In order to produce the administrative-territorial division of our vast country, various subjects of the state were identified. With the help of such a division, it is easy to create a single, in particular separate, system of authorities and local self-government. The organization of this process is related not only to the vastness of the territories belonging to the country, but also to various conditions: climatic, demographic, economic - in different parts of Russia.
Territorial units of the Russian Federation
The implementation of the administrative-territorial division has a very large legal background, the system ensures the activities of the entire state and its subjects in particular.
The administrative-territorial division of Russia currently implies 3 levels:
- federal districts.
- Subjects of the Russian Federation.
- Economic regions.
Federal districts of the Russian Federation
In 2000, the Presidential Decree established the federal districts of Russia in the amount of 7 objects. However, in 2010, the then President D. A. Medvedev indicated that a territory should be separated from the Southern Federal District, which became separate and is called the North Caucasian Federal District, thereby increasing the number of districts by 1.
And in 2014, our country annexed an additional territory, and at the same time, the number of districts increased by one more state unit - the Crimean Federal District.
The Central Federal District, the administrative center of which is the capital of the Russian Federation - the city of Moscow, includes 18 subjects: 17 are regions in the western part of the country and 1 city of federal significance. This is a fairly large district in terms of population density, as well as the most urbanized. It owes its great popularity to the location here of a large, densely populated and most economically attractive city in the country - Moscow.
The Northwestern Federal District is located in the northwestern part of the country, covers 11 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, of which 7 regions, 2 republics, one autonomous district and one city of federal significance - St. Petersburg.
The Southern Federal District is located south of the Central Federal District and covers 6 subjects of the Russian Federation: 4 regions and 2 republics. This is quite an interesting territory from an economic point of view, 73% of the country's thermal waters and 30% of mineral waters are concentrated here. In addition, the district provides the population of the entire state with agricultural products.
The Far Eastern Federal District is located in the Far East of the country. This district of Russia includes 9 units: 3 regions, 3 territories, 1 autonomous region, 1 autonomous region, 1 republic. There are rich reserves of gold and diamonds, oil and gas, and a large number of fish are found in the coastal zone.
The Siberian Federal District is another unique territory of the state. In addition to the fact that this is the largest reservoir of hunting grounds, a distinctive feature of this district of Russia is the extreme conditions of the Far North for living. The district includes 5 regions, 3 territories, 4 republics.
The Ural Federal District is located in the Urals, including 4 regions and 2 autonomous districts. This is a kind of bridge between two worlds: Europe and Asia. Here, the totality of the conditions of the Far North and the southern climate of the coast of the Kara Sea have come together.
To the southeast of the Central Federal District is the Volga Federal District. It includes 6 republics, 1 territory, 7 regions.
The North Caucasian Federal District is not the youngest, but younger than other districts of Russia. Formed in the North Caucasus in 2010, includes 6 republics and 1 region.
The last district to join the territory of Russia is Crimean. Here is the Crimean Republic and the city of Sevastopol of federal significance. The federal district is located on the territory of the Crimean peninsula and is the smallest among others.
Subjects of the Russian Federation
All subjects of the Russian Federation together form our country. Today, such a title can be worn by all, without exception, regions of the country, territories and cities of federal significance, as well as republics, autonomous regions and an autonomous district, which is only one in our state.
Both in relation to state authorities, and in relation to each other, all subjects of the Russian Federation have equal rights. Local authorities can solve a number of problems at the regional level, but in any case, all presidential administrations are subordinate.
Autonomous regions of the Russian Federation
Within some regions of our state there are special territories that are autonomous in nature and therefore called autonomous regions. From the very beginning, these autonomies were conceived as nationally generalized and at the same time separated from other territories.
To date, 4 autonomous regions of Russia have been formed.
Urban districts of the Russian Federation
AT Russian Federation the name of the urban district is an urban settlement that is not part of municipality. At the same time, such an entity has the powers of both a settlement and a municipality.
From the very beginning, the urban districts of Russia were conceived as the largest, economically and industrially important cities in the country. This is exactly what happened in 2003-2005. In addition, cities that do not have special merits in the economy, but occupy a large territory and have high urbanization, received the status of a district.
Such a reform did not receive much recognition, since at that time others highly industrial cities continued to be part of a particular municipality. At the beginning of 2014, there were 520 urban districts of Russia, and these are not only cities, but also villages. Besides, in recent years whole municipal districts began to be part of urban districts.
We study the autonomous regions of Russia and their capitals on the map (list 4) → included in the Russian Federation. AO districts of the Russian Federation and their locations on the map + capital, alphabetical list, regions and federal districts in Russia
Presentation on the topic: autonomous regions of Russia and their centers - for children and adults. The ability to sort the table and the list alphabetically, select the required region and its capital, go to the city map, show the border areas on the satellite map, panorama and street photos
List of independent entities - 4 autonomous regions of Russia + capital:
- Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Naryan-Mar
- Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansiysk
- Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Anadyr
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Salekhard
Russia - autonomous regions on the map and their capitals
The table is alphabetical, it contains all the JSCs of the district of the Russian Federation (Russia), which are combined into a single form of state government, which have common borders. Both land / land and sea / sea. The above autonomous entities are present in three federal districts of the Russian Federation:
- Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Ural Federal District
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Ural Federal District
- Chukotka Autonomous District, Far Eastern Federal District
- Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Northwestern Federal District
For a more detailed list of other equal subjects of the Federation -. How many regions and their names - see the heading of the same name
The name of the capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow (Moscow)
All autonomous regions of Russia
- Jewish Autonomous Region, Far Eastern Federal District
The autonomous territory has an independent status within the state, and is distinguished by national and cultural characteristics.
Initially, on the territory of Russia there were three types autonomous entities: republics, regions and districts. On the this moment the constituent entities of the Russian Federation include one Jewish Autonomous Region and four districts
Jewish Autonomous Region (the center of the region is the city of Birobidzhan). Now it is part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Formed in May 1934. Previously, it was part of the Khabarovsk Territory, until 1990
Now you know how many and which autonomous regions are part of the Russian Federation!
The Russian Federation is a large country that is divided into economic regions. There are only 12 of them, and those, in turn, are divided into subjects, the number of which varies depending on the geographical location.
general information
The economic territories are divided into the following territories: Central, Central Black Earth, Kaliningrad, Volga-Vyatka, Northern, North-Western, Volga, Ural, North Caucasian, East Siberian, West Siberian, Crimea (not included in any region).
They, in turn, are divided into subjects, which include regions, republics, territories, an autonomous region, autonomous districts and cities of federal significance.
For example, the Central District includes 13 subjects, and the North-West - only three.
Autonomous Oblast and Autonomous Okrug: Differences
At the moment, there are 85 subjects in the Russian Federation, which differ from each other in the peculiarities of their constitutional and legal status. Oblasts dominate, with 46 subjects, followed by national republics with a status that allows them to create their own constitution. There are 22 of them. There are also 9 territories, 4 autonomous districts and only one autonomous region. Do not forget also about their only three. They are also considered separate entities.
One feature should be noted: all autonomous entities were formed under the influence of a national attribute. For example, such peoples as Jews, Nenets, Khanty, Chukchi and others. Another sign is the territory in which these peoples live. The status of an autonomous or district is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and other important documents. Legal independence is needed to resolve issues of which there are a great many in our multinational country.
Jewish Autonomous Region: history of appearance
If there are 4 autonomous districts in the Russian Federation, then there is only one region and it is located in the Far Eastern Federal District.
It was founded in 1934, the main city is Birobidzhan. Interestingly, according to the population count for 2010, the percentage of Jews was less than 1% of all residents. The total population at that time was 164 thousand people.
During the revolutions, the Jews did not have the status of an honorary people, they were rather disliked, although after 1917 everyone was equal in rights. In the Soviet period, the authorities even began to cooperate with them in order to attract Jews to work.
In 1928, it was decided to settle working Jews on those lands that were empty, but they needed to be developed and developed, such as, for example, the Amur strip. In 1934, by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the district received the status of an Autonomous Jewish National Region.
Until 1991, there were several more similar regions, but after the transformation of the USSR into the Russian Federation, these subjects received the status of republics. Only one region was left autonomous. Although there were 19 of them in the USSR. After the collapse, some of them went to other states that separated from the country.
General information
The autonomous region is located in the Far East in one of the favorable corners. There are mountains and plains, major river Eurasia - Amur, as well as such rivers as Birakan, Urmi, Bidzhan, Bira and others.
Due to the temperate climate, it is possible to grow various crops here, such as cereals, vegetables, melons and potatoes. An important industry is the production of meat and dairy products. Winters here are not cold, and even on the most high points the temperature does not fall below -30°C. And in summer it is warm, there is a sufficient amount of precipitation. The temperature does not rise above +35°C.
Cedar, spruce, oak forests grow on the territory of the autonomous region, so there are a lot of species of animals and plants. Deposits of minerals such as tin, gold, manganese, iron, graphite, brucite and others have been identified and explored.
According to the latest data, 164 thousand people live in the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region, of which Russians make up 92%, Ukrainians - 2.8%, Jews - 1%. All other nationalities are included in 4.2%.
by the most major city is Birobidzhan, it is home to 74 thousand people. The remaining settlements are much smaller, and no more than 10 thousand people live in them.
Four autonomous regions are included: Nenets, Khanty-Mansiysk, Chukotsky, Yamalo-Nenets. Unlike all other equal subjects of the country, the autonomous regions of Russia and their capitals have their own specific territory. It cannot be changed without the consent of the management and residents of the district. Autonomous regions of Russia have their own legislation and the full right to independently resolve many issues. They can independently establish trade and economic ties with other countries and regions.
The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is part of the Northwestern Okrug and is located in its north. Its territory is mainly located beyond the Arctic Circle. It borders the Nanets Okrug with the Republic of Komi - in the south, with the Arkhangelsk Region - in the west, with the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug on the eastern side. On the north side, this territory is washed by the Barents, Kara and White Seas. The administrative and economic center of the Autonomous Okrug is the city of Naryan-Mar itself. The area of the Nenets Okrug is 176.8 thousand square kilometers. As of 2010, just over 42 thousand people lived in this territory.
The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located somewhat east of the Nenets. Its area is much larger and is 769.3 square kilometers. According to the results of the population census, which was conducted in 2010, 546 thousand people live in this territory. It is part of the Tyumen region. It borders on the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the east, on the Komi Republic in the west, and on the Nenets Okrug in the northwest. Like other autonomous regions of Russia, it is divided into regions: Priuralsky, Krasnoselkupsky, Nadymsky, Purovsky, Yamalsky, Tazovsky, Shuryshkarsky. The administrative and economic center is the city of Salekhard, which is located on the territory of the Priuralsky district
The Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug - Yugra is located south of Yamalo-Nanets. It borders the Tomsk Region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the east, the Komi Republic in the west, and the Sverdlovsk and Tyumen Regions in the south. The capital of the district is the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. If we compare all the autonomous regions of Russia, then the latter is home to much more people. The population of the Khanty-Mansiysk region is more than one and a half million people. The following districts are distinguished in this autonomous territory: Oktyabrsky, Nefteyugansky, Berezovsky, Beloyarsky, Kondinsky, Sovetsky, Khanty-Mansiysk, Nizhnevartovsky, Surgutsky.
These autonomous okrugs are located in the central and western parts of the Russian Federation. The most eastern is the district. It borders Yakutia in the west, Kamchatka Krai in the southeast, and Magadan Oblast in the south. The eastern part of the district is washed by the sea. At present, a little less than 50 thousand people live in the territory of the district, which is 721 thousand square kilometers. -
AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT - a national-territorial formation, a form of national-political autonomy in the USSR (until 1977 - a national district), and now in the Russian Federation. Introduced by the Decree of the All-Union Central Soviet Socialist Republic of December 19, 1930; before that, the Komi-Permyatsky (February 25, 1925) and Nenets (July 15, 1929) autonomous districts were formed as an experiment.
The Autonomous Okrug is distinguished by the peculiarities of life and the ethnic composition of the population and is part of the region and the territory. This form of autonomy is used to create favorable conditions for the development, first of all, of the small peoples of the North, Siberia and Far East. The Russian Federation includes ten autonomous regions - subjects of the Russian Federation. These are: Aginsky Buryatsky as part of the Chita region (formed on September 26, 1937); Komi-Permyatsky as part of the Perm region; Koryaksky as part of the Kamchatka region (formed on December 10, 1930); Nenets as part of the Arkhangelsk region; Taimyr (Dolgan-Nenets and Evenki as part of Krasnoyarsk Territory(formed December 10, 1930); Ust-Ordynsky Buryatsky as a part of Irkutsk region(formed September 26, 1937); Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenetsky as part of the Tyumen region (formed on December 10, 1930); Chukotsky A. O., which, in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation of June 17, 1992, is directly part of the Russian Federation.
The current Constitution of the Russian Federation states (Article 66) that the relations of autonomous okrugs that are part of a krai or region can be regulated by federal law and an agreement between the state authorities of the autonomous okrugs and, accordingly, the state authorities of the krai or region.
Autonomous regions have a vast territory with a small population. In each A. o. As a rule, several ethnic groups live. For example, in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Khanty, Mansi, Komi and Nenets live, in Koryaksky - Koryaks, Chukchi, Itelmens and Lamuts; in Chukotka - Chukchi, Eskimos, Evens, Koryaks and Yukaghirs. Autonomous okrugs have elements of constituent power. This is manifested in their right to adopt their charters, laws and other normative legal acts. Being a subject of the Russian Federation, the Autonomous Okrug has its own territory, which cannot be changed without its consent. The status of an autonomous okrug may be changed by mutual agreement between the Russian Federation and the autonomous okrug in accordance with federal constitutional law. The Autonomous Okrug forms bodies of representative, executive and judicial power, which function on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the charter of the Autonomous Okrug. The Charter, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, assigns to the Autonomous Okrug the right to resolve all issues within their competence, to issue normative legal acts, and to have symbols.
Relationships between autonomous okrugs that are part of a krai or oblast are determined by the charters of these krais, oblasts and the statutes of the corresponding autonomous okrugs that are independent participants in international and foreign economic relations, agreements with the territories, regions, republics within the Russian Federation, autonomous oblast. The Autonomous Okrug, in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, has its own administrative center.
Autonomous okrugs, although they are equal in accordance with the Constitution with other subjects of the Federation, have significant differences in their constitutional and legal status.
See: Autonomy, Autonomy national-territorial, Autonomous region, Autonomous republic.
Tavadov G.T. Ethnology. Modern dictionary-reference book. M., 2011, p. 17-19.