The second edition of the Latin-Russian Dictionary has been significantly supplemented, mainly due to the inclusion of vocabulary from Late Latin monuments. It makes it possible to read and translate all the main works of Roman literature that have survived to this day, historical writings and legal documents, as well as the most important works of Christian patristics and some special works written in Latin until the middle of the 7th century AD. e.
All words and examples in the dictionary are provided with an indication of the main authors in whose works they occur.

A, a is the first letter of the Latin alphabet; in abbreviations: A. (Aulus Avl (praenomen); A. (Augustus) August; A. August; A. (annus) year; A.A.A. (aurum, argentum, aes) gold, silver, copper; a (antiquo or abdfco) I reject, I reject, I vote against the new proposal (marked in the written voting of the committees) or (absolvo) I justify (marking on the tables in the written vote of the judges, therefore - littera salutari): a.d. (ante diem): a ,d. VIII Kalendas Novembres 7 days before the November calends, a.i.s. (ab urbe condita) from the foundation of Rome or (anno urbis conditae) a year from the foundation of Rome, A. (auditor) - in Tusc. Disp. C (unlike M - magister).

I a, ab, (before te) ads praep. sieve 1.space:
1) from, from the neighborhood, from: ab urbe Cs. SI etc. from the city, from the city limits; ab Gergovia dis-cedere Cs to depart from Gergovia; a sole recedёre C move away from (so as not to obscure) the sun; legati ab Ardea venerunt L the ambassadors came from Ardea; distare (or abesse PI etc.) a loco Hirt, L to be at (some) distance (or stand) from (some) place; procul a mari Cs away from the sea; non longe a Syracusis L near Syracuse; prope ab Italia L near Italy; a miiibus passuum duobus Cs at two thousand paces; a pectore V from the depths of the soul, from the (whole) heart; ad carcferes a calce revocari pogov. C to return from the end to the beginning, that is, to start life anew; venit a se PI, Teg came from home (from his home); usque aCapitolio Comte of the Capitol itself;

2) from, at, from the side, on, in, to: Gallia attingit flumen Rhenum ab Helvetils Cs Gallia reaches (extends to) the Rhine River at the Helvetian border (from the side of the Helvetians); ab Sequanis Cs from the side of sequoias; a porta Cs at the gate, but also. P1 counting from the gate; a dextro cornu Cs etc." on the right flank (wing); a latere Cs etc. on the side; a fronte Cs etc. in front; a tergo Cs etc. behind; ab occasu et ortfl solis L from the west and from the east (in the west and in the east).

Free download e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Latin-Russian Dictionary, Dvoretsky I.Kh., 1976 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

• Problems in mathematics and physics offered at the entrance exams in 1974-76, Nikolsky Yu.S., Fedosov B.V., Chekhlov V.I., Kozel S.M., Belonuchkin V.E., Shelagin A.V. ., 1977
• Literary reading, grade 4, Workbook No. 2, to the textbook by L.F. Klimanova, V.G. Goretsky and others. “Literary reading. 4th grade. At 2 o'clock", Tikhomirova E.M., 2020
• Fundamentals of mathematical modeling and optimization of processes and systems for air purification and regeneration, Dvoretsky S.I., Matveev S.V., Putin S.B., Tugolukov E.N., 2008

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The publication consists of Latin-Russian (about 13 thousand words) and Russian-Latin (about 15 thousand words) dictionaries. Latin-Russian dictionary contains the most commonly used vocabulary Latin both ancient and medieval period, which allows you to use it to read almost any Latin-language literature. The Russian-Latin Dictionary also includes concepts not only of ancient and medieval Latin, but also of the New Age and the present. Therefore, the dictionary will be useful both for those who study the language of Caesar and Cicero, Petrarch and Thomas Aquinas, and for those who are trying to create their own Latin texts. For high school and university students studying Latin, for linguists and anyone interested in ancient and modern languages.

The work belongs to the genre Dictionaries. On our site you can download the book "Latin-Russian and Russian-Latin Dictionary" in fb2, rtf, epub, pdf, txt format or read online. The rating of the book is 3.77 out of 5. Here, before reading, you can also refer to the reviews of readers who are already familiar with the book and find out their opinion. In the online store of our partner you can buy and read the book in paper form.

To get a transliteration (transcription) of Latin words online, enter/paste a word or text in Latin (up to 200 characters) and, if necessary, click the Translit button.

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Features of transliteration (transcription) of words / text in Latin

1. Latin characters of any case are processed; the result is given in Russian letters in lower case:

1. The following latin characters with accents are processed: ā ē ī ō ū ; â ê î ô û ; ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ; ǎ ǐ ǒ ǔ ě ; œ æ ; ў ỹ ȳ ; yo:

1. latin letter j in all positions is passed as [th]. The possibility of using the letter is taken into account i instead of j.

1. In the results of transliteration, the sign G conveys a fricative [γ] , sign ў - non-syllable sound [y]. Settings allow you to use instead of the sign G signs G or X, instead of the sign ў - sign in. For Android devices instead G the default is [ h].

1. The Tradition preset allows you to transliterate Latin words according to traditional rules (any option can be changed using the settings). In particular:

• s, c, combinations ti;
• positional variants of reading combinations are not taken into account ns, sm, prefixes ex-;
• combinations qu, ngu [kv], [ngv]:
• combinations ae, oe transliterated as [e]:

1. The Classic set of settings allows you to transliterate Latin words according to the classical rules (you can change any option using the settings). In particular:

• positional variants of reading letters are not taken into account s, c, combinations ti, ns, sm, prefixes ex-;
• combinations qu, ngu before u transliterated as [ku], [ngu], in other cases - as [kv], [ngv];
• combination ae transliterated as [e], oe- how [ӭ] :

• use u instead of instead of v not supported:

1. The Medicine preset allows you to transliterate Latin words according to the rules used for reading medical, biological, chemical Latin terms (any option can be changed using the settings). In particular:

• positional variants of reading letters are taken into account s, c, combinations ti, ns, sm, prefixes ex-;
• combinations qu, ngu before all vowels are transliterated as [kv], [ngv]:
• combinations ae, oe transliterated as [e]:

1. In the modes "Tradition", "Classic" in words of Greek origin s between vowels is correctly processed only in cases:

• if after there are combinations in the word th, ph, rh, ch, sm or letters y, z;
• if the word contains Greek term elements taken into account in the script:

Use the rule:

In words of Greek origin, the formal features of which are the letters y, z and combinations th, ph, rh, ch, sm letter s between vowels is always read as [With]: hypophysis [gipofisis].

1. Reading options at the junction of morphemes are taken into account in the following cases:

• in word forms sua:

• in forms on -nti-um:

• in comparative forms -t-ior-:

• in combination eu at the end of a word before m, s:

1. in forms on -e-und-:

1. if the word contains prefixes, term elements, words taken into account in the script:

1. The beats are not placed.

Use the rules:

1. In words of two or more syllables, the stress is never placed on the last syllable.
2. In words of two syllables, the stress is placed on the first syllable: ró-sa [ro-za].
3. In words of three syllables, the place of stress is determined by the penultimate syllable:

1. if the penultimate syllable has a long vowel or diphthong, the penultimate syllable is stressed: oc-c ī́ -do [ok-qi-do], the-s au-rus [te-sau-rus];
2. if the penultimate syllable has a short vowel, the stress is placed on the third syllable from the end: lí-qu ĭ -dus [li-qui-dus];
3. if the penultimate syllable has a vowel before two or more consonants, the stress is placed on the penultimate syllable: ma-gí s-t er [ma-gis-ter];
4. if the penultimate syllable has a vowel before a vowel, the stress is placed on the third syllable from the end: ná-t i-o[na-qi-o].

The only one dead language, which continues to be in active use. Usually, languages ​​fall out of use and become dead due to displacement by other languages. So it was with the Coptic language, which replaced , the dialects of the native inhabitants of America were replaced by , and . In most cases, dead languages ​​are not used at all and are preserved only in written monuments.

Latin remains active, albeit in limited use. Other examples of such usage are Sanskrit, Avestan and some other languages. There are examples of the revival of dead languages, such as the Manx language.

Latin is the progenitor of the Italian branch of the Indo-European languages. Currently, Latin is the official language of the Order of Malta and the Roman Catholic Church. Many words of European languages ​​and international vocabulary come from Latin.

History of Latin

This language got its name from the tribe of the Latins from the region of Latium, located in the middle of the Apennine Peninsula. According to legend, Romulus and Remus are here in the 8th century BC. e. founded the eternal city. Along with the expansion of the territories of the Roman state, the Latin language also spread. By the 5th century AD, when the Western Roman Empire fell, Latin was the international medium of communication throughout the conquered lands of the Mediterranean. Somewhat less was the influence in her colonies, in Sicily and the south of the Apennines.

Latin was, perhaps, the most developed European language of that period, with a rich lexical composition, covering abstract concepts, well-organized grammar, and conciseness of definitions.

The entire history of the existence of Latin is divided into several periods:

• Archaic - VI-IV centuries BC. e.
• Preclassical - III-II centuries BC. e. This is the period of registration of the literary form of the language, embodied in the works of Terentius, Plautus, Cato the Elder.
• Golden Age - 1st century BC e. The heyday of the Latin language under Emperor Augustus. Classical Latin has gained completeness and this is evidenced by the works of Cicero, Horace, Ovid, Virgil.
• Silver Age - 1st century AD e. Classical Latin was influenced by the languages ​​of the colonies, which resulted in a slight decrease in the norms of the literary language.
• Vulgar Latin developed during the Middle Ages. Many new words came into the language, the language of that period is called "kitchen Latin".
• The era of humanism of the XIV-XVII centuries again brought Latin closer to the "gold standard". But the gap between classical Latin and its vulgar variant widened more and more. In Italy of that period, society experienced many evolutionary upheavals and this strengthened the position of the Latin language. The Renaissance elevated Latin to a cult, the language was glorified and studied, treatises were written about it and sung in literary works. Along with this, the simplification of Latin and the translation of books written in this language into Italian are clearly visible.

Latin was still the language of science, but Galileo Galilei, by his own example, forced scientists to switch to vernacular. To XVIII century the use of Latin narrowed to the realms of science and diplomacy.

The French Revolution was the impetus for the withdrawal of Latin from the universities, now teaching was conducted in new languages. In the 19th century, Latin almost completely fell into disuse, remaining an instrument of scientific research for classical philologists and physicians. The next century pushed Latin out of the Catholic Church after allowing worship in the national languages.

In the modern world, doctors, biologists, and philologists use Latin. Majority scientific terms came to us from Latin, and it has become an international scientific language.

• From colloquial Latin, all modern Romance languages ​​were formed. Thus, learning Latin allows you to understand several European languages.
• The word "coin" in Latin means "adviser". This was the name of the Roman goddess Juno, near the temple of which there were workshops that minted money. Juno's adviser gave the name to metallic money, and in English language money in general - money.
• Latin words always have the same meaning, which makes their use very convenient for scientific terminology.
• Classical Latin pronunciation and modern language do not match at all, but since the language is used mainly in writing, this does not matter.
• Latin is the common ancestor of all Romance languages. However, these languages ​​have significant differences, which is explained by different times penetration of the language into a particular territory. Over time, Latin changed, and local languages, in interaction with Latin, created new forms.
• Traces of Latin in British toponymy can be traced in the names of cities containing -chester or -castle, which means a fortification or military camp (Manchester, Lancaster, Newcastle, Lincoln, etc.).
• The increased penetration of Latin into European languages ​​\u200b\u200bbegan during the time of Peter I. Although in the Old Russian language there were already borrowings directly from Latin, go through: bathhouse, chamber, mint, cherry.

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