Complicated forms are characteristic of both simple and compound verbal predicates.

1. Forms of a simple verbal predicate can be complicated by particles or repetitions: And he, a hare, will have a heart that will roll! (S.-SH.); Rodion Potapych lived alive at his mine (M.-S.). The complicating element does not change the real meaning of the predicate, the meanings or shades introduced by it are of an abstract modal-expressive nature: assessments of the mode of action or the attitude of the speaker to action. The elimination of a particle or repetition does not destroy the predicate - only the additional meaning is lost (cf .: The hare's heart will roll; Rodion Potapych lived in his mine) ".

The particles complicating the predicate are numerous and varied in meaning. A particle for yourself (know to yourself) expresses a shade of inflexibility of action, indicates its flow in spite of obstacles: A dried vobla looks at itself, without blinking, at human delusions and throws stones at itself (S.-Shch.). A similar meaning can be expressed by a particle like this: Doctor Voznesensky never came to tea at four o'clock (S.-Ts.). But most often this particle indicates the completeness, intensity or duration of the action: Both hares died (S.-Shch.). .

Repetition as a formal means of complicating the predicate consists in connecting two identical conjugated forms of the same verb or conjugated form and infinitive, as well as a conjugated form with a single-root adverb on -th, -mya (they shout with a cry, roar with a roar, etc.). The repetition in the form of doubling the conjugated forms of the verb introduces a shade of duration, the fullness of the action: The shoemaker fought, fought, and, finally, grabbed his mind (Krylov). The combination of an infinitive with a single-root conjugated form has an additional shade of concession or doubt about the appropriateness of the action: Mityunka adopted this attitude, but no, no, he will come up with it in his own way (Bazhov); I remember, but what's the point? [Ibid., 315].

2. In complicated forms of CGS, not one, but two grammatical meanings of a phase or modal type are expressed. This means that in addition to the main, real infinitive component, the composition of the complicated form includes at least two auxiliary units. A complicated form of a compound verbal predicate: the auxiliary component is complicated, the real meaning of the predicate is not affected. Wed: continued to work - wanted to continue working, was ready to continue working, expressed a desire to continue working. The complication lies in the fact that the auxiliary component has indicators of two or more particular meanings - modal and phase, and its structure duplicates the structure of the compound verb predicate as a whole: The next morning, Akulina wanted to try and write (Pushkin); Shubin wanted to start working, but the clay crumbled (Turgenev). It is possible to combine several values. At the same time, the structure of the auxiliary component becomes more complicated, but it can include only one conjugated form, all other verbs are used in the infinitive: I could not decide to continue working, I had to be ready to continue working, I had to stop trying to work. The complicated form of the compound verbal predicate remains two-component (the main component is the full-valued verb to work).

Unlike P. A. Lekant, V. V. Babaitseva, I. P. Raspopov considers these constructions to be a union of two predicates - the main and the secondary.

Predicate- the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting an action or sign of what is expressed by the subject. A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by a verb. The verbal predicate, formally likened to the subject, is the form of the verb of any mood, tense and person.

As part of a simple verbal predicate, there may be various modal particles that are usually used in a colloquial style.

A simple verbal predicate is considered complicated if it is expressed by two verbs, one of which is lexically incomplete, or by two repeated verbs. In the composition of such predicates, various particles are often used.

Complicated predicates have different shades of meaning. They indicate, for example:

on the action and its purpose (I’ll go and write);

on the arbitrariness of the action (he took it and came);

on the uncertainty of the action (shoot does not shoot);

On the impossibility of carrying out the action (we can’t wait);

On the completeness of the action, redundancy (eat so eat);

· on the tension and duration of the action (look, you can’t see enough, you can’t drag it, don’t drag it), etc.

Compound verb predicate.

Compound predicates- these are predicates in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning (time and mood) are expressed in different words. The lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and the grammatical meaning (time and mood) is expressed in the auxiliary part.

Wed: He sang(PGS). - He started to sing(GHS); He was sick for two months(PGS). - He was sick for two months(SIS).

Compound Verbal Predicate (CGS) consists of two parts:

but) auxiliary part(verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (tense and mood)

b) main part(indefinite form of the verb - infinitive) expresses lexical meaning.

GHS = auxiliary verb + infinitive

For example: I started to sing; I want to sing; I'm afraid to sing.

However, not every combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verbal predicate! In order for such a combination to be a compound verbal predicate, two conditions must be met:

1. The auxiliary verb must be lexically ambiguous, that is, it alone (without the infinitive) is not enough to understand what the sentence is about.

1. I started- what to do?; I want- what to do?. If in the combination “verb + infinitive” the verb is significant, then it alone is a simple verbal predicate, and the infinitive is a secondary member of the sentence.

She sat down(for what purpose?) relax.

1. The action of the infinitive must refer to the subject (this is the subject infinitive). If the action of the infinitive refers to another member of the sentence (objective infinitive), then the infinitive is not part of the predicate, but is a minor member.

1. I want to sing. I want to sing- compound verb predicate (I want - I, sing I will- I)

2. I asked her to sing. Requested- simple verbal predicate sing- addition (I asked, she will sing).

Compound nominal predicate. The concept of the verb copula; types of verb connectives in Russian. The nominal part of the compound predicate and ways of its expression.

A compound nominal predicate (CIS) consists of two parts:

a) the auxiliary part - the link (the verb in conjugated form) expresses the grammatical meaning (time and mood); b) the main part - the nominal part (name, adverb) expresses lexical meaning.

SIS \u003d link + nominal part

For example: He was a doctor; He became a doctor; He was sick; He was sick; He was wounded; He came first.

Linking verb types:

1. Grammatical link - expresses only grammatical meaning (time, mood), has no lexical meaning. Verbs to be, to be. In the present tense, the connective to be is usually in the zero form ("zero connective"): the absence of a connective indicates the present tense of the indicative mood. He was a doctor . He will be a doctor . He doctor . He was sick . He will be sick . He sick . He is sick . Lyrics eat the highest manifestation art.

2. Semi-significant copula - not only expresses the grammatical meaning, but also introduces additional shades into the lexical meaning of the predicate, but cannot be an independent predicate (in that meaning).

a) occurrence or development of a trait: become, become, become, become;

b) preservation of the feature: stay;

c) manifestation, detection of a sign: to be, to be;

d) evaluation of the feature in terms of reality: to appear, to appear, to appear, to be considered;

e) the name of the feature: to be called, to be called, to be called. He became ill . He stayed sick . He been sick every autumn. He turned out to be sick . He considered sick . He seemed sick . He is sick . He reputed to be sick . Them called sick .

3. Significant copula - verb with full lexical meaning(one can act as a predicate).

a) Verbs of position in space: sit, lie down, stand;

b) verbs of motion: go, come, return, roam;

c) state verbs: live, work, be born, die. She sat tired . He left angry . He returned upset . He lived as a hermit . He born happy . He died a hero . Verb to be can act as an independent simple verbal predicate in sentences with the meaning of being or having:

Him It was three sons; Him It was much money.

Verbs become, become, become etc. can also be independent simple verbal predicates, but in a different meaning:

He turned out to be downtown; He became near the wall.

The most difficult to analyze are compound nominal predicates with a significant copula, because usually such verbs are independent predicates. If the verb becomes a copula, then its meaning is less important than the meaning of the name associated with the verb ( He sat tired; more important is that he was tired, not that is he sitting, not stood or lay).

For the combination "significant verb + name" to be a compound nominal predicate, the following conditions must be met:

1. the significant verb can be replaced by the grammatical connective be:

He sitting tired - He was tired ; He born happy - He was happy ; He came first - He was the first ;

1. the link can be made null:

He sitting tired - He tired ; He born happy - He happy ; He came first - He first .

If the verb has dependent forms of the full adjective, participle, ordinal number (answers the question which?), then it is always a compound nominal predicate ( sat tired, left upset, came first). The parts of such a compound nominal predicate are not separated by commas!

Ways of expressing the nominal part:

1. Noun:

A noun in the nominative or instrumental case ( He's mine brother . He was mine brother .);

A noun in the indirect case with or without a preposition ( Navigator was in oblivion . I penniless . This house - Meshkov .);

A whole phrase with the main word - a noun in the genitive case (with the meaning of a qualitative assessment) ( son-in-law was a silent breed . This girl tall .)

2. Adjective:

short adjective( He oars . He became cheerful .);

Full adjective in the nominative or instrumental case( He happy . He became cheerful .);

Adjective in comparative or superlative degree ( Here the sound of music were more audible . You the best .)

3. Participle:

Short participle ( He injured . glass were broken .);

Full participles in the nominative or instrumental case ( glass were broken . glass were broken .);

A pronoun or a whole phrase with the main word a pronoun ( All fish- your . This something new .);

The numeral in the nominative or instrumental case ( Their hut - third on the edge. Their hut was the third on the edge.);

4. Adverb( I was alert . His daughter married for my brother).

One-part sentences are those sentences that have one grammatical composition. Predicativity in one-part sentences is expressed in one main member, which is its only organizing center. This main member not only names a certain object, phenomenon or action, but also expresses an attitude towards reality. The second composition in such sentences either cannot be at all, or formally it could be, but its absence does not create incompleteness, but is a structural feature of these sentences.

One-part sentences can be common and non-common, depending on whether the main member is explained additional words or not. Definitely personal suggestions

Definitely-personal sentences are called, the main member of which is expressed in the form of the verb of the first or second person of the present and future tenses. The verb in this case does not need a pronoun, since its form contains an indication of a well-defined person. A verb in a definite-personal sentence can be in the form of both indicative and imperative.

Indefinitely personal sentences are such one-part sentences in which the main member is expressed by the verb in the form of the 3rd person plural of the present and future tenses or in the plural of the past tense and denotes an action performed by indefinite, i.e. unidentified persons.

Generalized personal sentences

Generalized-personal sentences are called one-part sentences, the main member of which is expressed by the verb of the 2nd person singular (present and future tense), and the action indicated by the verb in such sentences applies equally to any person, i.e. the subject of action is conceived in a generalized way. The main purpose of generalized personal sentences is a figurative expression of general judgments, large generalizations, which is why they are so widely represented in folk proverbs.

A simple verbal predicate expressed by a combination of two verbs or a combination of a verb with different particles.

1) A combination of two verbs in the same form, of which the first indicates an action, and the second indicates the purpose of this action. Let's go throw ourselves at the feet of your parents(Pushkin).

2) Repetition of the predicate to indicate the duration of the action. Floated, floated in the blue vague depth foamed by the wind on the block(Sholokhov).

3) Repetition of the predicate with an intensifying particle so to indicate high degree carried out action. Now he really sang so sang.

4) A combination of two single-root verbs and a particle not between them, with the modal meaning of impossibility. We can't wait for good weather. Breathe not inhale the wonderful mountain air.

5) The combination of the infinitive with the personal form of the same verb, which is preceded by the particle not, to further enhance the negative meaning of the predicate. I didn’t become stupid, but my feelings somehow dulled(Ch e x about v).

6) Connection with the help of unions and, yes, yes, and take the form of the verb and the same form of another verb to denote an arbitrary action, due to the personal whim of the subject. He took yes and hid(Bazhov).

7) The combination of turnover only and do (doing, doing, etc.) with the subsequent verb in the same form to indicate the intensity of the action. All he does is paint endlessly.

8) The combination of the verb in the personal form or in the infinitive form with the particle let's (let's) to express an invitation or motivation for joint action. Let's talk(Chekhov). Come fight me(Bitter).

9) The combination of the verb with the particle know (know yourself) to denote an action that is performed despite obstacles. They scold him, but he knows we are sleeping and does not want to hear anything. And he laughs to himself.

10) The combination of a verb with a particle to itself to express a process that takes place, as it were, independently of the will of a person. On a long evening, it happened, he would light a torch and spin it for himself, without closing his eyes(I. Nikitin).

• - VERB WORD...

  Literary Encyclopedia

• - predicate the main member of the sentence, meaning an event. It is expressed by a verb, as well as a noun, adjective, adverb; cf .: He is yearning / He is in anguish / The year was successful ...

  Literary Encyclopedia

• - VERB WORD...

  Dictionary of literary terms

• - PREDICATE or predicate. The term S. is used in different meanings: 1 ...

  Dictionary of literary terms

• - usually expressed by the personal form of the verb, which "represents the sign at the time of its occurrence" ...

  Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

• - one of the two main members of a two-part sentence; correlates with the subject ...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - An unchangeable word, sometimes coinciding in its sound composition with an onomatopoeic word or an interjection and used in the function of a verbal predicate with the meaning of an instantaneous action in the past ...
• - A predicate expressed by a verb in a personal form ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - A predicate formed by the form of the indicative, imperative, subjunctive moods. The sounds of a waltz echo through the water. Tell me about the branchy wheat or the agronomist, but keep quiet about the plans ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - see verb management ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - A simple verbal predicate that does not agree with the subject in person or number or both. It does not agree: 1) there is a predicate expressed by a verb, with a subject that has a plural form ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - A simple sentence, which includes: a) isolated turns. It was a pale, tiny creature, like a flower that had grown without the rays of the sun...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - see the verb predicate ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - see the verbal predicate compound ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - A kind of predicate, the main component of which is represented by: 1) the form of the infinitive of a full-valued verb; 2) verb phraseology ...

  Syntax: Dictionary

• - A kind of predicate, the main component of which is represented by: 1) the form of the infinitive of a full-valued verb; 2) verb phraseology; 3) descriptive verb-nominal turnover: The water on the lake began to freeze ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

"complicated verbal predicate" in books

Predicate. Ante mortem

From the book Herman. Interview. Essay. Scenario author Dolin Anton

Predicate. Ante mortem Imaginary illustration: Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Magpie on the Gallows Khrustalev, car! (1998) - the universe, organized according to the laws of the highest, not subject to human interpretations, absurdity. Chaos, which condenses to almost absolute (but, to the horror

NOT VERB TENSE

From the book Fragments from Nothing the author Vantalov Boris

NOT VERB TIME On October 2, an exhibition opened (three sculptors, my graphics) in the former library of Blok on Nevsky. Strange people asked me what a knot means instead of a causal place. They couldn't understand that a knot is a knot. I write about these nodules already

author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 184

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 184. The predicate with the subject - a quantitative-nominal combination (countable turnover) In the construction under consideration, the predicate can have both the singular and the plural form. Wed: Seven people of the chase entered ... (Leskov). - The next morning, fifty-seven workers

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 186. Predicate with a subject of the type brother and sister 1. With a subject of the specified type, formed by the combination "nominative plus preposition s plus instrumental", the predicate can stand both in the plural and in the singular. The form

§ 187. Predicate with subject - pronoun interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 187. The predicate with the subject - interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative pronoun

§ 183. Predicate with a subject that has a collective noun in its composition

author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 183. Predicate with a subject that has a collective noun in its composition

§ 184

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 184. The predicate with the subject - a quantitative-nominal combination (countable turnover) In the construction under consideration, the predicate can have both the singular and the plural form. Wed: Seven people of the chase entered ... (Leskov). - The next morning, fifty-seven immigrants

§ 186. Predicate with a subject of the type brother and sister

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 186. Predicate with a subject of the type brother and sister 1. With the turns of the indicated type, formed by the combination “nominative plus instrumental with the preposition c”, the predicate can stand both in the plural and in the singular. Form

predicate (predicate)

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (PR) of the author TSB

Predicate

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (SK) of the author TSB

7.15. Predicate. Types of the predicate and ways of expressing it

author Guseva Tamara Ivanovna

7.15. Predicate. Types of the predicate and ways of expressing it The predicate is the main member of the sentence, expressing the sign of the subject and answering the questions: what does the subject do? what is he? who is he? what is it? Predicates are divided into verbal and nominal.

7.16. Predicate expressed by adverb and interjection

From the book Modern Russian. Practical guide author Guseva Tamara Ivanovna

7.16. Predicate expressed by adverb and interjection The predicate can be expressed by an adverb with or without a bunch, for example: “I was married at your age” (L. Tolstoy); “How inopportunely this memory was” (Ch.); “After all, I am somewhat akin to her” (Gr.). The nominal part is expressed

Complicated grief

From the book Change Your Brain - Age Will Change! by Amen Daniel J.

Complicated Grief At some point in our lives, we all experience grief, whether it be the death of a loved one, divorce, or other loss. And although we will never forget the loss, over time, the memories will become less painful and begin to bring more warm feelings. How much should

Lesson 2.3 Predicate. Modal verbs. Properties. Translation

From the book English Grammar with Vasya Pupkin author Gorodnyuk Natalia

Lesson 2.3 Predicate. Modal verbs. Properties. Translation N: Now that we have examined the various types of subjects, it is worth paying our attention to the predicate. We have already said that after the subject there should always be a predicate, and now our task is to

only a conjugated full-valued verb or a lexicalized combination of a verbal component with others contains both the name of the action feature and indicators of the grammatical meanings of the predicate. Such forms of the predicate cannot have a complete paradigm of modal-temporal forms and are unproductive. The forms of a simple predicate represented by verbal phraseological units and descriptive verb-nominal phrases should also be classified as unproductive: Sometimes you look and think: but I’m not a match for him Maxim Gorky ....

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Simple verbal predicate. Complicated forms

A simple predicate can only be a verb, because only a conjugated full-valued verb (or a lexicalized combination of a verbal component with others) contains both the name of the attribute (action) and indicators of the grammatical meanings of the predicate.

A simple verbal predicate is represented in Russian by various forms. The most productive is the predicate, expressed by a conjugated full-valued verb in direct use of the forms of mood, tense, person: It would be better if she hit me, this beauty! (Maxim Gorky) This predicate has a complete paradigm of modal-temporal forms.

The so-called relative use of verb forms of mood or tense (one form in the meaning of the other) introduces additional shades into the predicate. So, in the sentence Akim (Turgenev) fall in love with this Dunyasha and fall in love, the imperative mood is used in the meaning of the indicative. Such forms of the predicate cannot have a complete paradigm of modal-temporal forms and are unproductive.

The forms of a simple predicate, represented by verbal phraseological units and descriptive verbal-nominal phrases, should also be classified as unproductive: Sometimes you look and think: but I tell himI'm not up to the mark(Maksim Gorky). Their use has expressive-stylistic limitations; in addition, some verbal phraseological units (whistle into a fist, remember your name, etc.) may not have certain forms of mood and tense.

The unproductiveness of these forms of the predicate does not mean their low use, as well as their “inferiority”. On the contrary, they may have an advantage over the "free" conjugated forms of the verb in semantic and especially in emotionally expressive terms. The unproductiveness of this kind of predicate lies in the irregularity of the formation of modal-temporal forms or in their limited implementation in certain styles of speech.

A special unproductive group of a simple verbal predicate is represented by inconsistent, unchangeable forms - the infinitive and the "truncated" (interjective) form: Tatyana ah! and he roar (Pushkin). These forms are used mainly in the meaning of the indicative mood. Like the temporal, this meaning is not formally expressed, and there are no formal indicators of the dependence of the predicate on the subject. The predicate is emphasized intonation. Each of the inconsistent forms introduces an additional expressive shade into the meaning of the predicate: truncated - intensity, swiftness of action, infinitive - an energetic start to action (or determination to act immediately).

Forms of a simple verbal predicate can be complicated by particles or repetitions: And he, the hare, has a heart so it will roll ! (Saltykov-Shchedrin); And new friendshugging, kissing(Krylov). The complicating element does not change the real meaning of the predicate, the meanings or shades introduced by it have an abstract modal-expressive character: assessments of the mode of action or the attitude of the speaker to action. The elimination of a particle or a repetition does not destroy the predicate - only the additional meaning is lost (cf .: The hare has a heart will roll; Friends - hug).

The particles complicating the predicate are numerous and varied in meaning. The particle to yourself (know to yourself) expresses a shade of inflexibility of action, indicates its flow despite obstacles: Looks to himself dried vobla, without blinking, on human delusions and know yourself throwing stones (Saltykov-Shchedrin). A similar meaning can be expressed by a particle like this: Doctor Voznesensky never came to tea at four o'clock (Sergeev-Tsensky). But most often this particle indicates the completeness, intensity or duration of action: Both hares so they died (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

Repetition as a formal means of complicating the predicate consists in combining two identical conjugated forms of the same verb or a conjugated form and an infinitive, as well as a conjugated form with a single-root adverb in -om, -my (they shout with a cry, roar with a roar, etc.). Repetition in the form of doubling the conjugated forms of the verb introduces a shade of duration, completeness of the action: Shoemaker fought, fought and finally grabbed his mind (Krylov). The combination of an infinitive with a single-root conjugated form has an additional shade of concession or doubt about the appropriateness of the action: Remember, I remember , what's the point? (from newspapers).

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Everyone knows that the predicate is one of the main (according to many scientists, even the most important) member of the sentence. We can meet predicates of three different types. Let's talk now about a simple verb predicate.

Features of a simple verbal predicate

In Russian syntax, three types of predicates are usually distinguished; students study this material in the 8th grade. To compare them, see the samples in the table.

As you can see from the patterns, the simple verb predicate is indeed simple - it consists of one verb.

It must be remembered that in the system of the Russian verb there is a compound form of the future tense from the imperfective verb - I will teach, I will speak, etc. It's one verb, just in compound form. The predicate is a simple verb.

In a simple verbal predicate, both semantic and grammatical roles are played by one word - a verb in any personal form.

A predicate of this type can be found both in a two-part and in a one-part sentence of any kind, except for the nominal one.

How can a simple verb predicate be expressed

In a sentence, a simple verbal predicate can be expressed by any verb in any form, that is, in the form of any mood, any tense, any person and number.

But not the infinitive! The infinitive (the indefinite form of the verb) CANNOT be a simple verbal predicate.

The infinitive cannot express the grammatical meaning, for that it is an indefinite form, therefore, on its own, without auxiliary words, it cannot play the role of a predicate. But we must be careful: after all, the compound future tense also consists of the verb "to be" in the desired form and the infinitive, and this is entirely one simple verbal predicate. But there is no contradiction here, because two words of the compound future are one verb in meaning, it can be replaced by one synonym of the perfect form: I will read - I will read, I will speak - I will say, etc.

So, a simple verbal predicate can be expressed in different forms of one verb:

• The indicative mood in any tense, any person, number and gender;
• The imperative mood in any form, including compound (let them tell, etc.);
• The conditional mood is also in any form.

In theory, formative particles are part of the verb form, so they are most often emphasized along with the predicate; in this case, two words may be underlined, and the predicate is a simple verb. It's just a compound form of the verb.

Examples of a simple verbal predicate

In the indicative mood:

I will sleep. I will sing an aria. I sang at the school party.

In the imperative mood:

Read! Let him read! Read this! Let's read text.

In the conditional mood:

We would go to Kazan. I would go to Kolomna.

What have we learned?

A simple verbal predicate is expressed by one verb in any form (including compound), which takes on both grammatical and semantic functions. A simple verbal predicate can occur in both a two-part and one-part sentence.

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