The Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated January 11, 1978, in order to ensure the service and combat activities of the internal troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs for the protection of the most important artificial structures and the fulfillment of special tasks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, prescribed the creation of aviation military units. By order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs dated March 3, 1978, the first aviation military unit was formed - a separate aviation squadron with deployment in Khabarovsk. This date is considered the birthday of the aviation of the internal troops.
In order to intensify further activities to develop the infrastructure of the newly created aviation military units of the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, an aviation department was created in the Main Directorate of the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. In the future, given the importance and scale of the tasks being solved, as well as the pace of development of the aviation component of the internal troops, in early 1991, an aviation department was created on the basis of the aviation department.
The first helicopter air units and separately based aviation units of the internal troops, formed in the period from 1978 to 1980, were armed with Mi-8T helicopters transferred from the USSR Ministry of Defense and the Border Troops of the KGB of the USSR. Subsequently, equipment began to be purchased from the aviation industry.
An invaluable contribution to the formation of the first aviation military units of the internal troops, their formation and development was made by the Honored Military Pilot of the USSR, Major General of Aviation Vladimir Mikhailovich Ponomarev (1935-2007). In commemoration of special personal merits and perpetuation of the memory of V.M. Ponomarev, by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated January 29, 2008 No. 75, the Il-76MD aircraft was given the honorary name "Vladimir Ponomarev" by one of the aviation units of the internal troops.
The end of the 80s of the last century was marked in our history by the emergence of many interethnic conflicts in various regions of the USSR. Solving the problems of their localization required the creation of military groups. The personnel of the internal troops with standard weapons and equipment had to be transferred over considerable distances. Previously, military transport aircraft of the Ministry of Defense were used for these purposes at the request, so the leadership of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs made a decision, supported by the Council of Ministers, to purchase Il-76 heavy transport aircraft and Mi-26 heavy helicopters for internal troops.
The further collapse of the USSR and the long-term economic problems associated with it led to an increase in the interdepartmental disunity of law enforcement agencies in the course of carrying out tasks. Under these conditions, the presence of its own fleet of heavy aircraft and various types of helicopters allowed the internal troops to quickly deploy significant forces and assets to areas with a complicated situation, as well as successfully perform a wide range of special tasks using helicopters on the ground.
The fight against illegal armed formations in the North Caucasus region of our country urgently required a change in existing tactics and the operational formation of internal troops, including its aviation. In the early 1990s, the Mi-24 and Mi-8MTV helicopters were put into service, capable of using the entire range of standard weapons installed on them. Since 1995, an air reconnaissance and command complex based on the Mi-8MTV helicopter has been adopted, which significantly expanded the range of tasks to be solved.
Aviation of the internal troops is a formation of state aviation capable of acting to solve the service and combat tasks assigned to the internal troops by the Federal Law of February 6, 1997 No. 27-ФЗ “On the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Russian Federation": transportation of personnel, weapons, combat and special equipment of the internal troops, other materiel; combat support for the actions of internal troops and internal affairs bodies in the course of their performance of tasks to ensure the state of emergency, combat organized crime, in armed conflicts, emergencies and other emergencies.
Aviation of the Internal Troops is harmoniously integrated into the organizational structure of the Internal Troops, has its own developed regulatory and legal framework that regulates its activities, the system of control and operation of aviation equipment that has developed and tested over the years, it is able to perform the entire range of tasks for its intended purpose.
Considering the change in the structure of threats to the internal security of the country and the adjustment of the foundations law enforcement, the role and place of aviation of internal troops in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia will only be strengthened.
Brief information and photographs on 27 aircraft of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia from Chkalovsky and Ermolino.
Chkalovsky airfield
An-72 ( RF-72922 , former numbers: RA-72922, USSR-72922) , s/n 36572040560 . (72922 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- did not pass. Based in Chkalovsky.
An-72 ( RF-72923 , former numbers: RA-72923, USSR-72923) , s/n 36572060590 .
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR - 2002 year. Based in Chkalovsky.
An-72 ( RF-72924 , former numbers: RA-72924, USSR-72924) , s/n 36572060600 . (72924 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- did not pass. Based in Chkalovsky.
An-72 ( RA-72976 , former numbers: USSR-72976, 976 black) , s/n 36572094884 .
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - in storage. Extreme CWR- did not pass. Based in Chkalovsky.
An-72 ( RF-72979 , former number: RA-72979) , s/n 36572095908 . (72979 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR - 2005 year. Based in Chkalovsky.
Tu-134A-3 ( RF-65912 , former numbers: RA-65912, USSR-65912) , s/n 63985 . (65912 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR on the ARZ-407 In Minsk - 2012 year. Based in Chkalovsky.
Tu-134A-3 ( RF-65990, former numbers: RA-65990, USSR-65990), s/n 63690 . (65990 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2015 of the year - in storage (repair in Rostov-on-Don). Extreme CWR on the ARZ-412 in Rostov-on-Don - 2012 year. Based in Chkalovsky.
Tu-134UB-L ( RF-66049 , former numbers: RA-64615, 37 red ) , s/n 64615 . (66049 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Chkalovsky.
Tu-154b-2 ( RA-85565 , former numbers: ER-85565, USSR-85565 ) , s/n 82A565. (85565 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Chkalovsky.
Tu-154M ( RA-85735 , former number: B-2627) , s/n 92A917. (85735 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Chkalovsky.
Tu-154M ( RF-85135 , former numbers: RA-85135, B-2628) , s/n 92A922. (85135 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR on the Aviacore in Samara - 2011 year. Based in Chkalovsky.
Ermolino airfield
An-26 ( RF-56300 , former number: 11 yellow ) , s/n 1004 .
A photo - August 17, 2013. On the July 2016 of the year - in storage. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Ermolino.
An-26 ( RF-56301 / 14 yellow ) , s/n 3207 .
A photo - January 5, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - in storage(in Ermolino). Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Novosibirsk.
An-26 ( RF-56302 , former numbers: 06 yellow , CCCP-48980) , s/n 4701 . (56302 )
A photo - August 15, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Ermolino, formerly in Rostov-on-Don.
An-26 personalized "Nikolai Garidov" ( RF-56303 , former number: 10 yellow ) , s/n 7601 . (56303 )
A photo - August 15, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Ermolino.
An-26 ( RF-56304 , former numbers: 15 yellow , 25 red ) , s/n 8307 . (56304 )
A photo - July 9, 2016. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR on the 308 ARZ in Ivanovo - 2000 year. Based in Rostov-on-Don.
An-26 ( RF-56305 , former number: 55 yellow ) , s/n 8705 . (56305 )
A photo - July 9, 2016. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Ermolino.
An-26 ( RF-56306 ) , s/n 0403 . (56306 )
A photo - January 5, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR on the 308 ARZ in Ivanovo - 2011 year. Based in Ermolino.
An-26 ( RF-56309 , former numbers: 04 yellow, CCCP-46822 ) , s/n 0605 .
A photo - August 15, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR on the 308 ARZ in Ivanovo - 2011 year. Based in Novosibirsk.
An-26 ( RF-36174 , former number: CCCP-26643 ) , s/n 6601 .
A photo - August 17, 2013. On the July 2016 of the year - in storage. Extreme CWR on the 308 ARZ in Ivanovo - 2010 year. Based in Ermolino.
An-12BK ( RF-12042 , former number: 07 yellow ) , s/n 8345707 . (12042 )
A photo - August 15, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR on the 325 ARZ in Taganrog - 2009 year. Based in Ermolino.
An-12BK ( RF-12043 , former number: 08 yellow ) , s/n 9346610 .
The Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation trace their history back to the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. During the collapse of the USSR, the former Soviet internal troops were divided among the former Soviet republics on a territorial basis.
By decree of the President of the RSFSR of October 20, 1991, all formations of the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs stationed on the territory of the RSFSR were taken under the jurisdiction of the RSFSR and subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
The internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia acquired official status on September 24, 1992, with the adoption of the Law of the Russian Federation No. 3534-1 "On the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation".
Until 1996, they carried out the protection of correctional institutions, and the functions of escorting a special contingent - until January 1, 1999.
Chechen conflict
The internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia participated in establishing constitutional order in the North Caucasus during the two Chechen wars. See main articles:
The internal troops ensured order in the North Caucasus, performing the tasks of patrol service and prompt response to emerging riots.
In modern Russia until 2016
On March 2, 1993, on the basis of the regional departments of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the districts of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia were created: Eastern, Volga, North-Western, North Caucasian, Siberian, Ural, Moscow. The districts lasted until January 1, 2008.
Until 2016, the internal troops of the Russian Federation were an association - specialized for law enforcement within the state. Modern internal troops were sufficiently motorized, operational (motorized rifle) units had armored vehicles. The internal troops had their own aviation squadrons, engineering and small naval units.
The internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia continued to develop and improve, gathering experienced personnel of the armed forces of the Russian Federation and special services (
A good article on "small" aviation, which included the air units that served the Strategic Missile Forces, and later the space forces.
It is clear that the wide coverage did not allow us to talk in detail about the aviation of the Strategic Missile Forces, but even a little is useful.
In addition to this book, aviation of the Strategic Missile Forces is devoted to another publication, which, unfortunately, I do not have. Here is his data:
Dobrokhotov V.A., Arkharov B.K., Tarasyuk A.I., Litvinyuk V.I., Rivanenko V.K. Aviation of Strategic Missile Forces. Historical outline/ CIPC, 2002
Alexander Korolev
"Small aircraft" of the Soviet security forces
In addition to the “large” aviation in the Armed Forces of the USSR (Air Force, Air Defense, Navy, AA), almost 1,400 aircraft were part of the so-called “small” aviation, were both in the Armed Forces, and in the KGB and in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
| Affiliation law enforcement agency | Aviation | Quantity | |||
| regiments | Separate squadrons | Separate detachments | LA | ||
| USSR Ministry of Defense | Strategic Missile Forces | 3 | 38 | - | 500 |
| Airborne | - | 9 | - | 200 | |
| HF | 2 | 2 | - | 185 | |
| GO | - | - | 3 | 15 | |
| KGB USSR | PV | 9 | 8 | 1 | 420 |
| Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR | VV MIA, MIA | - | 5 | - | 60 |
| Total: | 14 | 62 | 4 | 1380 | |
Aviation Airborne Forces
Own aviation was part of one of the most combat-ready components of the Ground Forces - the Airborne Forces: squadrons were attached to the headquarters of the airborne forces, including An-2 aircraft and Mi-8 helicopters, intended mainly for the initial training of personnel in parachute landing (so for 50 years of its existence The 110th Aviation Squadron parachuted more than 2,000,000 people) and solved communications tasks.
| Aviation Airborne Forces | ||||||
| 58 | ove | Ryazan (Turlatovo) | Mi-8 | - | - | RVVDKU |
| 110 | osae | Tula (Myasnovo) | An-2 | Mi-8 | - | 106 Guards |
| 115 | osae | Fergana | An-2 | Mi-8 | - | 105 gvvdts |
| 116 | osae | Ganja | An-2 | Mi-8 | Mi-2 | 104 gvdd |
| 185 | osae | Kaunas | An-2 | Mi-8 | Mi-2 | 7 gvdts |
| 210 | osae | Vitebsk (Northern) | An-2 | Mi-8 | - | 103 gvdd |
| 242 | osae | Pskov (Shabanovo) | An-2 | Mi-8 | Mi-2 | 76 gvdd |
| 243 | osae | Bolgrad | An-2 | Mi-8 | - | 98 gvdd |
| 266 | osae | Gaijunai | An-2 | Mi-8 | - | 242 CA |
Aviation of the Airborne Forces was created by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR dated December 29, 1958, when 7 aviation squadrons of An-2 aircraft were transferred from the Air Force.
In addition to the osae on the An-2 and Mi-8, the Airborne Forces aviation had a number of subdivisions of direct subordination: the 58th ove at the Ryazan VVDKU, the 266th osae at the 242nd training center in the Lithuanian Gayzhunay. Two more units were attached to the headquarters of the Airborne Forces - the 185th ovo in Podolsk (from the AA) and the JSC in Klin (from the Air Force).
The main part of the aviation units of the Airborne Forces was stationed in the Moscow Military District and the PribVO (two OSAE each). In LenVO, OdVO, BelVO, ZakVO and TurkVO there were one each.
From 1984 to 1998, Colonel A.S. was the head of the Airborne Forces aviation. Saveliev.
 An-2 Airborne Forces Aviation |
Aviation Strategic Missile Forces
The history of aviation of the Strategic Missile Forces dates back to 1950, when an aviation unit of Po-2 aircraft was created at the 4th State Central Training Ground of the Ministry of Defense (Kapustin Yar). The aircraft included in its composition were involved in increasing the efficiency of control, searching for places where missile stages fell, collecting and delivering research materials, and solving other transportation tasks. In subsequent years, the link grew to the size of the osae.
Aviation units, and later squadrons, were created to support the activities of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, the 43rd Separate Scientific Test Station (ONIS), located in Kamchatka.
In 1958, the first OSAE was created, which ensured the vital activity of the intercontinental ballistic missile formation (Plesetsk). By the middle of 1959, 4 OSAE were created as part of the Strategic Missile Forces, armed with Il-12, Il-14, Li-2, Po-2, Yak-12, Yak-18 aircraft and Mi-4 helicopters.
On December 17, 1959, a new type of the USSR Armed Forces was formed - the Strategic Missile Forces, in the same year the first osaps were created as part of the Strategic Missile Forces (Baikonur and Kapustin Yar, 99th and 158th osaps, respectively).
In 1960, the newly formed missile armies began to be attached to the osae, and individual missile corps to separate aviation detachments. In 1964, the first OVE (10th OVE, Tatishchevo settlement) was created to ensure the life of the 60th Missile Division. In total, by the end of 1964, the aviation that was part of the Strategic Missile Forces had 2 osap, 5 osa and 2 ove.
Later, as the combat power of the most formidable branch of the armed forces of the USSR grew, its strength also increased, reaching its maximum by the end of 1991, when the Strategic Missile Forces aviation included 3 osap, 7 osae / otae and 31 ove. At that time, An-12, An-24, An-26, An-72, IL-18SIP, IL-20RT, IL-22 aircraft and Mi-6, Mi-8, Mi-9 helicopters served in its composition. 19R and Mi-22 (about 500 aircraft in total).
It is also worth noting that in 1982 the Main Directorate space facilities(GUKOS) was withdrawn from the Strategic Missile Forces and transferred to the direct subordination of the Minister of Defense of the USSR. At the same time, the 99th osap (Baikonur airfield) was also included in their composition.
At the level of missile divisions (and there were 43 of them at the time of the collapse of the USSR), helicopters were used, which performed, for the most part, the following tasks: delivery of personnel on duty; conducting various types of intelligence; photographic control of the quality of camouflage of command posts and launchers; anti-sabotage struggle; patrolling communications; escort of automobile convoys with special cargoes, launchers when they enter patrol routes; providing various kinds of tests, etc.
The commanders of missile divisions also had at their disposal specially designed helicopters - Mi-19R air command posts. But the operational-tactical formations - missile armies (there were 6 of them) could already boast of a “personal” aircraft unit: they were “relied” on the OSAE, which included mainly An-24/26, Il-22 and Mi-8 helicopters, Mi-9 and Mi-22.
Since the late 1980s Aviation of the Strategic Missile Forces began to be called on duty for search and rescue support of flights in the areas of responsibility of the aviation of military districts and air armies, and after the flight of Matthias Rust, to be on duty in the air defense system to intercept low-altitude low-speed targets.
In addition, part of aviation (sometimes up to osap) was attached to various scientific units, which were mainly engaged in tracking spacecraft flights. Their bright representative can be called the 84th osap (settlement Klyuchi, Kamchatka). Such units and units, in addition to performing purely transport tasks, were also engaged in filming launches, flights and landings of spacecraft, as well as collecting telemetric information. Osap was also attached to the 43rd ONIS "Kama" (Kamchatka), the 4th State Central Interspecific Test Site (Kapustin Yar) and the 1st State Test Site (Plesetsk).
Aviation of the Strategic Missile Forces among all small aviation was distinguished by a large number of separate squadrons, in this case - OVE, which was due to the specifics of its activities: these squadrons were attached missile divisions Strategic Missile Forces.
In Ermolino near Moscow, the “court” otae of the Main Staff of the Strategic Missile Forces was located, among other things, it included 5 An-72s. In addition, a separate aeronautic squadron was stationed in Kamchatka.
Of the 38 "combatant" ove and osae, the largest number was stationed in PUrVO - 9, SibVO - 7 and MVO - 6. There were four of them in ZabVO and PrikVO, three in BelVO, TurkVO - two, in DalVO, OdVO and KVO - one each .
From July 1983 to December 1991, the chief of the aviation apparatus of the Main Staff of the Strategic Missile Forces was Major General of Aviation I.A. Nekraha, then he was replaced by Major General of Aviation G.P. Kochergin, who held this position until 2000.
Aviation of the Space Forces
The Main Directorate of Space Facilities (GUKOS or, in everyday life, space troops), withdrawn in 1982 from the Strategic Missile Forces and directly subordinate to the Minister of Defense of the USSR, also included transport aircraft and helicopters that were used in solving current issues of the life of the cosmodromes of the Country of Soviets .
| Aviation of the Space Forces | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 70 | oitapon | Chkalovsky | IL-76 | An-12 | An-26 | Tu-134 | Tu-154 | L-39 |
| 99 | osap | Extreme (Baikonur) | An-72 | An-26 | Mi-8 | IL-20RT | IL-18 | An-24 |
| 54 | Uiae | Kapustin Yar (Znamensk) | Mi-8 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 286 | osae | Extreme (Baikonur) | An-12 | An-26 | Mi-8 | - | - | - |
The head of aviation of the Directorate of the head of space facilities of the USSR Ministry of Defense was in charge of the KV aviation. Until 1986, this position was called the head of aviation GUKOS.
A rather interesting aviation unit as part of the KV aviation was the 70th separate research and training aviation regiment of special purpose named after. Hero Soviet Union S.V. Seregin, which was intended, among other things, for flight and special training of future cosmonauts. The regiment was organizationally part of the 1st Research Institute of the Cosmonaut Training Center of the USSR Ministry of Defense. Yu.A. Gagarin. And, although at times it included up to four aviation squadrons, the beginning of the 1990s. the regiment met as part of two squadrons: the first - on the L-39 and the second, which included Il-76MDK, Tu-154M-LK-1, Tu-134LK (specialized aircraft for the training of astronauts) and Tu-134A, An-12, An- 26. He was also entrusted with the task of transporting the leadership of the space forces.
Another regiment, the 99th osap, together with the 286th osae, ensured the operation of the Baikonur cosmodrome. It included, among others, the An-72, Il-20RT and special telemetric versions of the Il-18 (in 1989-1990, all Il-20RTs were transferred to the Navy aviation). The main part of the KV aviation was stationed in TurkVO.
Aviation of the Civil Defense Troops
In 1981-1982 as part of the civil defense troops of the USSR, subordinate to the Ministry of Defense, at least three ovo were formed: 136th ovo (Krasnoyarsk (Cheremshanka), 137th ovo (Garovka-2), 138th ovo (Vladimir (Dobrynskoye) They included helicopters Mi-8 and Mi-6.According to some reports, there was another similar ovo in Barnaul.
| Aviation of the Civil Defense Troops | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 136 | ovo | Krasnoyarsk (Cheremshanka) | Mi-8 | Mi-6 |
| 137 | ovo | Garovka-2 | Mi-8 | Mi-6 |
| 138 | ovo | Vladimir (Dobrynskoye) | Mi-8 | - |
The railway troops also had their own helicopter detachments (for example, two ovo in 1974-1987 served the construction of the BAM, based in Chegdomyn and Tyumen / Tynda) and, according to some reports, the pipeline troops - in Vologda.
Aviation of the Border Troops of the KGB of the USSR
 Border Mi-8 |
 Yak-40 from the aviation PV of the KGB of the USSR |
| Aviation of the Border Troops of the KGB of the USSR | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | ouap | Stavropol (Shpakovskoe) | An-26 | An-72 | Yak-40 | Mi-8 | Mi-24 | Ka-27PS | pcc (PPM APV) |
| JSC CH |
Moscow (Sheremetyevo-2) | Tu-134 | IL-76 | An-72 | Yak-40 | Mi-8 | - | CHCP | |
| oaap | Vorkuta / Tiksi / Chersky | An-26 | An-24 | Mi-8 | Mi-26 | Ka-27PS | - | OAPO | |
| 10 | oap | Alma-Ata (Burundai) | Mi-8 | Mi-24 | Mi-26 | Yak-40 | An-26 | An-72 | KSAPO |
| 11 | oap | Vladivostok (Knevichi) / Sovetskaya Gavan | An-26 | Mi-8 | Yak-40 | Ka-27PS | Mi-24 | - | KDPO |
| 14 | oap | Petrozavodsk | An-26 | An-24 | Mi-8 | - | - | - | KSZPO |
| 15 | oap | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Yelizovo / Khalaktyrka) | An-26 | An-72 | Mi-8 | Ka-27PS | Mi-26 | Ka-25? | KTPO |
| 16 | oap | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Khomutovo) / Mendeleevo (Yuzhno-Kurilsk) | An-26 | An-72 | Yak-40 | Mi-8 | Mi-24 | Ka-27PS | KTPO |
| 17 | oap | Mary-3 / Nebit-Dag | Mi-8 | Mi-24 | An-26 | Mi-26? | - | - | KSAPO |
| 23 | oap | Dushanbe | Mi-8 | Mi-24 | Mi-26 | An-26 | - | - | KSAPO |
| 7 | uae | Providence Bay | An-26 | An-24 | Ka-27PS | Mi-8 | - | - | SVPO |
| 16 | uae | Khabarovsk | An-26 | An-24 | Yak-40 | Mi-8 | - | - | KDPO |
| 18 | uae | Chita (Cheryomushki) / Kyzyl | An-24 | An-26 | Mi-8 | - | - | - | KZabPO |
| 19 | uae | Blagoveshchensk | An-26 | An-24 | Mi-8 | Mi-24 | - | - | KDPO |
| 20 | uae | Rakvere / Riga (Skulte) / Ventspils | An-24 | An-26 | Mi-8 | Ka-27PS | - | - | KZPO |
| 21 | uae | Magadan (Falcon) | An-26 | An-24 | Mi-8 | - | - | - | SVPO |
| 22 | uae | Ucharal | Mi-8 | Mi-24 | - | - | - | - | kvpo |
| 24 | uae | Odessa (School) | An-26 | Mi-8 | Ka-27PS | - | - | - | KZapPO |
July 21, 1932, when the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR adopted a resolution on the formation of air squadrons as part of the border guard, can be considered the date of birth of PV aviation. These formations were created in 1932 in Tbilisi, Tashkent, Minsk, Alma-Ata, in 1933 - in Akmolinsk, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Nagaevo, Kazalinsk, Tashauz. Each detachment included 3-4 air units.
In 1935, separate air squadrons were created in Moscow and air squadrons in Grozny, Rostov-on-Don, Mary (Turkmenistan), n.p. Belaya (Transbaikalia), on Sakhalin, in Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, and an air link - in the Bay of Provision. Later, the UAE was formed in the Transcaucasus based on the Tbilisi airfield, as well as the OVE (Kabuletti), which are already in postwar period were reorganized into OUAP aviation PV.
As of the beginning of 1948, the border aviation had 10 aviation units and subunits, which included 182 aircraft. Since 1954, helicopters have also been accepted into service with the aviation of the border troops.
In the early 1970s In 1999, the air force aviation had 12 aviation regiments and squadrons, as well as a number of aviation detachments, which included more than 150 aircraft.
It is interesting to note that before the start of hostilities in Afghanistan, the KSAPO MF was represented by only one UAE, stationed in the settlement. Mary (two An-24s and about 10 Mi-8s), with operational bases in Nebit-Dag and Dushanbe. In 1981, the UAE was deployed to the states of the UAE, which had 36 helicopters. In the same year, the UAE (4 planes and 16 helicopters) was formed in Dushanbe, which also became the UAE in 1983 (6 planes and 26 helicopters). In 1984, the 10th OAP (Burundai) (KVPO) had 32 aircraft: two Yak-40s, two An-26s, 18 Mi-8s, 8 Mi-24s and two Mi-26s.
 |
As of 1991, the KGB PV of the USSR included 10 border districts: Red Banner East (KVPO), Red Banner Far East (KDPO), Red Banner Transcaucasian (KZakPO), Red Banner Transbaikal (KZabPO), Red Banner Western (KZapVO), Red Banner Baltic ( KPPO), Red Banner Central Asian (KSAPO), Red Banner northwestern(KSZPO), North-Eastern (SVPO) and Red Banner Pacific (KTPO). The Separate Arctic Border Detachment was also part of the PV.
KSAPO had three OAPs at once, KTPO - two. Another four POs had one regiment each. The rest of the districts (and even then not all) included only the UAE.
The author managed to find information about the existence of at least 8 squadrons. Each of them included 10-15 aircraft, and in some - even more: in the UAE, stationed in Uch-Aral, in the mid-1980s. there were 19 helicopters: 15 Mi-8 and four Mi-24. There were also a number of hotel aviation squadrons (Tiksi, Chersky, Nebit-Dag) and units / detachments (Riga (Skulte), Ventspils, Kyzyl), which were part of the OAP.
In addition to the pulp and paper industry, there were a number of structures of direct subordination in the border aviation.
So, at the airport Moscow (Sheremetyevo) was based JSC special purpose, responsible for the transportation of the leadership of the KGB of the USSR. It was formed in 1978 at the Ivanovo airfield as JSC, and in 1980 the name was changed to JSC SN, having already been relocated to Sheremetyevo before that. The Yak-40, Tu-134 and even Il-76 civilian versions - Il-76T and Il-76TD - flew as part of the JSC SN.
In PV aviation, there was the only one in the “small aviations” of the PV pulp and paper mill, located in Tbilisi and Kabuletti, but in 1990 transferred to Stavropol (Shpakovskoye). Here both "aircraft pilots" and helicopter pilots improved their level of training and retrained for new aircraft.
It is worth noting that the geography of basing the structural units of the UAP and the UAE was very significant. So, aircraft and helicopters of the OAA (Vorkuta) were based in Tiksi, Chersky, Murmansk, Khatanga, Naryan-Mar, Chokurdakh, on Sredny Island.
The aircraft of the 15th OAP (Yelizovo) were located in Khalaktyrka (there, among other things, there were Mi-26 helicopters) and the settlement. Keys, 16th oap (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) - in the settlement Hot Beach and Mendeleevo, and helicopters of the 7th UAE (former Provideniya) were deployed in Anadyr, Pevek, Dezhnev Island, Vankarem, Hall. Cross, hall. Lawrence, Egvekinote and on m. Schmidt. Helicopters of the 11th OAP were deployed in Sovetskaya Gavan, Dalnerechinsk, Kamen-Rybolov, Spassk-Dalny, Border.
Of the eight "combat" regiments, three each were stationed on the territory of the Far East and Turkmen Military Districts, which had the longest borders with neighboring states. There was one regiment each on the territory of the LenVO and PUrVO. As for individual squadrons, four of them were deployed on the territory of the Far East Military District, one each in TurkVO, OdVO, PribVO and ZabVO.
In 1988, in aviation, the air force reduced the OAP in the settlement. Prishib from the 12 ouap, and in 1987 - ovo on Sakhalin.
As of 1991, the An-24 (8), An-26 (about 30), An-72 (19), Yak-40 (7) aircraft, as well as Mi-8, Mi- 24 and Mi-26. Four Il-76s, two Tu-134s were part of the JSC SN. Several An-12 aircraft until the mid-1980s. flew as part of the OAP stationed in Dushanbe.
Border aviation was among all small aviation the most numerous both in terms of combat strength and in terms of the number of aircraft. She included largest number aviation regiments - 9 and a significant number of individual squadrons - 8. A feature of the basing of border aviation was a significant number of basing points for aircraft of one unit. In addition, there was a significant number of operational helipads. Due to the specifics of their activities, border aviation was deployed along the entire perimeter of the USSR border.
The border units and subunits, in whose zone of responsibility were the territorial waters of the USSR, were composed of Ka-25 and Ka-27PS helicopters. On the Far East, An-72 flew in the Arctic, in the north of the country, in Central Asia Mi-26 helicopters were also used (they began to operate here since 1983). Even the Yak-40 flew in border aviation, which was quite a rarity in the aviation of the USSR law enforcement agencies.
The head of the aviation department of the GUPV of the KGB of the USSR, who had the military rank of Major General of Aviation, led the border aviation. Since December 1991, the post was renamed to Deputy Chairman of the Committee for the Protection of the State Border - Head of the Aviation Department of the Committee for the Protection of the State Border and became a lieutenant general. These positions were held from October 1977 until 1992 by Lieutenant General of Aviation N.A. Rokhlov.
Aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
The aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was entrusted with the tasks of protecting important facilities (for example, those related to nuclear weapons, or BAM) and acting in the interests of the Main Directorate for the Execution of Punishments.
In 1978, the aviation department of the High Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was formed, in the spring of the following year, the first OSAE of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was created in Khabarovsk, it included the An-26 aircraft and 15 Mi-8 helicopters. They were based not only in Khabarovsk, but also in Chita, where they deployed a separately based aviation unit from the 1st OSAE (4 Mi-8s).
| Aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs | |||||
| 1 | uae | Khabarovsk | Mi-8 | - | - |
| 2 | uae | Chita (Cheryomushki) | Mi-8 | - | - |
| 3 | OSAE CH | Chkalovsky | An-72 | - | - |
| Reutovo (New Village) | Mi-8 | - | - | ||
| Novosibirsk(Northern) | Mi-8 | - | - | ||
| Sverdlovsk (Aramil) | Mi-8 | - | - | ||
| Syktyvkar | Mi-8 | - | - | ||
| Alma-Ata (Burundai) | Mi-8 | An-26 | - | ||
| 4 | osae | N.Novgorod (Strigino) | IL-76 | Mi-8 | - |
| 5 | osae | Rostov-on-Don (Central) | Mi-8 | - | - |
In 1980, in Khabarovsk, the 2nd UAE was created from the states of the 1st OAE, which was located in Tynda and Nizhneangarsk (obaz).
After the implementation of measures to ensure the security of the Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980 in Reutovo (a suburb of Moscow) on the basis of the Special Purpose Division. F.E. Dzerzhinsky, a flight of three Mi-8s was "planted".
Subsequently, by "withdrawing" aircraft and helicopters from the 1st OAE and 2nd UAE in 1981, a consolidated 3rd OAE SN was formed. Its helicopters were based in Reutovo (New Village), and its planes were based in Chkalovskaya. Since 1987, deliveries of the An-72 have also begun here.
The composition of the 3rd OSAE CH, in addition to the above, included three more obaz: in Novosibirsk, Sverdlovsk, created in 1982, and Syktyvkar (1984). They were armed with Mi-8 helicopters. Osae was organized in Gorky in 1989, and in Rostov-on-Don in 1991.
In 1987, the 2nd UAE moved to the Chita (Cheryomushki) airfield.
In the second half of the 1980s. An-72 aircraft (5 aircraft, Chkalovskaya airfield) and Il-76 (10 aircraft, Gorky, later renamed Nizhny Novgorod) began to enter service with the aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. One of the reasons for this was the need to transfer significant forces of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs over long distances due to the worsening crime situation in the country as a whole.
Taking into account the difficulties with the acquisition of aviation equipment, in total, as of 1991, about 25 Mi-8s, one An-26, five An-72s and ten Il-76s flew in the aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was the smallest of all small aviations (with the exception of civil defense aviation). It did not include aviation regiments either - only separate aviation squadrons, which were located close to protected objects of particular importance. The principle of basing this aviation was similar to the border one: helicopters were stationed not only at the main airfield, but also at other airfields and operational sites.
From 1978 to 1994, the chief of aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was Major General of Aviation V.M. Ponomarev.
In addition, in the days of the USSR, there was its own aviation directly and as part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. True, not quite official ... Since the late 1950s. this department on a rental basis used aircraft and crews from the MGA to solve its problems. Helicopters (in the late 1980s - early 1990s - Ka-26 and Mi-2) flew mainly in the interests of the traffic police. The aircraft carried the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and its main structural elements. But after the appearance in the late 1970s. own aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the leadership of the Soviet police also had plans to create their own aviation.
At the first stage, it was decided to purchase only aircraft, without creating an aviation department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, to give them to regional and regional ATCs (Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Yakutsk, Perm, Kemerovo, Moscow). For example, on September 14, 1991, the "Helicopter Patrol Group under the Central Internal Affairs Directorate of the Kemerovo Region" was created. It was planned to deliver aircraft to Kyiv, Leningrad, Alma-Ata, Rostov.
In total, six Mi-8s and several Ka-26s were purchased (for the traffic police of Moscow and Leningrad). But it was necessary not only to fly them (it was not difficult to prepare crews for "running" types of helicopters), but also to serve them. Initially, it was decided to involve relevant specialists from the MGA. But upon closer examination of the problem, it turned out that civilian specialists are an expensive pleasure (you pay for overtime, you won’t raise an alarm, you won’t achieve an excess of the starting time, etc.). Therefore, it was decided ... to simply "knock out" the resource of the Mi-8 and Ka-26 "on their own", and then somehow "merge" with the aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The first succeeded (by 1992, all helicopters of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were already at storage bases), with the second - not quite: for the Ministry of Internal Affairs they simply allocated 10% of the flight resource of the aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. True, it was already in 1993.
But no matter how few (in terms of personnel and the number of aircraft) the “small” aviation described above were, each of them solved its own, often no less important task than that of the “big” colleagues ...
After analyzing the additional information that “came up” for the last year, the updated summary data on the combat strength of aviation of the USSR law enforcement agencies are as follows:
| Aviation of law enforcement agencies of the USSR (pivot table) |
|||||||
| Power structure | Type of aircraft (type of troops) | VA (OA air defense) | Aviation divisions | Aviation (helicopter) regiments | Separate aviation (helicopter) squadrons | Separate aviation (helicopter) detachments (links), air groups |
If- quality LA, unit |
| MO | air force | 17 | 41 | 237 | 67 | 17 | 12245 |
| SW (AA) | - | - | 52 | 61 | 5 | 4150 | |
| Air Defense Forces of the country | 9* | - | 91 | 18 | 16 | 3960 | |
| Navy | - | 8 | 58 | 9 | 8 | 2100 | |
| Strategic Missile Forces | - | - | 3 | 38 | - | 500 | |
| Airborne | - | - | - | 9 | - | 200 | |
| HF | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | 185 | |
| GO | - | - | - | - | 3 | 15 | |
| KGB | pv | - | - | 9 | 8 | 1 | 420 |
| MIA | VV MIA, MIA | - | - | - | 5 | - | 60 |
| Total: | 26 | 49 | 452 | 217 | 50 | 23835 | |
* Plus the Moscow Air Defense District.
The active use of helicopter technology in the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs began in the late 70s and early 80s, although the equipment was tested as early as 1969. I am talking about the use of helicopters in the interests of the police, since since 1979 the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs already had its own aviation. The aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was the smallest of all small aviations (with the exception of civil defense aviation). It did not include aviation regiments either - only separate aviation squadrons, which were located close to protected objects of particular importance. The principle of basing this aviation was similar to the border one: helicopters were stationed not only at the main airfield, but also at other airfields and operational sites.
The principle of the work of the police with aviation was built differently.
The history of aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs begins in the thirties under the banner of the NKVD. For example, Marina Raskova from the crew of Grizodubova was an NKVD pilot. To the Great Patriotic war all departmental aviation (including most civil aviation) was transferred to the Air Force. After the end of the war, the NKVD-MVD aviation was again recreated. From the end of the 50s, the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs completely switched to the rental basis of aviation: for the needs of the ministry, planes and helicopters were rented from the MGA of the USSR, including for transporting the leadership of the ministry, for the traffic police, and to search for escaped ZEKs. Basically, helicopters were used for the needs of the traffic police. Here is how G.B. Smirnov, in 1982-1987. - Deputy head of the traffic police of the Tyumen region, in 1987-1991. head of the traffic police of the Tyumen region:
"In the eighties of the twentieth century, the Tyumen region was one of the regions where in the supervision of road traffic Helicopter patrols were widely used.
The scheme for using a helicopter in general terms was as follows. Under an agreement with the regional Department of Internal Affairs, the Tobolsk air detachment provided the traffic police department with a MI-2 helicopter based for the duration of work in the south of the region at Plekhanovo airport.
There was a helicopter patrol platoon in the structure of the State Traffic Inspectorate. The crew of the helicopter, which was controlled by Aeroflot pilots, worked in tandem with the crew of a patrol car, and a platoon officer was attached to the crew itself. Basically, such patrols were carried out on the roads, as they were then called, of republican significance (now - federal highways) - Tobolsk, Yalutorovsky, Moscow, Chervishevsky tracts. The helicopter crew detected, first of all, such gross violations of traffic rules as a significant excess of speed, violation of overtaking rules. Having found the car - the "violator", the inspector from the helicopter transmitted data about this car to the crew of the patrol car by radio, and also gave the intruder a command to stop using a loud-speaking device ...
The determination of the speed of a moving vehicle from the air was carried out by measuring the time it took to pass the control sections specially marked on controlled routes with a stopwatch. Probably, it was far from the most perfect way, but at that time there was simply no other possibility. And the very presence of a traffic police helicopter in the air (it had, of course, the appropriate coloring) disciplined the drivers. This was facilitated by the presence on the roads of boards with the information - "The route is patrolled by a traffic police helicopter." On all patrolled directions, places for a possible landing of a helicopter were determined. Such a need arose sometimes in cases of an accident on the route, the use of a helicopter for search activities, etc. Sometimes, the helicopter was also used when escorting high-level leaders on the routes, whose visits were not uncommon in those days. At the same time, the helicopter crew, following at a considerable distance from the motorcade, worked out the route, warning, if necessary, of any difficulties during the passage of the motorcade. ) not on purpose. This issue became especially acute after the adoption of the relevant Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU. The head of an enterprise, organization, who was seen using a company car during off-duty hours, could be brought to disciplinary, material liability, and an administrative protocol was drawn up against the driver. The task of identifying this kind of abuse was assigned, of course, first of all, to the police officers and, above all, to the traffic police. 
In this regard, such a "picture" is recalled.
It's a clear winter day... On the lake, by the hole, a fisherman is sitting with a fishing rod - a driver, next to him is a "bread truck", on which he came fishing. And suddenly, like a bolt from the blue (in the literal sense of the word!), a traffic police helicopter lands next to it with all the ensuing consequences for the unlucky fisherman ... Of course, such cases received wide publicity.
Speaking about the work of the helicopter platoon, it is perhaps worth mentioning one more area of activity of its employees. The task of suppressing motor hooliganism in cities and towns of the region has always been and remains relevant. As part of a helicopter platoon, we formed a group of motorsport inspectors - dischargers, and purchased motorcycles for them. Since the choice of such equipment at that time was not wide, I had to be content with sports IZHs, and if my memory serves me, one or two Chezets. However, considering that the perpetrators public safety"cut", as a rule, on domestic road motorcycles, then our motorcycles had enough power. No, the inspectors did not suit the violators of the race. Usually only one start on the rear wheel was enough for them, after which the “motorist”, realizing for himself the futility of trying to break away from the inspector on his “equipment”, immediately abandoned it (usually without numbers and often stolen) hoping more on his feet. Our "motor group" traveled to the settlements of the region with a KAVZ bus specially equipped for the transportation of motorcycles. She usually returned with a salon fully loaded with delayed "goods". It must be said that the Main Directorate of the GAI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR established periodic reporting on the results of the use of a helicopter, and in conjunction with the analysis of accidents on the serviced routes, information was sent on the effectiveness of the use of helicopters to the GAI of other regions of the country. This contributed to increased responsibility for the results of our work in this area, stimulated the search for ways to further improve it." 
Already after the creation of the aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in the 80s, the police authorities inflamed their appetites. But since general concept and the attitude towards aviation was according to the principle “Let’s go, then you’ll start it!”, And finances, it turned out, don’t sing romances, then the plans changed dramatically. It was decided to purchase only aircraft, and place them in the largest centers of the regions (Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk (Kemerovo), Sverdlovsk, Syktyvkar, Moscow. Kyiv, Alma-Ata, Leningrad, Rostov were planned. We bought a dozen Mi-8 helicopters, several Ka-26 for the Moscow traffic police.Basing, maintenance, repair, operation, pilots - they decided to rent all this at the MGA of the USSR.When they found out the price of the issue - salaries civil pilots there and so on - they clutched their heads: you can’t raise civilian specialists on alarm, you can’t force them to work beyond the starting time, excess flight time - generally wild prices. We decided: we will develop resources from what we have, and that's it. And then we will fall on the tail to the aviation of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. So they did. But not all helicopters survived until the resource was exhausted: the lack of control over the use of aircraft led to a very high accident rate, and in some cases to severe flight accidents. In 1991, 8 people died in a disaster near the city of Mama. As a result, in the early 90s, the remaining boards were transferred to storage bases, where they stood for a long time. Then they were transferred to repair factories. By the way, it is interesting that the helicopters in the Ministry of Internal Affairs were listed in the column "Automotive and tractor equipment." Until the end of 1993, the police used the aviation of the MVD RV Air Force at the rate of no more than 10% of the flight hours, which, according to the plan, the district allocated for each air unit every month. In the period from the end of 1993 to 1994, the Government of Russia took care and allocated funds for the organization of aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The first unit appeared in Kemerovo in the amount of 2 Mi-8 helicopters and 1 L-410 aircraft. At first there was 1 Mi-8 helicopter from those that survived at the repair plants. He was listed in Novosibirsk, but constantly flew and was based in Kemerovo. The structure was strange: the pilots were civilians, with pilot's licenses, but already seconded to the ATC and introduced to its staff. The structure has existed for several years. And on October 31, 1995, in Novosibirsk, the first special aviation unit for special purposes (SAPON) was organized. It had 4 Mi-8T (MT) helicopters in the state. And then - off we go.
Since 2003, the entire aviation structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia has acquired the official name "Aviation of the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia" (AOVD of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), and the units - JSC SN (special purpose aviation units).