1. PROJECT: “IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS”.

YOU WILL NEED: 3 small jars with lids, water, green food coloring, vegetable oil, alcohol, dishwashing liquid

SCHEME OF WORK:

1. Pour into the first jar of water one third of the volume of the jar. Add some paint.
2. Pour one third of the volume of oil on top of the wall of the jar and then one third of the volume of alcohol.
3. See how liquids behave.
4. Just pour water, oil and alcohol into the other two jars.
5. In the third jar, add about one teaspoon of dishwashing detergent.
6. Close all jars with lids.
7. Shake the second and third cans.
8. After a few hours, compare the liquids in the three jars.

RESULT: In the first jar, three layers of liquid are clearly visible. A cloudy mixture formed in the third jar. In the second jar, the oil is almost in the middle, but the liquid is colored both above and below.

EXPLANATION: Alcohol is miscible with water, while oil is not miscible with either water or alcohol. Oil floats in water, but sinks in pure alcohol. If you choose the right amount of water and alcohol and add just a little oil, then the oil will float in the middle of this mixture, gathering in a ball.

REPORT PREPARATION TIP: Take photos of the jars immediately after shaking and a few hours later. Sign the jars and show them at the exhibition.

DO YOU KNOW? When dishwashing detergent is added, an emulsion is formed - the fat is broken into very small droplets that cannot join together. Substances that cause the formation of an emulsion are called emulsifiers. By forming an emulsion, dishwashing detergent helps to wash greasy food off the plates. One of the natural emulsifiers is egg yolk. When making mayonnaise, it helps the oil mix with the vinegar and other additives. Mixtures of substances are usually more effective as emulsions than individual substances, and more often the latter are used in compositions for various purposes.

Various in composition and properties, emulsions are widely used in industry, agriculture, medicine and other fields. Many food products are multicomponent emulsions (for example, milk is one of the first emulsions studied, egg yolk), and in addition, milky plant juices, cheese oil.

In the form of emulsions, cutting fluids, some pesticides, space products, medicines, binders for emulsion paints are used. Bitumen emulsions are widely used in construction.

2. PROJECT: "EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD".

YOU WILL NEED: Rectangular magnet, iron filings (or steel nail and file), old pepper jar, coffee can lid, 2 sheets of heavy white paper, spray bottle, vinegar, ruler, pen or marker

All magnetic fields - both small and large - have the same shape. The huge magnetic field of the Earth, which extends from the South Pole to the North Pole, is very similar to the field of an ordinary rectangular magnet. You will be convinced of this by completing the proposed project.

SCHEME OF WORK:

1. Using a coffee can lid, draw a circle on one sheet of paper. Draw the contours of the continents inside the circle to make a simplified map of the Earth.
2. Bend down the edges of the sheet on which the globe is drawn so that the image of the globe is slightly higher than the magnet that you put under the sheet.
3. Place the magnet under the sheet so that it lies along the line connecting the North and South Poles of the Earth in the picture.
4. Fold the second piece of paper into a funnel and insert the narrow end of the funnel into the pepper pot.
5. Pour the iron filings through this funnel into the pepper pot. If you can't find iron filings, get them yourself from a nail with a file. There should be enough sawdust so that they cover a sheet of paper with a thin layer. Bending the sheet, pour the sawdust into the pepper box.
6. Gently sprinkle the sawdust on the sheet and blow on them so that they are evenly distributed on the paper.
7. Pour the vinegar into a spray bottle and gently spritz it on your card. Do not bring the sprayer too close to move the sawdust. Let it sit overnight for the vinegar to dry, then use a brush to remove the sawdust from the card.

RESULT: By pouring sawdust on the map, you will observe an interesting phenomenon - sawdust will be distributed along the lines of the magnetic field. The field of a rectangular magnet accurately reproduces the Earth's magnetic field. Under the action of vinegar, the sawdust rusts, and a pattern of magnetic field lines remains on the paper.

EXPLANATION: Magnetic lines of force join at two points called magnetic poles. Although scientists have been looking for exceptions for a long time, so far only magnets with north and south poles are known to people, between which magnetic lines pass. All magnetic fields - both large and small - have the same shape.

REPORT PREPARATION TIP: Photograph every step of your experience. Next to the received photos, place the finished card on the stand. Draw several magnetic fields of various shapes, showing lines of force and poles.

DO YOU KNOW? By studying the distribution of iron particles and magnetic materials in ancient clay deposits, scientists can learn what the Earth's magnetic fields were like many millennia ago. These ancient magnetic particles, timeless, like tiny compasses, show that the North Pole used to be almost where the South Pole is now! Therefore, many scientists believe that once upon a time there was a change in the Earth's magnetic poles.

3. PROJECT: “VOLCANO ERUPTION”.

YOU WILL NEED: two plastic bottles of dishwashing liquid, one of them with a cap, a tablespoon, red food coloring, vinegar, baking soda, papier-mâché, thick cardboard or board, duct tape, black and brown gouache, brush, varnish for hair, glue funnel.

Volcanic eruption, accompanied by the release of gas and lava, is one of the most frightening and effective natural phenomena. Volcano explorers often put themselves in great danger by observing them. This model will allow you to calmly watch a volcanic eruption without leaving your home.

The project can be combined with the study of lava eruption.

PART 1. VOLCANO MODEL.

SCHEME OF WORK:

1. Pour three-quarters of the volume of the bottle into a bottle with a cap. Add red food coloring and cap the bottle. Write "lava" on it.
2. Glue the second bottle to the center of the board and thick cardboard sheet.
3. Cut the adhesive tape into strips, attach it to the neck of the bottle and to a sheet of cardboard in the form of an awning.
4. Make papier-mâché by mixing starch, water and pieces of old newspaper in a bowl. Cover the top with strips of duct tape. Carefully trim the top of the bottle with papier-mâché to make it look like a volcano crater.
5. Leave the model to dry. Paint it black and brown to make it look like a mountain, then cover it with hairspray.

PART 2. VOLCANO ERUPTION MODEL.

SCHEME OF WORK:

1. Open the lava bottle and carefully pour the lava into the volcano bottle (better pour through a funnel).
2. Quickly add 4 tablespoons (60 ml of baking soda).
3. Stand back and watch the volcanic eruption from afar.

RESULT: Baking soda reacts with acetic acid to form carbon dioxide. Gas bubbles rising from the bottom of the bottle linger in the narrow neck of the bottle, and as a result, part of the liquid is ejected from it along with pieces of foam.

EXPLANATION: Before a volcano erupts, pressure increases inside it. As a result, gas and stones are ejected with force from the volcano, or lava is poured out.

REPORT PREPARATION TIP: The “eruption” does not last long, so for the exhibition it is necessary to take good photographs of this process. The model of the volcano is beautiful in itself, and it must be shown.

DO YOU KNOW? The pressure of lava and hot gases inside a volcano can cause an explosion stronger than an atomic bomb. Now on Earth there are both active and extinct volcanoes sometimes “wake up” unexpectedly, starting to act again. As a result of eruptions, new mountains and islands appear. Water accumulates in the craters of extinct volcanoes - clean, deep and very beautiful volcanic lakes are formed.

4. PROJECT: “INDUCTION COIL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION”.

YOU WILL NEED: strong rectangular magnet, 1.5 meters of copper wire without winding, compass, glass, 4 fastening wires, ruler, scissors.

In this project, you will get acquainted with electromagnetic induction, a phenomenon that is considered one of the most important scientific discoveries of the 19th century. The English physicist Michael Faraday discovered not only the appearance of magnetic properties under the action of electricity, but also the appearance of electrical properties under the action of a magnet.

SCHEME OF WORK:

1. Wind the copper wire around the glass, leaving 45 cm of wire on each side. You should get a thick dense skein - a coil.
2. Remove the coil from the glass and secure it with four pieces of bonding wire. The coil should be thick and dense.
3. Get your compass ready.
4. Wind the compass with the ends of the wire coming from the reel. Both ends must be wound in the same direction, while the ends must be connected.
5. Take the coil in one hand and the magnet in the other. Slowly insert the magnet into the middle of the coil and pull it out. Follow the compass needle.

RESULT: The compass needle twitches when the magnet moves.

EXPLANATION: When the magnet moves, an electromagnetic field is created, which is transmitted through the wire and acts on the compass needle.

REPORT PREPARATION TIP: Show the finished model at the exhibition, take photographs showing all the stages of work. Take photographs or drawings of devices that use the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. Write a short biography of Michael Faraday and talk about his scientific discoveries.

DO YOU KNOW? The electric field and the magnetic field affect each other and pass one into the other, so there are concepts of electromagnetic field and electromagnetic induction. These phenomena are used in electric current generators and transformers.

5. PROJECT: “REGULATING THE ELECTRIC CURRENT”.

YOU WILL NEED: soft pencil (3M), 6 volt battery, small 6 volt light bulb, 2 paper clips, 3 buttons, insulating tape, 2 meters of copper wire in the winding, 2 wooden blocks measuring 5x15x1.25 cm.

In this project, you will make a model of a rheostat - a device that regulates the current in an electrical circuit by changing the resistance. It is known that the larger the area of ​​a poorly conducting material is included in the electrical circuit, the lower the current will be. The action of the rheostat is based on a smooth change in the length of this section.

PART 1. PREPARING THE MEASURING LIGHT.

SCHEME OF WORK:

1. Straighten the paper clips and bend the ends so that one of them can be attached to the light bulb.
2. Bend the other end of each paperclip so that it can be secured with a button.
3. Prepare the third button. It should not be topped with paint or plastic.
4. Cut two 30 cm pieces of wire and remove the winding at the ends (5 cm each).
5. With the cleaned end of one of the wires, wind the third button four times and fix it in the center of the board.
6. Fasten the paper clips with two buttons so that there is a place for a light bulb above the center button.
7. Connect one of the two extreme buttons to one stripped end of the second wire.
8. Insert the bulb into the loops of the paper clips above the center button. The base of the bulb must always touch the center button. If necessary, adjust the loops of the staples.

PART 2. RHEOSTAT ASSEMBLY.

SCHEME OF WORK:

1. Ask an adult to help split the pencil to expose the graphite rod.
2. Tape the pencil, tip up, to the second piece of wood.
3. Cut the remaining piece of wire into three approximately equal pieces. Clean the winding at the ends of the wires.
4. Connect the wires to the battery, measuring system and the end of the graphite rod as shown. One end of the wire will remain free.
5. Slowly move the free end of the wire along the graphite rod. Follow the light bulb.

RESULT: The closer you bring the wire to the place of attachment of the second wire, the brighter the light bulb burns. The brightness of the light bulb changes gradually.

EXPLANATION: Graphite is a poor conductor of current, meaning it has a lot of resistance. The longer the rod included in the electrical circuit, the weaker the current.

REPORT PREPARATION TIP: Take photographs showing all the stages of work, and show the finished model at the exhibition. Explain how a rheostat works. Write about devices that use rheostats.

DO YOU KNOW? Rheostats are used to gradually turn off the light, for example, before the start of a performance in the theater. Sometimes such rheostats are available at home. Rheostats are found in a variety of household appliances. They allow you to smoothly respond to the volume of the TV or player. Rheostats are also found in many toys powered by batteries.

• Kulkov Alexey Vladimirovich, master, student
• Smolensk State University, Smolensk
• Ponasova Daria Sergeevna, bachelor, teacher
• MBOU "Secondary School No. 3", Safonovo

• RESEARCH PROJECT
• PHYSICS
• INDIVIDUAL FINAL PROJECT

The paper considers examples of topics of research individual final projects in physics of the basic school. Methodological recommendations on the implementation of some of the proposed topics are also given.

• The necessity and methods of teaching astronomical material in the school course of physics
• Practical work on astronomy "Filling in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram"
• Using interactive programs to prepare students in grades 10-11 for physics olympiads
• Implementation of regression analysis in various computer programs

Individual final is (IIP) a special form of organization of students' activities and is the main object of evaluation of meta-subject results obtained by students in the course of mastering interdisciplinary curricula. The implementation of an individual final project is mandatory in the context of the implementation of the Federal Educational Standard. There are several types of IIP that students can choose from:

• practice-oriented, social;
• research;
• informational;
• creative;
• game or role play.

The most interesting and useful for students in acquiring research skills is a research project. A research project requires proof or refutation of a hypothesis. This type of project contributes to the preparation of students for research activities in a higher educational institution.

The paper proposes a classification of topics for a research project in physics for the main school, as well as brief examples and guidelines for the implementation of a research project in physics on some of the proposed topics.

Analyzing the content of the subject "Physics" in the basic school, it can be noted that the studied volume of material and its presentation allows students to carry out research work in physics. Research work can be connected both with theoretical and practical calculations of physical quantities, and with the design of physical devices, mechanisms and installations. Based on this, it is possible to specify the types of research work in physics by indicating the types of research projects. Table 1 "Research IIP" suggests the types and topics of research projects in physics.

Table 1. Research SMPS

No. p / p	Type of research project	Themes
	A project to answer the question What happens if… »	the force of friction disappears
		the atmosphere will disappear
		build a building 3000 m high
		Compress the earth at the poles by 10%
		the mass of the earth will double
		The mass of the moon will increase by 50%
		gravity stops working
		Pascal's law ceases to apply
	Study of physical phenomena	Studying the phenomenon of free fall
		Exploring the properties of the rainbow
		Bycatch and tide studies
	Study of the properties of physical bodies	The study of the temperature of the cooling liquid over time in various conditions
		Study of the elastic force of various metals
		The study of the force of friction between different surfaces
		Studying the thermal properties of lead
		Studying the thermal properties of water
		The study of the electrical properties of water
	Study of dependencies between the properties of a body (substance)	Study of the dependence of the resistance of a metal on its temperature
		Study of the dependence of water resistance on temperature
		Investigation of the dependence of air resistance on the mass of a falling body
		The dependence of the mass of the planet on its distance from the Sun
	Calculation and methods for calculating physical quantities	Calculation of the density of the planets of the solar system
		Ways to measure distance
		Ways to find strength
	Study of the relationship of physics with other sciences and technology	Physics in literary works
		Friction in nature and technology
		Simple mechanisms in wildlife
		Simple mechanisms in engineering
		Jet propulsion in wildlife
	Design of physical instruments and devices	Construction of the Kepler tube
		Construction of the Galileo tube
		Steam turbine model
		Transformer box model
		Construction of Newton's pendulum

Project to answer the question "What happens if…" implies the calculation of the characteristics of bodies and phenomena in new, changed conditions. So when choosing the topic “What will happen if the Earth is compressed at the poles by 10%”, you can find such characteristics of a new planet as the average density, free fall acceleration at the poles and the equator, volume. You can also consider and explain the physical phenomena that will occur here.

Projects « Research of physical phenomena» in most cases, they imply theoretical calculations of the characteristics of phenomena and processes. In the topic “Studying the phenomenon of free fall”, you can provide data from theoretical calculations of the acceleration of free fall at various points on the globe (at the pole, at the equator, at the lowest and highest places on Earth) and draw a conclusion about the difference in gravity on Earth.

Project "Investigation of the properties of physical bodies" associated with the design of an experimental setup and the measurement of physical quantities with its help. Consider the topic "Study of the electrical properties of water." As part of the implementation of this project, it is possible to measure the resistance of various waters (tap, rain, bottled, etc.) and draw a conclusion about its benefits (or harm) to the human body from the point of view of physics. To measure resistance, it is necessary to prepare an installation that will allow you to measure the resistance of a liquid. Figure 1 "Experimental setup for determining the resistance of a liquid" shows a possible example of such a setup.

Figure 1. Experimental setup for determining the resistance of a liquid

The idea of ​​determining the resistance of a liquid is based on the application of Ohm's law. Two conductors are lowered into different edges of a vessel with water, which are connected in series with an ammeter and a current source. A voltmeter is connected in parallel to the vessel. Thus, knowing the strength of the current in the circuit and the voltage at the ends of the circuit (the points of the end of the circuit are equivalent to the points on the conductors that fall into the vessel with water), according to Ohm's law I \u003d U / R, the water resistance is calculated. If each type of water is poured to the same level, and the conductors are lowered into the water to the same depth, then the dimensions of the liquid conductor (water) remain unchanged.

Let's consider one more example. When choosing the topic "Study of the thermal properties of lead", one can practically calculate such thermal characteristics as specific heat capacity, specific heat of fusion, melting temperature. If the method of determining the specific heat capacity is classical and laboratory work in the course of physics is devoted to it, then a number of questions arise with the determination of the specific heat of fusion. First, it is required to determine the amount of heat that is given to lead for its melting. This can be done in the following way: the amount of heat that is necessary for the complete melting of lead can be considered equal to the heat (in J) that is released by the soldering iron with which this lead is melted. And the soldering iron gives off the amount of heat, which is approximately equal to the work of the electric current, the characteristics of which are written on the soldering iron. Thus, the specific heat of fusion of lead can be found.

At the study of dependencies between the properties of the body (or substances), it would be advisable to plot the relationship between these properties, as well as to identify the mathematical form of this relationship. To do this, you can use the spreadsheet editor Microsoft Office Excel. This program allows you to build a graph on a graph with marked experimental values ​​that best describes these points. To do this, a trend line with the corresponding equation is added to the chart. Figure 2 "Dependence in Excel" shows a graph of the dependence of the temperature of the cooling water on the time during which the cooling took place.

Figure 2. Dependency in Excel

The study of dependencies between characteristics allows students to gain skills in processing real data.

The purpose of the research project " Calculation and methods for calculating physical quantities » - calculate or provide methods for calculating various physical quantities. For example, when choosing the topic “Calculation of the density of planets in the solar system”, you can offer a method for calculating the density of planets, which is based on using the definition of density ( ρ= m/ V) and the assumption of the spherical shape of the planets (this assumption allows you to find the volume of the planet, as the volume of the ball according to the known value of the average radius).

Thus, it is possible to divide the final research project in physics into several types. When choosing a specific type and, accordingly, a topic, one should pay attention not only to the interest in the topic, but also take into account one's individual abilities. So, for example, with pronounced technical abilities, one should choose topics related to the design of physical instruments and devices. If the student has good logical thinking and likes to experiment, then you can stop at the type of research project "What will happen if ...".

Bibliography

1. Kuznetsova E.V. FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL STANDARD AND INDIVIDUAL EDUCATIONAL PROJECT // Modern science-intensive technologies. - 2015. - No. 12-1. - S. 103-107; URL: https://www.top-technologies.ru/ru/article/view?id=35218 (date of access: 01/15/2018).
2. Kulkov A.V.) - 2017. 01.2018).

"Heat and cold are the two hands of nature, with which she does almost everything."

Francis Bacon

Academic subject (disciplines close to the topic): physics - the topic “Thermal phenomena”, integration with geography, biology, history, astronomy.

Age of students: 8th grade.

Project type: role-playing, search.

The purpose of the project: the formation of competence in the field of independent cognitive activity:

• ability to work independently with large volumes of information,
• ability to see the problem and identify ways to solve it,
• group work skills.

Fundamental question: Are the “ + " and " - ” ? (Do high and low temperatures have a limit?)

Let's ask historians, geographers, biologists, experimenters, astronomers, physicists.

Project products: eight presentations made in the Power Point program (the works are linked by hyperlinks to the general presentation made by the teacher); collection of thermometers; entertaining demonstration experiments.

The first group of historians

The creative title of the work is “The progenitor of modern thermometers”.

Problematic question: what is the history of the creation of the first device for measuring temperature - a thermoscope?

Task: to recreate a thermoscope, to demonstrate its operation.

Ancient scientists judged temperature by direct sensation. Only in 1592, Galileo Galilei designed a device for measuring temperature - a thermoscope. Thermoscope - from the Greek words: "thermo" - heat "skopeo" - I look. The thermoscope consisted of a glass sphere with a glass tube soldered to it and a glass of water.

Let's try to create a thermoscope: we heat a glass flask, turn it over, lower it into a glass of water with an open end. The thermoscope is ready. By the height of the water column in the neck of the flask, one can judge the temperature changes: when the air in the flask is cooled, the water column rises, and when heated, it falls.

• The thermoscope is 415 years old, but it works
• With a thermoscope, you can see the change in temperature, but you can't measure it.
• Readings depend on atmospheric pressure
• The instrument does not have a scale.

The entire subsequent history of the creation of the thermometer is the history of the improvement of the thermoscope. The air was replaced with colored alcohol, and later with mercury. Having evacuated the air from the tube and soldered the open end, the influence of atmospheric pressure was excluded. But the main improvement was the creation of a scale.

The second group of historians

Creative title of the work: “Different scales are needed, all kinds of scales are important”

Problematic question: What are the scales for measuring temperature, and what is the history of their creation?

Fahrenheit Gabriel Daniel (1686–1736), German physicist and glass blower. Worked in the UK and the Netherlands. He made alcohol (1709) and mercury (1714) thermometers. He proposed the temperature scale that bears his name - the Fahrenheit scale - this is a temperature scale, 1 degree of which (1 ° F) is equal to 1/180 of the difference between the temperatures of boiling water and melting ice at atmospheric pressure. For one of the reference points of his scale (0 °F), Fahrenheit took the lowest temperature he could get - the temperature of a mixture of water, ice, ammonia and salt. He chose the temperature of the mixture of water and ice as the second point. And he divided the distance between them into 32 parts. The temperature of the human body on his scale corresponded to 96 ° F, the boiling point of water is 212 ° F. The Fahrenheit scale is still used in England and the USA.

Reaumur René Antoine (1683-1757), French naturalist, zoologist, foreign honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1730, he proposed a temperature scale that bears his name - the Réaumur scale - this is a temperature scale, one degree of which is equal to 1/80 of the difference between the temperatures of boiling water and melting ice at atmospheric pressure, i.e. 1 ° R \u003d 5/4 ° С . The Réaumur scale has practically fallen into disuse.

Celsius Anders (1701-1744), Swedish astronomer and physicist. In 1742, he proposed a temperature scale - the Celsius scale - this is a temperature scale in which 1 degree is equal to 1/100 of the difference between the temperatures of boiling water and melting ice at atmospheric pressure, but Celsius took boiling water as zero, and melting ice as 100 degrees.

The famous Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus used a thermometer with rearranged constant point values. For 0 0 he took the melting point of ice, and for 100 0 the boiling point of water. Thus, the modern Celsius scale is essentially the Linnaean scale.

Appendix 1

Technician Group

Creative title of the work: “Modern appliances”

Problematic question: Are there thermometers without liquid?

Task: collect a collection of thermometers for various purposes.

Liquid thermometer, a temperature measuring instrument based on the thermal expansion of a liquid. Depending on the temperature field of application, liquid thermometers are filled with ethyl alcohol (from -80 to +100 °C) or mercury (from -35 to +750 °C). Initially, thermometers were used only for meteorological observations. Later, they began to be used to measure the air temperature in residential premises, in medicine, in chemical research, etc.

Currently, thermometers are used, the operation of which is based on other physical phenomena. This made it possible to increase the accuracy of measurements and expand the scope of the instruments.

An electronic thermometer is more accurate than a conventional indoor or outdoor thermometer. It shows the temperature in the room and on the street with an accuracy of tenths.

Resistance thermometer - a device for measuring temperature, the action of which is based on the change in the electrical resistance of metals and semiconductors with temperature.

Gas thermometer, a device for measuring temperature, the operation of which is based on the dependence of pressure or volume of gas on temperature. A cylinder filled with helium, nitrogen or hydrogen, connected by means of a capillary to a manometer, is placed in a medium whose temperature is measured.

A group of experimenters

Creative title of the work: “Experience - criterion of truth.

Problematic question: what temperatures can be obtained in the laboratory?

Task: conduct experiments with water in a school laboratory, get the highest and lowest temperatures. Film the course of experiments on a digital camera, arrange the results in the form of a presentation. Deliver entertaining demonstration experiments.

A study of the boiling of water showed that 100 0 C is the boiling point of pure water at normal atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg). The boiling point increased with an increase in external pressure, so at atmospheric pressure above normal, the boiling point of pure water was 101 0 C, and at atmospheric pressure below normal - 96 0 C. However, adding salt to the water increased the boiling point to 108 0 C.

To the question - is it possible to boil water with boiling water - the answer was received - no. An experiment was set up and carried out on boiling water with snow.

The temperature of the mixture of snow and salt was minus 18 0 C. The experiment “Freezing an aluminum cup to the table” was carried out.

group of biologists

Creative title of the work: “Biology in the world of temperatures”

Problematic question: What are the features of a medical thermometer and what is it connected with? What are the temperatures of living beings?

Task: Interview the school doctor:

• How does a person feel at a temperature of 34 0 C and 42 0 C?
• When does it happen?
• How to help a person in such circumstances

This is interesting: in the 19th century, the English physicists Blagden and Chantry conducted experiments on themselves to determine the highest air temperature that a person can withstand. They spent whole hours in the heated oven of the bakery. It turned out that with gradual heating in dry air, a person is able to withstand not only the boiling point of water, but also much higher - 160 0 C.

Body temperatures of some animals: horse body temperature 38 0 C, cow body temperature 38.5 0 C, duck body temperature 41.5 0 C.

The body temperature of a living organism allows you to judge its condition and start treatment in case of a disease.

Appendix 2 is a presentation on this topic, made in the Power Point program.

Group of geographers

Creative title of the work: “Geography of temperatures”.

Problematic question: Where is the coldest and hottest place on Earth?

Task: Consider the planet Earth in terms of temperature.

The earth's crust is replaced by a mantle. Its thickness is about 3000 km, and the temperature is approximately equal to 2000 - 2500 °C. The mantle consists of red-hot rocks, which in some of its parts begin to melt to a semi-liquid state. Molten rocks from the mantle erupt to the surface in the form of lava during volcanic eruptions. At a depth of 10 km, the temperature reaches 180 0 C.

The coldest continent is Antarctica, and the hottest is Africa, so in Tripoli a temperature of +58 0 C was recorded. This is 1.30 higher than the maximum temperature of Death Valley.

Antarctica is the world's largest cold desert with an area of ​​14 million square meters. km. It is covered by 90% of all land ice. The maximum ice thickness is 4800 m. About 70% of the world's fresh water reserves are concentrated in glaciers. This most isolated continent has no indigenous population. No one has lived here for more than 18 months. The air temperature at the earth's surface -88.3 0 C was observed in August 1960. at the Soviet Antarctic station "Vostok" in 1922. Judging by the climatic map of Russia, in the Krasnodar Territory the air temperature in summer reaches +43 0 С, and in Yakutia in Oymyakon the temperature drops to -77 0 С in winter.

group of astronomers

Creative title of the work: “Ice and fire of space”.

Problem question: What are the temperatures of space objects?

Cosmos (Greek kosmos), a synonym for the astronomical definition of the Universe; often distinguish near space, explored with the help of artificial Earth satellites, spacecraft and interplanetary stations, and deep space - the world of stars and galaxies.

The temperature on the surface of the moon, in its illuminated part, is +17 0 С, and in the shadow the temperature is 130 0 С.

For artificial satellites and spacecraft, the overheating of which occurs mainly due to radiation, a sharp change in skin temperature is characteristic - while passing through the Earth's shadow, it drops to -100 0 С, and when leaving the shadow, it rises to + 120 0 С. To maintain in the cabin of the astronauts a constant temperature (from 10 0 to 22 0 C), the double shell of the ship is filled with gas - nitrogen.

On the surface of the sun, the temperature reaches 6 thousand degrees. In the bowels of the sun, the temperature, according to calculations, is about 15 million degrees. The temperature of the spots is about 3700 degrees.

As the planet closest to the Sun, Mercury receives 10 times more energy from the central star than the Earth. The long duration of day and night leads to the fact that the temperatures on the “day” and “night” sides of the surface of Mercury can vary from about 320 0 С to -120 0 With. But already at a depth of several tens of centimeters, there are no significant temperature fluctuations, which is a consequence of the very low thermal conductivity of the rocks. The temperature on the surface of Venus (at the level of the average radius of the planet) is about 500 0 C, which is more than on Mercury, because Venus has a dense atmosphere that retains heat. Harsh and temperature conditions on Mars. Near noon at the equator, the temperature reaches 10 0 -30 0 C. By evening, it drops to -60 0 C and even to -100 0 C. The average temperature on Mars is -70 0 C, on Jupiter -130 0 C, on Saturn - 170 0 C, on Uranus -190 0 C, on Neptune -200 0 C. The temperature on the planet Pluto, to which the light from the Sun takes more than five hours, is low - its average value is about -230 0 C.

The temperatures of most stars are between 3,000 and 30,000 degrees. Hot, bluish stars have a temperature of about 30,000 degrees. Many stars have temperatures around 100,000 degrees. In cold - red stars - the surface layers are heated to about 2 - 3 thousand degrees. But in the center of the stars, the temperature reaches more than ten million degrees.

Annex 3- presentation on this topic, made in the program Power Point.

Group of Theoretical Physicists

The creative title of the work: “Striving for the absolute”.

Problem questions: What is absolute zero temperature? Can we reach it? What is cryotechnology?

What do we know about temperature theoretically? Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the movement of molecules.

What happens if the speed of the molecules is reduced? The temperature will decrease.

Absolute zero temperature is the temperature at which the thermal motion of molecules stops. The absolute zero of temperature, the origin of the temperature reading on the thermodynamic temperature scale - the Kelvin scale. Absolute zero is 273.16°C below the freezing point of water, which is assumed to be 0°C.

Temperatures of some liquid gases: oxygen minus 183 0 С, nitrogen minus 196 0 С, hydrogen minus 253 0 С, helium minus 269 0 С.

The physics of ultralow temperatures is called cryogenic physics. The main problems solved by cryogenic physics are: liquefaction of gases (nitrogen, oxygen, helium, etc.), their storage and transportation in a liquid state; design of refrigeration machines that create and maintain temperatures below 120 K (-1530 C); cooling to cryogenic temperatures of electrical devices, electronic devices, biological objects; development of apparatus and equipment for scientific research at cryogenic temperatures.

The use of cryogenic temperatures in a number of areas of science and technology has led to the emergence of entire independent areas, such as cryoelectronics and cryobiology.

Can we reach absolute zero?

American researchers worked with sodium vapor, the temperature of which was only millionths of a degree above absolute zero. To reach the absolute zero temperature (-273.16 0 C), according to the laws of physics, is impossible.

So, we have found a limit only to low temperatures.

Appendix 4 is a presentation on this topic, made in the Power Point program.

The project ends with an answer to the fundamental question and a discussion of the following questions:

• What have you learned?
• What difficulties did you face?
• Did you study him?
• What will you need next?

Literature

1. Gorev L.A. Entertaining experiments in physics.- M.: Enlightenment, 1987
2. Kirillova I. G. A book for reading in physics. - M .: Education, 1996
3. Koltun M. The world of physics. - M .: Children's literature, 1995
4. Wright M. What, how and why? The amazing world of technology. - M .: Astel AST, 2001
5. Semke A.I. Entertaining materials for physics lessons Grade 8. - M.: NTs ENAS, 2006

Class: 7

We propose to organize project activities, highlighting the following stages.

Stage 1 - motivational

- “Brainstorming” (formulation of research topics for students).

Formation of groups for conducting research, putting forward hypotheses for solving problems.

Choosing a creative name for the project (shared with students).

Discussion of the work plan of students individually or in a group.

Stage 2 - training - training

Laboratory work “Measurement of body weight on a balance scale”

The purpose of the work is to learn how to use lever scales.

Stage 3 - research

Consider problematic issues, put forward hypotheses. conduct experiments

draw conclusions

They design their research using ICT, while acquiring new skills and abilities when working with digital technology.

Stage 4 - generalizing

Students defend their projects, a general conclusion is made.

Goals and objectives:

1. Organize research work with students on the topic “Body weight”.

2. Formation of research skills (put forward a hypothesis, test it, draw a conclusion based on the results of the test, evaluate the significance of the results)

3. Introduce students to the software

4. Develop the skills of collective and independent work.

5.. Development of cognitive interests among students.

1. To form in students an idea of ​​the concept of “body weight”, “unit of mass”;

2. Teach students to weigh physical bodies using scales.

3. Learn to confirm or refute the put forward hypotheses through a physical experiment.

4. Develop the ability to process and summarize the information obtained as a result of experiments and experiments.

5. Develop skills to use the result obtained in further activities.

Teacher's page:

Physics project.

Fundamental question

Why is experience the criterion of truth?

Problematic issues of the educational topic

1. How can you be sure that mass is a fairly constant property of bodies?

2. What factors can influence the change in body weight?

3. Are there bodies whose mass is zero?

Private questions

2. How to measure body weight?

4. What is the mass of the same body in a moving car?

5. What is the mass of the same body if you change its state of aggregation? (shape)

6. What is the relationship between volume and body weight?

Student page:

Independent research of students:

• Experimental evidence of the constancy of body mass.
• Set the dependence of m-du mass and volume for a solid body.
• Set the dependence of m-du mass and volume for a liquid body.
• Are there bodies whose mass is zero?

RESULTS VERIFICATION CRITERIA:

“5” students fully formed the concept of mass as a physical quantity characterizing its inertia. We learned how to use lever scales and use them to determine body weight. The hypothesis was correctly put forward, the planned experiments were carried out, the complete data was collected without errors, the conclusion was correctly drawn. The report on the work was done creatively using ICT.

“4” - students fully formed the concept of mass as a physical quantity characterizing its inertness. We learned how to use lever scales and use them to determine body weight. A hypothesis was correctly put forward, planned experiments were carried out, complete data were collected containing no more than one minor error, and a conclusion was drawn correctly. The work report was made using ICT.

“3”- students have not fully formed the concept of mass as a physical quantity characterizing its inertia. We learned how to use lever scales and use them to determine body weight. The hypothesis was correctly put forward, the planned experiments were not carried out in full, the collected data contain no more than two minor errors, the conclusion was correctly made with the help of the teacher. The work report was made using ICT.

“2” - students have not formed the concept of mass as a physical quantity characterizing its inertness. We learned how to use lever scales and use them to determine body weight. The hypothesis was correctly put forward, the planned experiments were not carried out, the data were not collected, there are no conclusions.

Results:

Experimental evidence of the constancy of body mass. ( Video)

Set the dependence of m-du mass and volume for a solid body. ( Presentation)

Set the dependence of m-du mass and volume for a liquid body. ( presentation)

Are there bodies whose mass is zero? ( Video )

1. Physics 7th class. ed. Peryshkin A.V.

2. Internet

3. Encyclopedia of physics

4. Schoolchildren's handbook author I.G. Vlasov

5.Multimedia encyclopedia .

Grade 7.1. Kovaleva Lena; 2.Bozhenkova Olya; 3.Lyamkin Witt; 4. Ilya Dementiev

Business card:

2. City (village), district 3. School number and name		Kovaleva Albina Vasilievna Istok village, Sukhobuzimsky district Kononovskaya secondary school
The subject within which the project is being developed (training session)
Age of students (grade)
7th grade - 13 years old
How points of the thematic plan of the school subject corresponds to the project being developed (training session)
Mass and density.
Problem areas that arise when studying this topic
1. The guys remember the mass as a measure of the amount of matter, and not as a measure of inertia. 2. They are good at making hypotheses, but they are not able to conduct experiments to prove or disprove them. (poor research skills)
Project ideas that can be used to solve one of the selected problems.
1. Organize the activities of students so that they do not confuse the mass as a measure of inert properties with the amount of matter, through experiments. 2. Show a sample of research, include in the research project, advise students during the project.
Justification of the choice of one of the project ideas through an analysis of the real situation in which the developed project is to be implemented (training session).
Students enjoy active learning activities. They have poor research skills.
Theme of the project (training session)
Body mass. Measurement of body weight. “If the mass is large, life is not easy for the body”?
The goals of the project (training session) and tasks to achieve the set goals
1. To study the mass of a body as a physical quantity characterizing its inertia. 2. Learn to determine the mass of bodies using a balance scale. 3. Conduct research proving that mass is a constant property of the body. 4. Conduct research to establish the relationship between body mass and volume. 5. Introduce students to the software Power Paint, Movie Maker, Word, Publisher, Excel. 6. Learn to independently acquire and use new knowledge and skills. 1. To form in students an idea of ​​the concept of “body weight”, “unit of mass”; 2. Teach students to weigh physical bodies using scales. 3. Learn to confirm or refute the hypotheses put forward by means of physical experiment. 4. Use software to process and summarize the resulting conducting experiments and experiments information. 5. Develop skills to use the result obtained in further activities
Planned end result
Creative report.
List of criteria for checking the achievement of planned results
“5” students fully formed the concept of mass as a physical quantity characterizing its inertia. We learned how to use lever scales and use them to determine body weight. The hypothesis was correctly put forward, the planned experiments were carried out, the complete data was collected without errors, the conclusion was correctly drawn. The report on the work was done creatively using ICT. “4” - students fully formed the concept of mass as a physical quantity characterizing its inertness. We learned how to use lever scales and use them to determine body weight. A hypothesis was correctly put forward, planned experiments were carried out, complete data were collected containing no more than one minor error, and a conclusion was drawn correctly. The work report was made using ICT. “3” - students have not fully formed the concept of mass as a physical quantity characterizing its inertness. We learned how to use lever scales and use them to determine body weight. The hypothesis was correctly put forward, the planned experiments were not carried out in full, the collected data contain no more than two minor errors, the conclusion was correctly made with the help of the teacher. The work report was made using ICT. “2” - students have not formed the concept of mass as a physical quantity characterizing its inertness. We learned how to use lever scales and use them to determine body weight. The hypothesis is correctly put forward, the planned experiments were not carried out, the data were not collected, there are no conclusions
Project implementation time (training session)
Resources required (human and technical)
Technical equipment (tick as appropriate)
Webcam	CD player		Video camera
Computer(s)			Video recorder
Digital camera			projection system
DVD player	TV set
Internet access	Video, conference equipment
Software (tick as appropriate)
DBMS/spreadsheets		Image processing programs
Publishing programs		Web browser
Email programs		Multimedia programs
Multimedia encyclopedias		Website development programs
Word processors
Performers
7th grade students.
The triad of questions you pose to students
The fundamental question - Why is experience the criterion of truth? Problematic issues of the educational topic: 1. How can you be sure that mass is a fairly constant property of bodies? 2. What factors can influence the change in body weight? 3. Are there bodies whose mass is zero? Private questions: 1. A measure of what property of a body is mass? 2. How to measure body weight? 3. What is the mass of a body in space? 4. What is the mass of the same body in a moving car? 5. What is the mass of the same body if you change its state of aggregation? (shape) 6. What is the relationship between volume and body weight? 7. What is the ratio of these quantities? 8. What is the name of this value?

Below research topics in physics are exemplary, they can be taken as a basis, supplemented, expanded and changed at your own discretion, depending on your own interesting ideas and hobbies. An entertaining research topic will help the student deepen his knowledge of the subject and plunge into the world of physics.

• 
  Topics for research projects in physics Grade 5
• 
  Topics for research projects in physics Grade 6
• 
  Topics for research projects in physics Grade 7

Any physics project topics on fgos, you can choose from the list of listed topics for any class of a general education school and section of physics. In the future, the leader conducts consultations to more accurately determine the topic of the project. This will help the student concentrate on the most important aspects of the study.

On the page, you can follow the links to interesting topics of projects in physics for 5th grade, 6th grade, 7th grade, 8th grade, 9th grade, 10th and 11th grade and high school topics on light, optics, light phenomena and electricity, on the topics of projects on nuclear physics and radiation.

• 
  Topics for research projects in physics Grade 8
• 
  Topics for research projects in physics Grade 9
• 
  Topics for research projects in physics Grade 10
• 
  Topics for research projects in physics Grade 11

The presented topics of research papers in physics for grades 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 will be of interest to students who are fond of the biography of physicists, like to conduct experiments, solder, are not indifferent to mechanics, electronics and other branches of physics. The acquired skills will not only become the basis for subsequent research activities, but will also be useful in everyday life. To these sections of the topics of design work in physics, you can go to the links below.

Topics of research papers on light, optics, electricity, nuclear physics

• 
  Interesting research topics in physics
• 
  Topics of research papers on light and optics
• 
  Research topics on electricity
• 
  Research topics in nuclear physics
• 
  Topics for research papers in astronomy

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In addition to the above sections with topics of design work in physics, we recommend that schoolchildren look at general and rather relevant and interesting physics project topics listed below on this page of our website. The proposed topics are general and can be used at different educational levels.

Physics project topics (general topics)

HELL. Sakharov is an outstanding scientist and human rights activist of our time.

Aviation models of free flight.
Autogyros
Aggregate states of matter.
Actual problems of atmospheric physics.
Acoustic noise and its impact on the human body.
Alferov Zhores Ivanovich
Albert Einstein is a paradoxical genius and "eternal child".
Microassembly failure analysis.
Andron collider: the myth of the origin of the universe.
Anisotropy of crystals
Anisotropy of physical properties of single crystals.
Anomalous properties of water
antique mechanics
Aristotle is the greatest scientist of antiquity.
Blood pressure
Archimedes is the greatest ancient Greek mathematician, physicist and engineer.
Aspects of the influence of music and sounds on the human body.
Atmospheric pressure is a man's helper.
Atmospheric pressure in human life.
Aerodynamics in the service of mankind
Aerodynamics of paper strips, or "And yet it spins!"
Wind tunnels.
ballistic movement.
Bathysphere
bioluminescence
Biomechanics of the cat.
Human biomechanics
Biomechanical principles in technology.
Bionics. A technical view of wildlife.
Biosuit for flight to other planets.
Human biophysics
Biophysics. Vibrations and sounds
Boomerang
In heaven, on earth and at sea. (Physics of amazing natural phenomena).
In pursuit of the Carnot cycle.
What is the secret of the thermos.
V.G. Shukhov is a great Russian engineer.
VK. X-ray - discoveries, life path.
Vacuum at the service of man
Vacuum. Energy of physical vacuum.
Introduction to the physics of black holes.
Vertical flight
Wind as an example of convection in nature.
Wind at the service of man
Mutual transformations of liquids and gases. Phase transitions.
Relationship between polar lights and human health.
Air weighing
Types of water pollution and methods of purification based on physical phenomena.
Types of car fuel.
Types of noise pollution and their impact on living organisms.
Visualization of sound vibrations in a Rubens tube.
Virtual laboratory work at physics lessons.
Vortex formations.

Research topics in physics (continued)

The contribution of Blaise Pascal to the creation of methods for studying the surrounding world.

Contribution of M.V. Lomonosov in the development of physical science.
Air humidity and its impact on human life.
Air humidity and its impact on human health.
Humidity. Determination of the oxygen content in the air.
Influence of external sound irritants on the structure of water.
The effect of loud sound and noise on the human body.
Effect of sound on living organisms
Effect of sound on sand. Figures of Chladni.
Influence of sounds, noises on the human body.
The effect of radiation from a cell phone on the human body.
The impact of changes in atmospheric pressure on the attendance and academic performance of students in our school.
Effect of weightlessness on the vital activity of organisms.
Influence of water quality on the properties of soap bubbles.
Influence of laser radiation on the germination of pea seeds.
Influence of magnetic and electrostatic fields on the rate and degree of germination of seeds of cultivated plants.
Influence of a magnetic field on the germination of seeds of grain crops.
Influence of the magnetic field on the growth of crystals.
Effect of magnetic activation on the properties of water.
The impact of magnetic storms on human health
The influence of mechanical work on the student's body.
The effect of headphones on human hearing
Influence of footwear on the musculoskeletal system.
The influence of weather on the human body
Influence of high-speed overloads on the human body.
The impact of cell phones on human health.
Effect of temperature on liquids, gases and solids.
Influence of ambient temperature on the change of snow patterns on window glass.
Influence of torsion fields on human activity.
The impact of noise on the body of students.
Water is a familiar and unusual substance.
Water in three states of aggregation.
Water and magnifying glass
Water extravaganza: fountains
Hydrogen is a source of energy.
water clock
The air that surrounds us. Air experiments.
Aeronautics
Magic snowflakes
Soap bubble magic.
Rotational motion of rigid bodies.
Harmful and beneficial friction
Time and its measurement
Is it always possible to believe your eyes, or what is an illusion.
Growing and studying the physical properties of copper sulfate crystals.
Growing CuSo4 and NaCl crystals, studying their physical properties.
Growing crystals at home.

Growing crystals of table salt and sugar at home by cooling.
High-speed transport driven and controlled by the force of the electromagnetic field.
Pressure in liquids and gases.
Solid body pressure
Gifts of Prometheus
Internal combustion engine.
Stirling engine - the technology of the future.
Movement in the field of gravity.
air movement
Denis Gabor
James Clerk Maxwell
Space flight dynamics
Dynamic fatigue of polymers.
Diffusion in home experiments
Diffusion in nature
Diffusion and jewelry
Milking machine "Volga"
Units of measurement of physical quantities.
Her majesty spring.
High capacity railway tank car.
Women are Nobel Prize winners in physics.
Live seismographs
liquid crystals
Life and achievements of B. Pascal
The Life and Inventions of John Baird
Life and creative activity of M.V. Lomonosov.
The life and work of Lev Nikolaevich Termen.
Life and works of A.F. Ioffe
The dependence of the boiling time of water on its quality.
Dependence of the coefficient of surface tension of engine oil on temperature.
The dependence of the surface tension coefficient of the soap solution on temperature.
Dependence of water evaporation rate on surface area and on wind.
The dependence of the resistance of the human body on the state of the skin.
Riddles of the boiling liquid
Mysteries of non-Newtonian fluid.
Mysteries of the ozone holes
Mysterious Möbius strip.
Law of Archimedes. Swimming tel.
Pascal's law and its application
The importance of the steam engine in human life.
Igor Yakovlevich Stechkin
From the history of aircraft
Production of a working model of a steam turbine.
Measurement of large distances. Triangulation.
Measurement of air humidity and devices for its correction.

Fluid Viscosity Measurement

Measurement of the density of solids in various ways.
Temperature measurement in physics lessons
Measurement of gravitational acceleration
Heron's inventions in the field of hydrodynamics
Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci brought to life.
The study of sound vibrations on the example of musical instruments.
The study of free mechanical oscillations on the example of mathematical and spring pendulums.
Study of the properties of permanent magnets.
The study of surface tension forces with the help of soap bubbles and anti-bubbles.
The study of surface tension forces with the help of soap bubbles.
Ilya Usyskin - aborted flight
Inertia is the cause of traffic violations.
Isaac Newton
Evaporation in nature and technology.
Evaporation and moisture in the life of living beings.
Evaporation and condensation in nature
The use of thermal energy of a candle in domestic conditions.
Study of atmospheric phenomena.
Investigation of the motion of liquid drops in a viscous medium.
Investigation of circular motion
Investigation of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a body on a spring on the mass of the body.
Study of surface tension.
Study of the surface properties of water.
Investigation of Methods for Measuring the Acceleration of Free Fall in the Laboratory.
Study of the thermal conductivity of fat.
The study of the physical properties of the soil near the school site.
How to manage balance.
Quantum properties of light.
Bell ringing from a physical point of view.
Corrosion of metals
space speeds
space junk
Beautiful mysteries: noctilucent clouds.
Cryogenic liquids
Nobel Prize winners in physics.
Leonardo da Vinci - artist, inventor, scientist.

Chandelier Chizhevsky

Magnetic fluid
Earth's magnetic field and its impact on humans.
Magnetic phenomena in nature
Interdisciplinary aspects of nanotechnologies.
Meteor hazard for technical devices in near-Earth orbit.
Mechanics of the Heart Pulse
The world of weightlessness and overload.
The world we live in is surprisingly prone to fluctuations.
Myths of the starry sky in the culture of Latin American peoples.
Mobile phone. Harm or benefit?!
Simulation of physical processes
DC motor model.
My physics instrument: hydrometer.
Lightning rod
Soap bubbles as an object of surface tension research.
Nanobiotechnology in the modern world.
Nanodiagnostics
Nanostructured fine-grained concrete.
Nanotechnology in our life.
Weightlessness
On the use of wind energy.
Ode to rotation
Ozone is an application for storing vegetables.
Danger of electromagnetic radiation and protection against it.
Determining the height of the area above sea level using atmospheric pressure.
Determination of the coefficient of mutual induction.
Determination of the coefficient of viscosity of a liquid.
Determination of the coefficient of surface tension of water with various impurities.
Determination of the density of an irregularly shaped body.
Determining the conditions for the body to be in equilibrium.
Determination of the center of gravity by mathematical means.
Relativity of motion
Obvious and incredible in the interaction of glass and water.
P.L. Kapitsa. The appearance of a scientist and a person.
The paradoxes of the teachings of Lucretius Cara.
Swimming bodies
Melting and solidification of bodies.
Plasma.
Plasma is the fourth state of matter.
Density and buoyancy of the body
Surface tension of water.
Surface tension of water in space.
Ebb and flow
Application of information technologies in the study of curvilinear motion.
Application of the Archimedes force in technology.
The use of ultrasound in medicine.
Galileo's principle of relativity.
Simple mechanisms in agriculture.
Gauss gun
Radio waves in our life
Radio receiver with adjustable volume.

Development of wind energy

Selenium refining by vacuum distillation.
Jet thrust
Jet propulsion in the modern world.
jet engines
Resonance during mechanical vibrations.
Robert Hooke and the law of elasticity
The role of levers in a person's life and his sporting achievements.
Salt water properties. The sea is in my glass.
Segner's wheel
Force of gravity
Friction force.
The force of friction in nature.
Modern means of communication. Cellular.
Creation of indicators of water flow, density equal to the density of water.
Methods for determining body weight without weights.
Water purification methods based on physical principles.
Hydrofoils are one of the inventions of K.E. Tsiolkovsky.
Secrets of the Leaning Tower of the Demidovs
Is this an empty space vacuum?
Filament temperature
Heat pump
Friction in nature and technology.
Ultrasound in medicine
Ultrasound in nature and technology.
RAM device.
Accelerators of elementary parts: a look into the future.
The phenomenon of genius on the example of the personality of Albert Einstein.
Ferrofluid
Physicist Gaston Plante.
Physics of earthquakes and their recording equipment.
Physics and room acoustics
Tornado physics. A tornado in the service of man.
Chemistry and color
Tsunami. Causes of occurrence and physics of processes.
Why is a diesel engine better than a gasoline engine?
A little more about tornado
Ecological passport of the physics cabinet.
Experimental methods for measuring free fall acceleration.
Experiments with non-Newtonian fluid.
Energy: yesterday, today, tomorrow.
Energy possibilities of the magnetohydrodynamic effect.
Energy of the future
Energy-saving lamps: "for" or "against".
Amber in physics.