ​​a separate riverbed and part of the shirt;
• "tape" - a device for a girl's hairstyle and a long road, the moving part of the conveyor.

The ambiguity of these words arose from the outward similarity of some features. For example, a sleeve in clothing is separated from a common large object. And the branching of the channel resembles the same phenomenon. Actually, the word “trouser leg” could have appeared in this version, but for some reason the Russian people chose the “sleeve”.

The tape is a narrow long object. Apparently, the person who invented the conveyor saw the similarity of its moving part with a device for a girl's hairstyle. This is how the name transition, the phenomenon of polysemy, took place.

Etymological homonymy

A group of words refers to homonyms unambiguously, since their very origin is already different. Therefore, in the task “Give examples of homonyms that differ etymologically”, you need to pick up such words that came into Russian speech from different languages. To do this, look into the etymological dictionary.

These are the word "boron", denoting chemical element, and its homonym is pine forest. The first noun came into Russian speech from the Persian language, where it sounded like "borax", that is, a compound of boron. The name of the pine forest is of Slavic origin.

Some linguists believe that the existence of the phenomenon of homonymy should be recognized only where the etymology of words differs.

The same linguists do not see homonymy in the noun "ether" as organic matter and in the meaning of "broadcasting and television". After all, historically both words have a common etymology. They came from the ancient Greek root αἰθήρ, which means "mountain air". And if the task says: “Give examples of homonyms,” and the respondent uses the word “ether” in two meanings, then these scientists will consider the answer incorrect.

Disputes of linguists about polysemy and homonymy

However, not everyone can offhand determine the historical origin of words. Often this requires special dictionaries. Therefore, most people see that the meanings of the word "ether" are completely different and classify them as homonyms. Therefore, some linguists also do not see ambiguity here. The explanatory dictionary also refers them to different words with different meanings.

Examples of homonyms that cause controversy among linguists are as follows:

• “braid” in the meaning of a hairstyle and a mowing tool, since some argue that there is a transition of the name according to external similarity (thin and long);
• "pen" as a tool for writing, a device for opening, switching on, since some people determine polysemy by the fact that they have something in common in the mode of action (they write and open with their hands);
• "feather" in the sense of "pen" and as a skin horn formation of birds and some dinosaurs, considering that the first meaning came to the word from the historical way of writing with bird feathers.

Some linguists refer to homonymy all words in which polysemy can be traced. They consider polysemy only a special case.

Full homonyms

Linguists divide words that have the same pronunciation and spelling and have different meanings into two groups. Full lexical homonyms belonging to the same grammatical category are allocated to one category. Examples of these: "scythe", "tongue", "escape", "key" and others. In all their forms, these words coincide both in spelling and in pronunciation.

Incomplete or partial homonyms

There are also words that coincide only in some forms. These are grammatical homonyms. Examples of this phenomenon often refer to different parts speeches:

• “three” is a verb of the 2nd person singular imperative with the initial form “rub” and “three” is a cardinal number;
• "oven" is a verb in indefinite form and "oven" is a feminine singular noun;
• "saw" is a feminine singular past tense verb and "saw" is a feminine singular noun.

Grammatical homonymy is also observed in words belonging to the same part of speech. For example, the verbs of the 1st person singular of the present tense "fly". The first word is defined as an action related to medicine. Already the infinitive will sound like "treat". And the second verb has the initial form "to fly" and denotes the action of making a flight.

Partial homonymy is observed in words of the same grammatical category. This happens when words differ in only one form. For example, two nouns "weasel" - an animal and a manifestation of tenderness - do not coincide only in the genitive plural. These homonyms will look like “weasels” and “weasels” in this form.

Homonyms and homophones

Some confuse the phenomenon of homonymy with others. For example, homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings but are spelled differently. These are not homonyms! Examples of words that are homophones show this feature.

• “Cat” is a pet, and “code” is most often a certain set of characters or sounds.

Everyone will notice that these words should be written in different ways. But by ear to catch the difference is almost impossible. The word "code" must be pronounced with a stunning final consonant. This is where the sound similarity comes from.

Homonymy and homography

There are other linguistic phenomena similar to the one we are considering. For example, homographs are interesting because they are the same in spelling, but are pronounced differently, most often due to stress. They are also not homonyms. Examples of homograph words are as follows:

• gate - gate;
• castle - castle;
• smell - smell.

Homographs are also interesting for composing tasks for contests and games. With the help of picture riddles in which homographs are encrypted, linguistic activities can be diversified.