УлГУ, Ульяновск, Россия
Сочинение на английском языке с переводом. Номинация Люди и общество.
Secrets of Gestures and Body Language
People socialize all the time when they are not alone even if they are keeping silence. This non-verbal communication is possible because we use body language, unconsciously accept it and respond to it.
Body language is an important part of any interaction, so every person should develop an ability to read other people signals and interpret them so as to be aware of their unconscious feelings and emotions.
Body language isn`t always just one movement. Very often it is more than one, but you can be assured that if your non-verbal signals are out of kilter with your spoken message, the people listening to you will feel uncomfortable, or may not believe, or may not be interested, etc.
Here is a list of some body-language habits and their interpretations:
- running fingers through the hair - a person is unsure, frustrated or angry;
- sitting back with both hands behind the head - he knows it all;
- tight-lipped with both hands on hips - aggressive;
- rubbing the earlobe - a person is nervous or doubtful;
- legs crossed, arms tightly folded - your counterpart is annoyed or defensive;
- hair-twisting - nervous;
- stroking the chin - he is deep in thoughts;
- foot tapping, fist clenched - your opposite number is dominant and aggressive.
Surely, this is not the whole list of habits which can be observed in day-to-day life. Moreover, I do believe that some of these interpretations are generalized and only partly try as every person is unique and his gestures and body language should be interpreted in a particular situation. I`m personally keen on twisting my hair, thus I can`t say that I`m always nervous. On the contrary, I`m an extremely self-confident person.
However, we shouldn`t underestimate the importance of our body language as it can tell us more, than words can do.
Люди постоянно общаются, даже когда они молчат. Эта невербальная коммуникация возможна благодаря тому, что мы используем язык тела, бессознательно воспринимаем его и отвечаем.
Язык тела - важная часть любого взаимодействия между людьми, поэтому им следует развивать умение "читать и распознавать" сигналы других людей, чтобы знать, какие подсознательные чувства и эмоции испытывают их собеседники.
Язык тела это не одно движение. Чаще всего это ряд каких-то действий. Но вы должны знать, что если ваши невербальные сигналы не соответствуют вашим вербальным сигналам, то т, кто вас слушает, могут почувствовать себя некомфортно, перестанут вам верить или вообще прекратят вас слушать.
Вот список основных жестов и их интерпретация:
- гладит себя по волосам - человек неуверен, испуган или зол;
- сидит, откинувшись на спинку стула, обе руки за головой - он знает все, что вы говорите;
- губы поджаты, обе руки на поясе - он агрессивен;
- теребит мочку уха - человек нервничает или в замешательстве;
- ноги скрещены, руки сложены на груди - ваш собеседник раздражен или защищает себя;
- крутит прядь волос - нервничает;
- подпирает подбородок - размышляет;
- постукивает ногой, сжимает кулак - ваш партнер хочет доминировать или он агрессивен.
Конечно, это не полный список жестов языка тела, которые можно наблюдать в повседневной жизни. Кроме того, я считаю, что толкование некоторых жестов обобщено и верно только частично, так как каждый человек уникален и его язык тела следует интерпретировать в зависимости от конкретной ситуации. Лично я обожаю играть с прядкой волос, но не могу сказать, что я постоянно нервничаю. Наоборот, я очень уверенный в себе человек.
Тем не менее, нам не следует недооценивать важность языка жестов, так как он может показать нам намного больше, чем расскажут просто слова.
Do we expect other cultures to adopt our customs or are we willing to adopt theirs? This might translate to how business or even foreign relations are to be conducted. Do we compromise or force others peoples to deal only on our terms? We may not have time to hear a language, but taking time to learn the «signals» is a powerful communicator.
As the global village continues to shrink and cultures collide, it is essential for all of us to become more sensitive, more aware, and more observant to the myriad motions, gestures, and body language that surround us each day. And as many of us cross over cultural borders, it would be fitting for us to respect, learn, and understand more about the effective, yet powerful «silent language» of gestures.
The world is a giddy montage of vivid gestures- traffic police, street vendors, expressway drivers, teachers, children on playground, athletes with their exuberant hugging, clenched fists and «high fives». People all over the world use their hands, heads, and bodies to communicate expressively.
Without gestures, our world would be static and colorless. The social anthropologists Edward T. Hall claims 60 percent of all our communication is nonverbal. In that case, how can we possibly communicate with one another without gestures?
Gestures and body language communicate as effectively as words- maybe even more effectively. We use gestures daily, almost instinctively, from beckoning to a waiter, or punctuating a business presentation with visual signals to airport ground attendants guiding an airline pilot into the jet way or a parent using a whole dictionary of gestures to teach (or preach to) a child.
Gestures are woven inextricably in to our social lives, but also that the «vocabulary» of gestures, can be at once informative and entertaining... but also dangerous. Gestures can be menacing (two drivers on a freeway), warm (an open-armed welcome), instructive (a police man giving road directions0, or even sensuous (the liquid movement of a Hawaiian hula dancer).
Bear in mind that the following gestures are in general use, but there may always be exceptions. In recent years, Western and contemporary values and ideas have become more popular and has either influenced, altered, and even replaced, some of the more traditional gestures, understanding human behavior is tricky stuff. No two people behave in precisely the same way. Nor do people from the same culture all perform exactly the same gestures and body language uniformly. For almost any gestures there will probably be a minority within a given nationality who might say «Well, some might attach that meaning to it, but to me it means...» and then they will provide a different interpretation.
In the world of gestures, the best single piece of advice is to remember the two A’s – «Ask» and be «aware.» If you see a motion or gesture that is new or confusing, ask a local person what it signifies. Then, be aware of the many body signs and customs around you.
На этот раз она будет посвящена нашим повседневным (или уже ушедшим в прошлое) жестам приветствия. Существует достаточно много разных приветствий, но мало кто задумывается, как сказать хотя бы одно из них . Например, рукопожатие переводится, как handshake, это слово вроде бы на слуху, и много кто его вспомнит, если потребуется. А вот как c остальными жестами?
Возможно, кому-то данная тема будет не так интересна, но я все-таки ее рассмотрю. Соглашусь, что в повседневной жизни встречаются не все типы приветствий, которые мы сегодня рассмотрим. Но ведь нам необходимо расширять словарный запас, так ведь? Никто не знает, какие слова пригодятся нам в будущем.
Greetings Приветствия
| Bow (Поклон) | This is a formal style of greeting for a man to a superior, such as a king, queen, lord or lady. Simply move your body forwards and down as a sign of respect. | Это формальный стиль приветствия мужчиной человека, высшего по рангу или социальному статусу. Например, короля, королеву, лорда или леди. Просто продвиньте тело вперед и вниз, выказывая знак уважения. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Curtsey (Реверанс) | This is the female version of the bow (see previous entry). Lower your body, bend your knees and hold your skirt with both hands. | Это женская версия поклона (см. пред.).Опуститесь, согните колени и придержите юбку двумя руками. |  |
| Hat raising or tipping (Снятие шляпы) | This is a formal and old-fashioned way of greeting that was popular when people wore hats. It’s often performed as a mark of respect to a superior, such as a country gentleman. Simply raise the hat a few inches off your head, bow your head gently and say something such as «morning». | Это формальный и старомодный способ поздороваться, который был популярным, когда люди носили шляпы. Часто это преподносилось, как знак уважения высшему по статусу человеку, как, например, как джентльмену из провинции. Просто поднимите шляпу на несколько дюймов от головы, учтиво склоните голово и скажите что-то вроде «Доброе утро». |  |
| Hand kiss (Поцелуй руки) | Take the other person’s hand (usually a woman’s) and gently kiss it. Often performed by a man to a superior, such as a queen, princess or lady. | Возьмите чью-либо руку (обычно женскую) и нежно ее поцелуйте. Обычно — это жест мужчины по отношению к вышестоящей персоне (королеве, принцессе, леди). |  |
| Hand clasp/ a homie handshake (Братское рукопожатие) | The hand clasp, or «homie handshake», is a cool way of greeting one another. Hold your hand at about shoulder height with your elbow bent, and lock thumbs with your colleague. | Рукопожатие «руки в замок», или «братское» рукопожатие — это крутой (молодежный) способ поздороваться с кем-то. Держите руку где-то на высоте плеча, согните локоть и замкните большие пальцы. |  |
| Head inclination (Наклон головы) | On seeing someone you know, simply raise your head slightly and say «all right?». This is usually done among friends or casual acquaintances. | Когда вы видите кого-то из знакомых вам людей, просто слегка поднимите свою голову и скажите «all right?». Обычно так делают друзья или часто встречающиеся знакомые. |  |
На сегодня достаточно новых английских слов. Надеюсь, вы прочитали все, что написано на языке оригинала. Чтение очень полезно для практики английского языка. Если вы все поняли, даже не смотря на перевод, то это еще один плюс в вашу копилку. Продолжайте в том же духе, учите лексику.
Разумеется, жестов, которыми принято приветствовать друг друга, достаточно много. Если вы не нашли то, что искали, это обязательно будет в следующих статьях. Приятного вам обучения!
Body Language Essay, Research Paper
In most areas around the world, English and Latin are known as the universal languages. There is one language that most people forget, body language. Most body gestures are understandable to people all over the world. For example, most people realize that when a person has their arms crossed they are not very open to what another person has to say. Body language itself is great to analyze as a correspondent of written/spoken language because the roots of a gesture are often much more apparent than the roots for a word. Because body language involves physicality, interaction and communication can occur on a much more basic and primitive level as a means of communication.
All of us are trained in the use of speech, to communicate what we mean in a way that other people will understand. As we are trained to use speech to communicate we also are taught how to position our bodies to express what we are feeling. As children learn from their parents how to speak, they also observe the gestures that their parents use when saying certain words. Communication through body language is in this way somewhat of an unconscious learned behavior. A person’s external body language speaks amplitudes. Your subconscious mind records everything it sees and experiences, including body language and the words it hears, then analyzes their consistency and spits out true gut feelings. That is why you can usually rely on your gut feelings.By observing somebody’s posture, eye movements, and breathing you can gain information about what she/he is doing in her/his mind. You can get the same information by listening to the qualities of her/his tone of voice.
The style you use when speaking is as important as the words you choose to use. When someone has a very sarcastic tone of voice the speaker is often unpleasant about the topic that they are talking about. When a person’s tone of voice is sarcastic, their body language is often sarcastic. For example, when they are saying the sarcastic statement the speaker may roll their eyes. Most people are unconscious of their body language, but it speaks volumes about what they’re really thinking. Everyone uses body language to communicate, whether they are aware of it or not.
Body language is either positive or negative. Some examples of positive body language are relaxed posture, good eye contact, nodding agreement, smiling or adding humor, and gesturing warmly. Negative body language includes a tense body, having you arms folded in front of you, having a hand on your face, fidgeting, placing your arms behind head, leaning back, yawning, exhibiting impatience or distraction, leaning away, and displaying negative facial expressions. When a person is analyzing their body language they should try to appear open and warm, confident, trustworthy, and relaxed. When two people in a conversation exhibit these characteristics, a conversation is sure to go smooth and be successful.
Through life experience we have learned that people often lie with words. White lies are told numerous times in one day by a person. However, facial expressions and other body language tend to be more honest. When a person’s words and body movements are consistent, we feel more comfortable and confident that what that person is saying to us is true. When a person’s facial expression differs from their words, your experience tells you to believe the person’s body language, not the words. Everyone is aware that your body doesn’t know how to tell a lie. Body language, unlike spoken language is indefinite; so you have to be careful about how you interpret it. A certain movement or facial expression may be quite meaningful, or it may mean nothing at all. Therefore, it would not be wise to accuse someone of lying to you just because one of their gestures suggested that they were uncomfortable and lying.
It is impossible for a person to not communicate. No matter what you do, or don’t do, you still declare your emotional state. Each of us reveals our emotional state with non-verbal signals. During courting, and later in a romantic relationship, knowing what the other person is feeling helps you behave appropriately. But, to know what that person is experiencing, you must attack the environment with your eyes, ears, and yes, your inintuition. In relations miscommunication is often the cause of most of the arguments, that includes misunderstanding someone’s body language. For example, a person may get upset with their significant other simply for the look they have on their face when they say something, if something was said sarcastically, or if one person yawned in the middle of a conversation.
If you think about it everything that you think of as communication is actually body language: tone of voice, clearing our throats, rolling our eyes, touching our nose - everything except the words we say. Your eye contact, or lack of eye contact, communicates. Your pauses communicate. Your facial expressions communicate. Your crossed legs communicate. Your posture communicates. Your open hands communicate. Your aroma communicates. In particular, your appearance communicates; hair style, type of eye glasses, accessories, tattoos, and your overall choice of attire. Once again, everything about you is part of your personal communication.
Our bodies can be just as expressive as our tongues. In fact, they’re usually a good deal, clearer, as a physical gesture or reaction will inevitably expose precisely what our spoken words seek to evade. It is essential, then, for people whose work involves frequent interfacing with others, to become fluent in the communication source of body language. Body language reflects accurately one’s emotional and mental state. Non verbal signs are very effective. They have a critical influence on the communicational processes, on the impression one creates, the manner in which she/he is treated by others and her/his performance. Understanding the messages conveyed through the body is of significant importance in order to improve communication skills, to improve one’s personal and professional targets and to increase personal effectiveness in inter-personal contacts.
As we know, nonverbal communication is the way that you use interchangeable sets of
visual, vocal, and invisible communication systems to convey and interpret meaning. There are
many categories that are included in nonverbal communication: “paralanguage, or vocalics;
posture, movement; objects, or artifacts; space, or proxemices; time; and the five senses
(Zeuschner 80).” Vocalicsis when you use volume, tone, rate, pitch, and quality of your voice to
give magnitude and meaning to our words. Proxemics means using space to communicate.
Artifacts are those objects – clothing, jewelry, etc.- taht relay a message about you. Movement
includes your posture, walking style, gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions. Time, also known as chronemics, can communicate attitudes or status. Lastly, there are the five sense
feeling, touching, smelling, seeing, and hearing, all of which express information to you from
Lastly, there are the five sense feeling, touching, smelling, seeing, and hearing, all of which express information to you from others (Zeuschner 80). These components combine together to make up the basic parts of nonverbal communication. When you use these components together they make your communication skills clearer and you relay better messages to others. There have been estimates made about the impact of nonverbal communication on the total communication process. It is said that body language ranges from 65 to 93 percent of communication (Zeuschner 81). Actions that you use to illustrate non-verbal communication are displayed in these six functions of nonverbal communication behaviors:
(1) Substitutuing
(4) contradicting
(5) Managing impressions
(6) Establishing relationships.
The influence of body language is at least as important as verbal communication. It is always present among conversations and other methods of communicating. One of the many examples of body language would be if a male and a female were at a party together. If both people were at opposite sides of the room but they both wanted to talk, they would find other ways to communicate with each other. The girl may notice the guy looking at her. After she has made eye contact with the guy, she might smile at him to let him know that she wants to talk to him. He would then smile back and the two people would walk towards each other and begin to talk.
Realizing the weaknesses in your nonverbal communication can be the key to becoming a successful communicator. “Self-awareness can be developed simply by getting into the habit of noitoring your behavior and taking note of our posture, movements, and objects (Zeuschner 93).” It is a good idea for someone to get outside opinions from peers and authoritative people on what aspects of your communication could use some improvement. Videotaping yourself in real situations will also expose you to your flaws. Once you have made the steps of improvement to your own nonverbal communication, you may begin to realize and analyze the body language of others whom you are in contact with. If you are more understanding of how you portray your own body movements and the body movements of others your communication with others will result in happier, calmer, and more successful conversations with others. This can be beneficial to you not only in your personal relationships, but also in your business relationships.
One more example of how non-verbal communication can be crucial to your life is in the area of a business interview. If there are two people being interviewed for a job, both containing the same crudential
Body Language and Communication without Words.
Body language is a form of communication that requires no writing or sound to get across things that you think and feel. Body language is prevalent in all humans whether it is conscious or unconscious. People may be totally unaware of the fact that they are communicating a feeling or idea without actually saying it. Body language though is different depending on culture and location, as all spoken languages are, yet gestures and body language are a silent language that helps to understand one another.
Gestures and body language communicate as effectively as words- maybe even more effectively. For example, a big smile on babies face can say more than a thousand words. It is unnecessary and unimaginable for a baby to say "I"m so happy!" when they are obviously grinning ear to ear. Gestures are, for the most part, learned before any type of language is acquired. .
Anthropologists divide our actions and gestures into three broad categories. The categories include instinctive, coded, and acquired. Instinctive gestures are the actions we make unconsciously, such as smiling when you are happy. Coded gestures are gestures that have been assigned to certain events, such as a referee putting both arms up when a touchdown is scored in football. Acquired gestures are gestures that society has put into place, such as waving with your arm to say good bye.
Coded Gestures are probably the easiest for us Americans to interpret. We have devised certain hand signals to represent "stop," "come here," and insults (such as the middle finger). Sporting events also rely on hand gestures to run more efficiently. Imagine having to yell calls across the field or court. What a mess that would be! Hand gestures and signals can simplify things and make understanding a police man or referee easy.
Instinctive gestures such as smiling or frowning come naturally and are easy to pick up on.
Essays Related to Body Language
1.
Body Language. ... The study of body language is not a new thing, they conceal emotions. ... There are a few basic modes of body language. ... Speaking is body language. ... Body language on the other hand is made up of many different aspects....
- Word Count: 452
- Approx Pages: 2
- Grade Level: High School
2.
Body language is a metod of non-verbal communication. ... Many people use body language as an everyday method of communication. ... A lot of people believe that body language is just a simple hand movement, and or sign language. Body language is more than that. ... There is a lot of information on body language that has been researched. ...
- Word Count: 347
- Approx Pages: 1
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3.
Theses forms of communication are non other than that of body language (kinesics) and paralanguage. Body language is a form of communication through different movements and gestures of the body. ... The use of kinesics (body language) and paralanguage in everyday life is the most prominent use of persuasion we use subconsciously. ... Body language, body idiom, gesture language, organ language and kinesics acts are just some terms used to depict kinesics. In ways that body language works in nonverbal acts, body language parallels paralanguage. ...
- Word Count: 429
- Approx Pages: 2
- Grade Level: High School
4.
The study of body language is called Kinesics. ... Gestures and body language have been called "the silent language" (Axtell 11). ... Body language usually does not lie. ... A lot of body language is hereditary or is taught at a very young age. ... Body language comes to us naturally. ...
- Word Count: 3123
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5.
Characteristics of language Definitions of language Many definitions of language have been proposed. Henry Sweet, an English phonetician and language scholar, stated: "Language is the expression of ideas by means of speech-sounds combined into words. ... Normally, people acquire a single language initially "their first language, or mother tongue, the language spoken by their parents or by those with whom they are brought up from infancy. ... Language, as described above, is species-specific to man. ... The science of language is known as linguistics. ...
- Word Count: 8535
- Approx Pages: 34
- Grade Level: Undergraduate
6.
In 1450 English became the language used in?... It was the language of the capital. ... I am walking are not available in many other languages. ... Other languages use SOV and some do not require a particular order. ... Every known aspect of the language experienced change and growth. ...
- Word Count: 1558
- Approx Pages: 6
- Has Bibliography
- Grade Level: High School
7.
Usually body language occurs unconsciously. ... We can learn to use our body language for a purpose. ... Body language is used especially to express feelings. ... Spoken language and body language go mostly hand in hand. ... Most people are not very aware of their body language. ...
- Word Count: 1269
- Approx Pages: 5
- Grade Level: High School