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While watching documentaries or visiting forums dedicated to solving historical mysteries, users regularly come across various mysterious terms that they are unable to decipher. Be sure to add our website to your bookmarks so that you have the opportunity to visit us again. I recommend checking in with us more often. Today we will analyze an outdated word, this Educational program, which means you can read a little later.
However, before continuing, I would like to introduce you to a couple of sensible publications on the topics of education and science. For example, what does Banshee mean, what is Dereal, how to understand the word Performance, who is Homunculus, etc.
So let's continue what does educational program mean?? This abbreviation consists of two words "Literacy Elimination".
Educational program- this is the universal training of illiterate adults in writing and reading in the USSR and Soviet Russia
Synonym for educational program: FAQ, FAQ.
You probably noticed that our website explains the meaning of various jargons and slang expressions. These small articles are essentially that " educational program", which we will talk about below.
In general, creating intricate abbreviations was very fashionable during the formation of the new Russia. This word appeared about a hundred years ago, and was originally used for its intended purpose. After all, the elimination of illiteracy was one of the most important tasks of our young state, which had just thrown off the shackles of oligarchy, tsarism and serfdom.
It was then that special groups began to travel around cities and villages, organizing lectures, who popularized literacy, and at the same time ridiculed dense ignorance and stupidity. It was very difficult to “cram” new knowledge into the brains of adults. However, as the program worked tirelessly to eliminate illiteracy as such for twenty years, it eventually began to bear fruit.
Many years have passed, and in our time the word " educational program"is still used, albeit in a slightly different capacity. After all, today there are practically no illiterate citizens left, although there are still a large number of uneducated people. Therefore, people who want to learn something new come to educational programs on topics that interest them.
For example, you want to understand how to work on a computer, and for this you can enroll in courses, of which there are now a great many. These courses are the very educational program that will help you eradicate your computer illiteracy.
True, if in the last century educational programs were free, and were carried out under the careful control of the government, now we have to pay for everything. Although it may be better this way, a person, having paid his hard-earned money, will try to remember everything that is possible.
After reading this short publication, you learned what does educational program mean?, and why it was needed at all.
1919 . According to it, the entire population of Soviet Russia between the ages of 8 and 50, who could not read or write, was obliged to learn to read and write in their native language or in Russian (optional). The People's Commissariat of Education was given the right to involve all literate persons in teaching the illiterate on the basis of labor service. The decree also provided for the creation of schools for overage children, schools at orphanages, colonies and other institutions that were part of the Glavsotsvos system.Encyclopedic YouTube
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The curriculum required extensive organized training for teachers and others teaching staff. By the fall of 1920, only the bodies of the Cheka educational program created courses for teachers to eliminate illiteracy in 26 provinces.
The 1st All-Russian Congress on the Elimination of Illiteracy (1922) recognized the need for priority literacy training for workers at industrial enterprises and state farms, trade union members and other workers aged 18-30 years. The training period at the medical center was set at 7 months (6-8 hours weekly).
It was during the fight against homelessness, combined with the simultaneous teaching of children to read and write, and then other disciplines, that the talent of the greatest Soviet teacher A. S. Makarenko, the author of the “Pedagogical Poem,” emerged.
Health centers and literacy schools
Every locality with more than 15 illiterate people was required to have a literacy school (liquid center). The duration of training in such a school was 3-4 months. The training program included reading, writing, and counting. In the early 1920s, it was clarified that classes at the medical center were aimed at teaching how to read clear printed and written fonts; make short notes necessary in life and official affairs; read and write whole and fractional numbers, percentages, understand diagrams and diagrams; The students were explained the main issues of building the Soviet state. For adult students, the working day was reduced while wages remained the same, and priority supplies were provided for emergency treatment centers teaching aids, writing instruments.
Educational and methodological base
In 1920-1924, two editions of the first Soviet mass primer for adults were published by D. Elkina, N. Bugoslavskaya, A. Kurskaya (the 2nd edition - entitled “Down with Illiteracy” - included the now widely known phrase for teaching reading - “We - not slaves, slaves are not us”, as well as poems by V. Ya. Bryusov and N. A. Nekrasov). In the same years, “Workers’ and Peasants’ Primer for Adults” by V.V. Smushkov and “A Primer for Workers” by E. Ya. Golant appeared. Some of the benefits were printed abroad with payment from the republic’s currency funds. The publication of mass primers and other initial manuals for adults in Ukrainian, Belarusian, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Chuvash, Uzbek and other (about 40 in total) languages was established.
At all times, teaching literacy was accompanied by the promotion of those ideological values, access to which was opened by the ability to read. During the reign of Catherine II, when many believed that “the mob does not need to be educated,” the most insightful figures (for example, the deputy from the Klin nobility Pyotr Orlov) insisted that even if literacy was taught,
then on the following basis: let the peasants, through literacy, find out on their own what they owe to God, the sovereign, the fatherland and, according to the law, to their landowner.
Therefore, it is not surprising that in 1925/26 academic year was introduced as mandatory into educational programs political literacy course: the ideological struggle, including within the party, was in full swing.
Difficulties of educational program and its results
In total, in 1917-1927, up to 10 million adults were taught to read and write, including 5.5 million in the RSFSR. The starting level was quite low. Thus, according to the census of November 1, 1920 (Public Education according to the main survey of 1920), only about 7.3 million students studied in schools (in first-level schools - 6,860,328 children, and in second-level schools - 399,825) , and less than 59% of children aged 8-12 years attended schools in the European part of Soviet Russia (over 12 years old - even much less).
see also
Notes
- Kahan, Arcadius. Russian economic history: the nineteenth century // University of Chicago Press. - 1989. - P. 244.
According to it, the entire population of Soviet Russia between the ages of 8 and 50, who could not read or write, was obliged to learn to read and write in their native language or in Russian (optional). The People's Commissariat of Education was given the right to involve all literate persons in teaching the illiterate on the basis of labor service. The decree also provided for the creation of schools for overage children, schools at orphanages, colonies and other institutions that were part of the Glavsotsvos system.
Story
Organizational basis
The curriculum required extensive organized training for teachers and other teaching staff. By the fall of 1920, only the bodies of the Cheka educational program created courses for teachers to eliminate illiteracy in 26 provinces.
The 1st All-Russian Congress on the Elimination of Illiteracy (1922) recognized the need for priority literacy training for workers at industrial enterprises and state farms, trade union members and other workers aged 18-30 years. The training period at the medical center was set at 7 months (6-8 hours weekly).
Health centers and literacy schools
Every locality with more than 15 illiterate people was required to have a literacy school (liquid center). The duration of training in such a school was 3-4 months. The training program included reading, writing, and counting. In the early 1920s, it was clarified that classes at the medical center were aimed at teaching how to read clear printed and written fonts; make short notes necessary in life and official affairs; read and write whole and fractional numbers, percentages, understand diagrams and diagrams; The students were explained the main issues of building the Soviet state. For adult students, the working day was reduced while wages remained the same, and priority provision of educational aids and writing materials was provided for aid stations.
Educational and methodological base
In 1920-1924, two editions of the first Soviet mass primer for adults were published by D. Elkina, N. Bugoslavskaya, A. Kurskaya (the 2nd edition - entitled “Down with Illiteracy” - included the now widely known phrase for teaching reading - “We - not slaves, slaves - not us ", as well as poems by V. Ya. Bryusov and N. A. Nekrasov). In the same years, “Workers’ and Peasants’ Primer for Adults” by V.V. Smushkov and “A Primer for Workers” by E. Ya. Golant appeared. Some of the benefits were printed abroad with payment from the republic’s currency funds. The publication of mass primers and other initial manuals for adults in Ukrainian, Belarusian, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Chuvash, Uzbek and other languages (about 40 in total) was established.
At all times, teaching literacy was accompanied by the promotion of those ideological values, access to which was opened by the ability to read. During the reign of Catherine II, when many believed that “the mob does not need to be educated,” the most insightful figures (for example, deputy from the Klin nobility Pyotr Orlov) insisted that even if literacy was taught,
then on the following basis: let the peasants, through literacy, find out on their own what they owe to God, the sovereign, the fatherland and, according to the law, to their landowner.
Therefore, it is not surprising that in the 1925/26 school year. was introduced as mandatory into educational programs political literacy course: the ideological struggle, including within the party, was in full swing.
Difficulties of educational program and its results
In total, in 1917-1927, up to 10 million adults were taught to read and write, including 5.5 million in the RSFSR. The starting level was quite low. Thus, according to the census of November 1, 1920 (Public Education according to the main survey of 1920), only about 7.3 million students studied in schools (in first-level schools - 6,860,328 children, and in second-level schools - 399,825) , and less than 59% of children aged 8-12 years attended schools in the European part of Soviet Russia (over 12 years old - even much less).
During the NEP years, the rate of decline in illiteracy was far from desired. The adult population employed in the private sector did not have social guarantees that allowed them to combine study with work. In general, the USSR by 1926 ranked only 19th among European countries in terms of literacy, behind countries such as Turkey and Portugal. Significant differences remain in the literacy levels of urban and rural population(in 1926 - 80.9 and 50.6%, respectively), men and women (in the city - 88.6 and 73.9%, in the village - 67.3 and 35.4%).
In 1928, on the initiative of the Komsomol, the so-called cultural campaign was launched. Its support centers were Moscow, Saratov, Samara and Voronezh, where the bulk of the illiterates were educated by the public. By mid-1930, the number of cult soldiers reached 1 million, and the number of students in registered literacy schools alone reached 10 million.
Introduction of universal primary education in 1930 created certain guarantees for the spread of literacy. The elimination of illiteracy was now entrusted to the corresponding sections under local Soviets. At the same time, educational programs for educational schools, designed for 330 training sessions(10 months in the city and 7 months in the countryside). The fight against illiteracy was now considered an urgent task.
By 1936, about 40 million illiterates had been educated. In 1933-1937, more than 20 million illiterate and about 20 million semi-literate people studied in registered literacy schools alone.
According to the 1939 census, literacy among those aged 16 to 50 was close to 90%. By the early 1940s, the situation with illiteracy in most regions of the USSR ceased to be catastrophic.
Likb'ez, - A, masculine
1. Reduction: eradication of illiteracy, education of illiterate adults and adolescents, as well as ( colloquial) school providing such training. Education workers in the first years of the revolution. I learned to read and write in educational programs. Went to educational program
2. figurative meaning. Communicating the most necessary, initial information about something, teaching basic skills. Agronomic educational program
adjective Likbezovsky, - aya, - oe (to 1 meaning).Examples of using the word educational program in the context
- . As for Potap, he apparently understood this in his own way, and two more times short notes about the Vyselkovites appeared in the newspaper: one that they were doing good work in the village educational program, and the other talks about the importance of collecting ash for fertilizer.
. Of course, she remembered and all the others who were in the unheated school that evening - the guys and men who had gathered for educational program, and among them there are only two women, Stepanida Bogatka and Anna Bogatka, or, as she was called in the village, Anyuta.
. At dusk Katya went to educational program, - she made her way under the very fences in order to get her feet wet as little as possible, stopped in despair at intersections, not knowing how to get across the street.
. At the beginning of last autumn, Anyutka persuaded her to go to educational program, convinced: it’s a shame to be illiterate when the whole country is studying.
. Ladimir was not the poorest man in the village, but not rich either; he had perhaps a tithe more land than she and Petrok; with his youngest daughter Anyuta, Stepanida went to educational program and sat at the same table at school.educational program
Elimination of illiteracy in the process of mass literacy training for adults and adolescents (in the 20-30s in the USSR).
trans. decomposition Comprehension of the initial, most necessary information about something, learning basic skills.
Educational program
(liquidation of illiteracy), see Art. Literacy.
Wikipedia
Educational program
Educational program (face vision without literacy) - mass teaching of reading and writing to illiterate adults in Soviet Russia and the USSR. In a figurative sense - teaching an unprepared audience basic concepts any science, process or phenomenon.
Historically, the concept of “educational program” arose as an abbreviation for “liquidation of illiteracy” - a state program of Soviet Russia, which began with the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR “On the elimination of illiteracy in the RSFSR” dated December 26, 1919. According to it, the entire population of Soviet Russia between the ages of 8 and 50, who could not read or write, was obliged to learn to read and write in their native language or in Russian. The People's Commissariat of Education was given the right to involve all literate persons in teaching the illiterate on the basis of labor service. The decree also provided for the creation of schools for overage children, schools at orphanages, colonies and other institutions that were part of the Glavsotsvos system.
Educational program (literary almanac)
Almanac "Educational program" was founded in 1989 by V.V. Kornev, S.Yu. Levin and S.Yu. Lipov.
The first three issues (December 1989, January 1990, April 1990) were hand-sewn typewritten A5 pages. The circulation of the publication ranged from 4 to 25 copies. After an almost two-year break, “Likbez” was released in a new form (4th issue - April 1992) - A4 format with illustrations, replicated on a photocopier.
Since the 7th issue (January 1994), Likbez has experienced a real technological revolution - now it is published in a printing house with a circulation of 300-500 copies (14th issue - 1000 copies) using the offset method. At the peak of its popularity - in the late 90s. The almanac constituted the most tangible competition to the literary publications of Altai writers. Another feature of “Likbez” was the practice of holding a number of nonconformist literary and musical events, which included, along with the usual presentations and poetry competitions, even opera and cinematic productions (for example, in 1993, the premiere of the film “Zob” took place, in 1997 - operas " Young hero", in 1999 - the rock opera "Pierre Bezukhov is alive, or Goiter is returning." The most regular partner of Likbez in these events (the last one took place in May 2005 - the evening of presentations "90 minutes of the present time") is rock band "First Tomorrow".
The ideological and aesthetic base of the “likbezovtsy” was finally formed in 1992-1993, which coincided with the unification around the almanac of the remnants of the creative unions “ERA” represented by I. A. Kopylov, V. N. Tokmakov, A. E. Lushnikov, M. V. Gundarina, V. V. Desyatova, I. Obmokni and others.
At this time, the deputy editor-in-chief of Likbez, I. A. Kopylov, formulated three priority principles of the almanac: “First, Likbez is a creative laboratory for young authors; secondly, “Likbez” is not just a meeting different people , but a team of like-minded people; and thirdly, “Likbez” is a non-profit publication.” In the most general terms, the credo of the creators of “Likbez” is a combination of literary innovation with enlightened patriotism and traditionalism. In the almanac's logo, as in Mayakovsky's famous maxim, the pen is equated to a bayonet. Thus, the creative ideal of the “likbezovtsy” is the union of the poet and the citizen. As for the actual aesthetic program of LIKBEZA, attempts to formulate one at one time were verbalized either as “conceptualism”, then as “new realism”, “new romanticism”, and finally today as “new sincerity”: “We, members of the almanac’s literary bureau “Likbez” is guided in its activities by the following considerations. 1. Modern Russian literature has found itself hostage to the ongoing implementation of two projects, equally escheatable and dead-end. The first project consists of attempts to bring back to life the sum of patterns, techniques and themes once tried out in the literature of the classical period. As a result, attempts to revive and zombify the honorable dead occur. The second project consists of attempts to squeeze the image of today's reality into “intentional,” playful, emphatically intellectual techniques, blindly borrowed from fundamentally different cultural traditions. In other words, in attempts to animate obviously lifeless entities and beings. Instead of the zombies planned by the first project, the second should result in golems. The difference is small and unimportant. We believe that literature needs to be instilled with a “new sincerity.” It is not the “collective spirit” that has died in God, not the naked or disguised rigid diet, but the heart of each of us, contemporaries, can and should become a source of both inspiration and fruitful work. 2. The situation in the literary province can also be described in the terms mentioned above. If some time ago the writer here did not have the opportunity to escape from the context of “Project Zombie,” now he is forced to choose “Project Golem.” But this choice cannot be called anything other than vicious and insignificant. Rigid clanism, corporatism, attempts to keep literature afloat as a mass phenomenon - all this aggravates the literary situation in the provinces, making it intolerable for those who see cultural prospects in front of them, who feel the will to create. 3. We believe that the place of a writer in social and cultural reality is in no way determined by his clan, generational, political, etc. n. accessory. The criterion here is simple - his creative capabilities, which must be realized in practice. And this practice, in addition to art itself, also includes communication, work, and any creative activity for the benefit of our fatherland and people. For the sake of mutual assistance and mutual realization, for the sake of the opportunity to open new creative perspectives, we work in Likbez, as well as outside it.”
Since 2000, Likbez has opened a website on the Internet (http://lik-bez.ru/), where new electronic issues of the publication are regularly posted. The online “Likbez” is the most popular resource among all regional publications and attracts authors from all over literary Russia and Russian-speaking abroad to its pages. A page is dedicated to “Educational Education” in the most authoritative study of current literature today, “Russian Literature Today,” written by S. Chuprinin.
The authors of “Likbez” for all the years of its existence were, first of all, representatives of the “new wave” of Altai literature: V. Tokmakov, A. Lushnikov, M. Gundarin, I. Kopylov, V. Kornev, V. Desyatov, I. Obmokni, Pautinich, K. Porogov, P. Gossen, D. Latyshev, N. Nikolenkova, S. Buzmakov, D. Evstigneev, A. Brekhov, E. Borshchev, E. Bannikov, E. Rotar, V. Berezhinsky, E. Wolf, D. Vorobyov, Y. Ganov, E. Ozhich, A. Karpov, F. Gabdraupova, A. Ambartsumyan, K. Libido, O. Bibu and others. At the same time, representatives of the older generation were also published in the almanac, such as: V .Bashunov, A.Rodionov, L.Garkavaya, V.Nechunaev, A.Pimenov, V.Slobodchikov, A.Kulyapin, V.Slipenchuk, I.Zhdanov, A.Eremenko, S.Yanenko. As talented representatives of the “supernova wave,” “Likbez” presents to its readers I. Kudryashov, V. Syroezhkin, P. Phoenix, A. Maslova, Baggio, E. Wagner, D. Mukhacheva, A. Sabelnikov and others.
Also well-known in reading Russia, D. Prigov, G. Shulpyakov, A. Dmitriev, V. Nikitin, D. Tonkonogov, V. Savich, O. Shevchenko, P. Fokin, V. Degtyareva, B. Ryzhiy, V. Maltsev, Jen, V. Kunyaev and others.
Educational program (meanings)
Educational program:
- Educational program ( face vision without literacy) - mass teaching of reading and writing to illiterate adults in Soviet Russia and the USSR.
- “Likbez” is an almanac founded in 1989 by V.V. Kornev, S.Yu. Levin and S.Yu. Lipov.
Examples of the use of the word educational program in literature.
Are you so politically illiterate that we educational program Should this be organized for you here?
At dusk Katya went to educational program, - she made her way under the very fences in order to get her feet wet as little as possible, stopped in despair at intersections, not knowing how to get across the street.
Ladimir was not the poorest man in the village, but not rich either; he had perhaps a tithe more land than she and Petrok; with his youngest daughter Anyuta, Stepanida went to educational program and sat at the same table at school.
Of course, she remembered and all the others who were in the unheated school that evening - the guys and men who had gathered for educational program, and among them there are only two women, Stepanida Bogatka and Anna Bogatka, or, as she was called in the village, Anyuta.
As for Potap, he apparently understood this in his own way, and two more times short notes about the Vyselkovites appeared in the newspaper: one that they were doing good work in the village educational program, and the other talks about the importance of collecting ash for fertilizer.
At the beginning of last autumn, Anyutka persuaded her to go to educational program, convinced: it’s a shame to be illiterate when the whole country is learning.
And how can everyone abandon the detachment that is about to organize itself? educational program, a club that they had already managed to put in order, repainting the drawings of the anarchist Kondraty Stepanovich.
And the club, and the village kids, and educational program, where people are already reading in warehouses?
Zina Kruglova tried to retell the funny answer of one peasant woman in class educational program, but no one found her story funny or interesting.
Olesya was a Komsomol member, she was assigned courses educational program in the village of Terekhovka, it’s twelve kilometers from us, you have to walk back and forth on foot.
But since these were, after all, elderly people, and peasants at that, they hardly had anything behind them except educational program, I reduced the theoretical part of the classes and increased the practical one.
Roza Yakovlevna, their teacher at educational program, and repeated: - Collectivization!
“Here we brought them little books,” Korovin touched the bag that he was dragging with his hand, “we give performances, in educational program We are working to eliminate illiteracy.
“Everything is in order,” Zina reported quickly, “a letter was sent to the Red Navy, classes are in educational program spent yesterday.
In the twenty-fourth year he began working in Perkhuriyevo educational program, young girls and boys flew to the evening light like snowflakes to a lamp, because there was no club in either Perkhurevo or Kobylino.