§ « Actual problems of physical science”:

1. Substance and field - two forms of matter. The current state of the problem.

2. Problems of physics of elementary particles.

3. Symmetry principle in modern physics.

4. The principle of relativity and modern physics.

5. Resonance phenomena in modern research.

§ "Physics and technical progress":

6. Physics of a modern car (locomotive, sea and river vessels, aircraft, etc.).

7. Physics and modern microelectronics.

8. Physics and high technologies.

9. Physics and modern refrigeration units.

10. Physics and non-waste technologies.

11. Physics and energy saving technologies.

§ "Physics and Modern Energy":

12. Sources of energy: history and modernity.

13. Modern problems of nuclear energy.

14. Thermonuclear synthesis and energy problems.

15. Search for alternative energy sources: problems and prospects.

§ "Physics and Astronomy":

16. Evolution of the Universe: modern aspects of the problem.

17. Modern studies of the planets of the solar system.

18. Physical methods of research in astronomy.

19. Big Bang Theory: Modern Aspects of the Problem.

20. The problem of measuring time in modern astronomy.

21. New discoveries in astronomy.

§ "Physics and biology (medicine)":

22. Physical measurements in medicine (or in biology).

23. Modern problems of biophysics.

24. Laser in medical science and practice: the current state of the problem.

25. High technologies in surgery: progress, problems and prospects.

26. Ionizing radiation and medical research.

§ "Physics and chemistry":

27. Physics and problems of creating new materials with desired properties.

28. Physics and problems of obtaining ultrapure substances.

29. Physical chemistry: history and modernity.

30. From the alchemist's laboratory to modern chemical production.

31. Physical methods in chemical research.

§ "Physics and environmental problems of our time":

32. Ecological problems of a big city (physical aspects).

33. Ecology and nuclear energy: pros and cons.

34. Disposal of radioactive waste: the current state of the problem.

35. Problems of recycling waste materials.

36. Clean water: environmental aspects of the problem.

37. Clean atmosphere: environmental aspects of the problem.

§ "Physics and Informatics":

38. Computer technologies in theoretical physics: problems and prospects.

39. Physical reality and the virtual world of the computer.

40. Computer modeling in physics.

41. Physics, information and informatics.

§ "Physics and Society":

42. The principle of relativity and its influence on the development of interpersonal relations in modern society.

43. The principle of tolerance and modern society.

44. The system of worldview of my contemporary and the role of physics in his development.

45. Physics and children's toy.

§ "Physics and Art":

46. ​​Sensual and rational in the knowledge of the surrounding world.

47. Physics and music.

48. Physics and painting.

49. Physical methods in modern archeology.

50. Problems of determining time in modern historical research.

SUGGESTED LITERATURE

1. Brochures from the Kvant Library.

1. Popular science series of the society "Knowledge" ("Physics", "Astronomy and Cosmonautics", etc.).

1. Scientific and popular magazines.

1. Magazines "Quantum".

1. Books from the series "For schoolchildren about modern physics".

1. Journals "Science and Life".

1. Magazines "Around the World".

ATTACHMENT 1

State educational institution of secondary vocational education

Glazovsky College of Industrial Technologies, Economics and Service

On this page, Obuchonka contains the most interesting topics of projects in physics in all sections and areas of this subject of the school curriculum. The work on the project implies the participation of a physics teacher as a leader and consultant.

Relevant and interesting topics of research papers in physics can be taken for research by students of both primary and secondary schools, as well as by students of high school. Such a study is suitable for students of different levels of knowledge, will allow you to study such a complex subject with pleasure.

Consider the interesting topics of physics projects presented below for students of any grades of a general education school, gymnasium or lyceum. The topic can be taken completely or changed at your discretion, depending on the amount of planned work, the interests and hobbies of the student, as well as the level of his knowledge and skills.

After choosing an interesting topic for research work in physics, it is possible for children to complete a project with the participation of their parents, with their support and interest. Together with the child, parents will be able to discover something new, refresh the school curriculum and improve mutual understanding with the child.

Interesting physics project topics for all grades

Interesting topics of research projects in physics:

And yet she turns
Is a chicken egg hard?
What is sound?
Auto of the future: what is it?
Aggregate state of jelly
Archimedean force and man on the water
Escape from surprise, or the search for living and dead water
Large Hadron Collider - A Path to Apocalypse or Progress?
perpetual motion machine
Do-it-yourself video surveillance of the house
Watch types
Identification of the dependence of the body weight of class students on their body weight at birth
Hologram and its application
Gravity. gravity
Does it snow?
Is the coat warm?
Thunder and lightning
Deep sea pressure.
Stove pressure on the floor
The action of the buoyant force.
tree of knowledge
Deformations of a rigid body.
Home laboratory work in physics.
Breathing in terms of the laws of physics.
Food from the microwave: benefit or harm?
Yo-mobile: myth or reality?
The dependence of melting and solidification of chocolate on its composition.
Balloon riddle
The laws of physics in dance movements.
Entertaining physics
Entertaining models from "Lego".
Entertaining experiments for the lesson of the world around.
Entertaining experiments in physics
Entertaining experiments in physics for younger students.
Winter, physics and folk signs
Toys based on the gyroscopic effect (for example, "Yo-yo").
Measuring the reaction time of adolescents and adults.
Measuring the height of a building in different ways.
Measurement of excess air pressure inside a rubber ball.
Measurement of the density of solids in various ways.
Human Body Density Measurement
Measuring instruments are our helpers.
Frost is an amazing natural phenomenon.
The study of the sound-absorbing properties of various tree species.
The study and explanation of the color of the sky.
The study of aircraft on the example of a kite.
Study of the mechanical properties of spider silk.
The study of some properties of chicken eggs.
Learning the basics of building bridges.

Interesting research topics in physics

Approximate interesting topics of research papers in physics:

Studying the operation of refrigerators and determining their characteristics.
Study of the growth of crystals of metal salts in sodium silicate solution.
The study of the properties of paper, as an element of laboratory work.
Study of the properties of copper sulfate crystals.
The study of the properties of materials used in local construction.
Study of the properties of polyethylene films (cellophane, file, cover).
The study of thermal conductivity of various types of tissues.
The study of the physical properties of dishwashing detergents.
The study of the power supply of the apartment.
Illusions and paradoxes of vision
Illusion, mirage or vision paradoxes.
Illustrated Dictionary of Physics
Innovative technologies in fire fighting.
Interesting mechanisms
Informativeness of water.
Information-illustrated problem book.
Air ionization is the way to longevity.
Evaporation from plants
Using the model in the study of the greenhouse effect.
Using plastic bottles in simple physics experiments.
The use of jet propulsion in nature.
Use of installations powered by solar energy at home.
The use of electrical appliances in everyday life and the calculation of the cost of electricity consumption.
Study of the influence of the shape, size and color of the teapot on the rate of cooling of water in it.
Study of the cooling time of a cup of hot drinks.
Research and identification of an unknown substance.
Study of the capillary properties of table napkins
Investigation of the coefficient of friction of shoes on a different surface.
Study of the mechanical properties of plastic bags.
Research of model properties of various models of paper planes.
The study of the density of the walrus tooth (tusk).
Study of the process of boiling chicken eggs.
Research of thermal radiation of an iron.
Study of thermal conductivity of various building materials.
Study of the elastic properties of rubber
Investigation of background noise near the railway.
History of the compass
History of light bulbs
How to "tame" a rainbow.
How living organisms protect themselves from the cold.
How to make a paper plane.
How visual illusions help to "correct" figure flaws.
How dew, frost, rain and snow are formed.
How snowflakes are formed
How to determine the height of a tree using improvised means.
How submarines sink and float to the surface of the water.
How is a rainbow made?
How does a rainbow appear? Getting a rainbow at home.
How to tame the wind?
How to make a kaleidoscope
How the pyramids were built

How to insulate your home.
What a blue sky! Why is it like this?
Drop on a hot surface
Potato as a source of electrical energy.
Design of radio-controlled cars.
Mow, scythe, while the dew ...
Crystals and methods for their growth.
Salt crystals and conditions for their growth.
Physics crosswords
The water cycle in nature
Where do puddles go after rain?
Avalanches. There are no plains here...
Legend or true story "Rays of Archimedes"?
The legend of the discovery of the law of Archimedes.
Ice and its properties
Metals on the human body.
Mirages
Myths and legends of physics
Wind farm model.
Can robots be trusted?
My first experiments in physics
Soap bubbles are a sea of ​​positive.
Balls. Interaction. Energy
Nanobots
The extraordinary life of an ordinary drop.
Unusual in the ordinary
Unusual nearby. Physics in pictures
Unusual sources of energy - "tasty" batteries.
Metal processing. Making a badge by casting.
Determination of the density of notebook paper and its compliance with GOST.
Determination of the specific effective activity of cement.
Optical art (op art) as a synthesis of science and art.
Reflection of light through the eyes of a cat
Evaluation of the efficiency of the heater
Sailboats: history, principle of movement
Cloak of invisibility - myth or reality?
Learning the laws of physics with the help of objects at our fingertips
Useful energy-saving habits
The benefits and harms of a personal computer.
Why plastic windows "cry"
Why is water pouring out of a bucket?
Why does a water strider walk on water?
Why do the instruments sound?
Why do skates slide?
Why doesn't the moon fall to earth?
Why doesn't oil sink in water?
Why does sunlight darken skin?
Why is the foam white?
Why does the record sing?
Why do holiday balloons tend to fly into the sky?
Why do objects fall down at different speeds?
Why do rivers and lakes begin to freeze from their banks?
Why are shells noisy?
Singing glasses
Simple machines are all around us.
The process of chip formation.
Strength of paper rope.
Journey through the temperature scale.
Radiofication of the school
Rainbow at home: the amazing is near.

Jet propulsion in wildlife.
Drawings in the wheat fields
Robots (androids). The latest technology.
Homemade laser show
Homemade appliances
Homemade weather forecasting devices.
Homemade thermos
Light music. Make your own lighting.
Amber properties
The secret of the effect in 3D movies
silicate garden
modern monitors. Advantages and disadvantages.
modern thermometers.
Creation of a harmonograph.
Creating a mobile magnifying device at home.
solar water heater
Comparative characteristics of meteorological observations for 2012 - 2015
A glass of tea and physics
The spherical shape of the teapot - a tribute to fashion or a reasonable choice?
The mysterious energy of the pyramids
The warmth of one match
Maglev transport
Amazing experiences with soap bubbles.
smart lamp
The device of the fountain in the garden
Physics in the bath
Physics in the profession of a cook.
Physics in puzzles
Physics in drawings.
Physics in fairy tales.
Physics in sports
Physics in the circus
Physics inside the samovar.
The physics of coffee making.
Dance Physics
Physical tricks
Physical characteristics and properties of snow.
Physical phenomena and processes in A. Volkov's fairy tales.
Chemiluminescence
What is formed inside the clouds?!
Miracle of nature - rainbow
Save energy when cooking.
Electricity on combs.
Star energy
Energy saving school.

Below research topics in physics are exemplary, they can be taken as a basis, supplemented, expanded and changed at your own discretion, depending on your own interesting ideas and hobbies. An entertaining research topic will help the student deepen his knowledge of the subject and plunge into the world of physics.

Any physics project topics on fgos, you can choose from the list of listed topics for any class of a general education school and section of physics. In the future, the leader conducts consultations to more accurately determine the topic of the project. This will help the student concentrate on the most important aspects of the study.

On the page you can follow links to interesting topics of physics projects for grade 5, grade 6, grade 7, grade 8, grade 9, grade 10 and 11 and topics for high school on light, optics, light phenomena and electricity, on the topics of projects on nuclear physics and radiation.

The presented topics of research papers in physics for grades 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 will be of interest to students who are fond of the biography of physicists, like to conduct experiments, solder, are not indifferent to mechanics, electronics and other branches of physics. The acquired skills will not only become the basis for subsequent research activities, but will also be useful in everyday life. To these sections of the topics of design work in physics, you can go to the links below.

Topics of research papers on light, optics, electricity, nuclear physics

In addition to the above sections with topics of design work in physics, we recommend that schoolchildren look at general and rather relevant and interesting physics project topics listed below on this page of our website. The proposed topics are general and can be used at different educational levels.

Physics project topics

Sample topics for physics projects for school students:

HELL. Sakharov is an outstanding scientist and human rights activist of our time.
Aviation models of free flight.
Autogyros
Aggregate states of matter.
Actual problems of atmospheric physics.
Acoustic noise and its impact on the human body.
Alferov Zhores Ivanovich
Albert Einstein is a paradoxical genius and "eternal child".
Microassembly failure analysis.
Andron collider: the myth of the origin of the universe.
Anisotropy of crystals
Anisotropy of physical properties of single crystals.
Anomalous properties of water
antique mechanics
Aristotle is the greatest scientist of antiquity.
Arterial pressure
Archimedes is the greatest ancient Greek mathematician, physicist and engineer.
Aspects of the influence of music and sounds on the human body.
Atmospheric pressure is a man's helper.
Atmospheric pressure in human life.
Aerodynamics in the service of mankind
Aerodynamics of paper strips, or "And yet it spins!"
Wind tunnels.
ballistic movement.
Bathysphere
bioluminescence
Biomechanics of the cat.
Human biomechanics
Biomechanical principles in technology.
Bionics. A technical view of wildlife.
Biosuit for flight to other planets.
Human biophysics
Biophysics. Vibrations and sounds
Boomerang
In heaven, on earth and at sea. (Physics of amazing natural phenomena).
In pursuit of the Carnot cycle.
What is the secret of the thermos.
V.G. Shukhov is a great Russian engineer.
VC. X-ray - discoveries, life path.
Vacuum at the service of man
Vacuum. Energy of physical vacuum.
Introduction to the physics of black holes.
Vertical flight
Wind as an example of convection in nature.
Wind at the service of man
Mutual transformations of liquids and gases. Phase transitions.
Relationship between polar lights and human health.
Air weighing
Types of water pollution and purification methods based on physical phenomena.
Types of car fuel.
Types of noise pollution and their impact on living organisms.
Visualization of sound vibrations in a Rubens tube.
Virtual laboratory work at physics lessons.
Vortex formations.
The contribution of Blaise Pascal to the creation of methods for studying the surrounding world.
Contribution of M.V. Lomonosov in the development of physical science.
Air humidity and its impact on human life.
Air humidity and its impact on human health.
Humidity. Determination of the oxygen content in the air.
Influence of external sound irritants on the structure of water.
The effect of loud sound and noise on the human body.
Effect of sound on living organisms
Effect of sound on sand. Figures of Chladni.
Influence of sounds, noises on the human body.

Research topics in physics

Approximate topics of research papers in physics for school students:

The effect of radiation from a cell phone on the human body.
The impact of changes in atmospheric pressure on the attendance and academic performance of students in our school.
Effect of weightlessness on the vital activity of organisms.
Influence of water quality on the properties of soap bubbles.
Influence of laser radiation on the germination of pea seeds.
Influence of magnetic and electrostatic fields on the rate and degree of germination of seeds of cultivated plants.
Influence of a magnetic field on the germination of seeds of grain crops.
Influence of the magnetic field on the growth of crystals.
Effect of magnetic activation on the properties of water.
The impact of magnetic storms on human health
The influence of mechanical work on the student's body.
The effect of headphones on human hearing
Influence of footwear on the musculoskeletal system.
The influence of weather on the human body
Influence of high-speed overloads on the human body.
The impact of cell phones on human health.
Effect of temperature on liquids, gases and solids.
Influence of ambient temperature on the change of snow patterns on window glass.
Influence of torsion fields on human activity.
The impact of noise on the body of students.
Water is a familiar and unusual substance.
Water in three aggregate states.
Water and magnifying glass
Water extravaganza: fountains
Hydrogen is a source of energy.
water clock
The air that surrounds us. Air experiments.
Aeronautics
Magic snowflakes
Soap bubble magic.
Rotational motion of rigid bodies.
Harmful and beneficial friction
Time and its measurement
Is it always possible to believe your eyes, or what is an illusion.
Growing and studying the physical properties of copper sulfate crystals.
Growing CuSo4 and NaCl crystals, studying their physical properties.
Growing crystals at home.
Growing crystals from different types of salt.
Growing crystals of table salt and sugar at home by cooling.
High-speed transport driven and controlled by the force of the electromagnetic field.
Pressure in liquids and gases.
Solid body pressure
Gifts of Prometheus
Internal combustion engine.
Stirling engine - the technology of the future.
Movement in the field of gravity.
air movement
Denis Gabor
James Clerk Maxwell
Space flight dynamics
Dynamic fatigue of polymers.
Diffusion in home experiments
Diffusion in nature
Diffusion and jewelry
Milking machine "Volga"
Units of measurement of physical quantities.
Her majesty spring.
High capacity railway tank car.
Women are Nobel Prize winners in physics.
Live seismographs
liquid crystals
Life and achievements of B. Pascal
The Life and Inventions of John Baird
Life and creative activity of M.V. Lomonosov.
The life and work of Lev Nikolaevich Termen.
Life and works of A.F. Ioffe

The dependence of the boiling time of water on its quality.
Dependence of the coefficient of surface tension of engine oil on temperature.
The dependence of the surface tension coefficient of the soap solution on temperature.
Dependence of water evaporation rate on surface area and on wind.
The dependence of the resistance of the human body on the state of the skin.
Riddles of the boiling liquid
Mysteries of non-Newtonian fluid.
Mysteries of the ozone holes
Mysterious Möbius strip.
Law of Archimedes. Swimming tel.
Pascal's law and its application
The importance of the steam engine in human life.
Igor Yakovlevich Stechkin
From the history of aircraft
Production of a working model of a steam turbine.
Measurement of large distances. Triangulation.
Measurement of air humidity and devices for its correction.
Fluid Viscosity Measurement
Measurement of the density of solids in various ways.
Temperature measurement in physics lessons
Measurement of gravitational acceleration
Heron's inventions in the field of hydrodynamics
Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci brought to life.
The study of sound vibrations on the example of musical instruments.
The study of free mechanical oscillations on the example of mathematical and spring pendulums.
Study of the properties of permanent magnets.
The study of surface tension forces with the help of soap bubbles and anti-bubbles.
The study of surface tension forces with the help of soap bubbles.
Ilya Usyskin - aborted flight
Inertia is the cause of traffic violations.
Isaac Newton
Evaporation in nature and technology.
Evaporation and moisture in the life of living beings.
Evaporation and condensation in nature
The use of thermal energy of a candle in domestic conditions.
Study of atmospheric phenomena.
Investigation of the motion of liquid drops in a viscous medium.
Investigation of circular motion
Investigation of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a body on a spring on the mass of the body.
Study of surface tension.
Study of the surface properties of water.
Investigation of methods for measuring free fall acceleration in laboratory conditions.
Study of the thermal conductivity of fat.
The study of the physical properties of the soil near the school site.
How to manage balance.
Quantum properties of light.
Bell ringing from a physical point of view.
Corrosion of metals
space speeds
space junk
Beautiful mysteries: noctilucent clouds.
Cryogenic liquids
Nobel Prize winners in physics.
Leonardo da Vinci - artist, inventor, scientist.
Chandelier Chizhevsky
Magnetic fluid
Earth's magnetic field and its impact on humans.
Magnetic phenomena in nature
Interdisciplinary aspects of nanotechnologies.
Meteor hazard for technical devices in near-Earth orbit.
Mechanics of the Heart Pulse
The world of weightlessness and overload.
The world we live in is remarkably prone to fluctuations.
Myths of the starry sky in the culture of Latin American peoples.
Mobile phone. Harm or benefit?!
Simulation of physical processes
DC motor model.
My physics instrument: hydrometer.
Lightning rod
Soap bubbles as an object of surface tension research.
Nanobiotechnology in the modern world.
Nanodiagnostics
Nanostructured fine-grained concrete.

Nanotechnology in our life.
Weightlessness
On the use of wind energy.
Ode to rotation
Ozone is an application for storing vegetables.
Danger of electromagnetic radiation and protection against it.
Determining the height of the terrain above sea level using atmospheric pressure.
Determination of the coefficient of mutual induction.
Determination of the coefficient of viscosity of a liquid.
Determination of the coefficient of surface tension of water with various impurities.
Determination of the density of an irregularly shaped body.
Determining the conditions for the body to be in equilibrium.
Determination of the center of gravity by mathematical means.
Relativity of motion
Obvious and incredible in the interaction of glass and water.
P.L. Kapitsa. The appearance of a scientist and a person.
The paradoxes of the teachings of Lucretius Cara.
Swimming bodies
Melting and solidification of bodies.
Plasma.
Plasma is the fourth state of matter.
Density and buoyancy of the body
Surface tension of water.
Surface tension of water in space.
Ebb and flow
Application of information technologies in the study of curvilinear motion.
Application of the Archimedes force in technology.
The use of ultrasound in medicine.
Galileo's principle of relativity.
Simple mechanisms in agriculture.
Gauss gun
Radio waves in our lives
Radio receiver with adjustable volume.
Development of wind energy
Selenium refining by vacuum distillation.
Jet thrust
Jet propulsion in the modern world.
jet engines
Resonance during mechanical vibrations.
Robert Hooke and the law of elasticity
The role of levers in a person's life and his sporting achievements.
Salt water properties. The sea is in my glass.
Segner's wheel
Force of gravity
Friction force.
The force of friction in nature.
Modern means of communication. Cellular.
Creation of indicators of water flow, density equal to the density of water.
Methods for determining body weight without weights.
Water purification methods based on physical principles.
Hydrofoils are one of the inventions of K.E. Tsiolkovsky.
Secrets of the Leaning Tower of the Demidovs
Is this an empty space vacuum?
Filament temperature
Heat pump
Friction in nature and technology.
Ultrasound in medicine
Ultrasound in nature and technology.
RAM device.
Accelerators of elementary parts: a look into the future.
The phenomenon of genius on the example of the personality of Albert Einstein.
Ferrofluid
Physicist Gaston Plante.
Physics of earthquakes and their recording equipment.
Physics and room acoustics
Tornado physics. A tornado in the service of man.
Chemistry and color
Tsunami. Causes of occurrence and physics of processes.
Why is a diesel engine better than a gasoline engine?
A little more about tornado
Ecological passport of the physics cabinet.
Experimental methods for measuring free fall acceleration.
Experiments with non-Newtonian fluid.
Energy: yesterday, today, tomorrow.
Energy possibilities of the magnetohydrodynamic effect.
Energy of the future
Energy-saving lamps: "for" or "against".
Amber in physics.

Topics of abstracts in physics.

Temperature and temperature scales.

Galileo thermometer. Principle of operation.

Temperature. Methods for determining temperature.

The Mpemba paradox.

capillary phenomena.

1. Diffusion.

   surface tension.

   Brownian motion.

   Heat and temperature.

   Plasma as a special aggregate state of matter.

   Perpetual motion machine.

   Thermocouples and thermal resistances.

   The simplest mechanisms (wedge, gate, inclined plane, block, gate, lever, screw).

   Spatial scales of the observable Universe.

   The applicability of the laws of physics to explain the nature of space objects.

   How are spectra analyzed?

How the discovery of the photoelectric effect led to a modification of the corpuscular theory

Radio communication. How radio waves are generated, transmitted and received.

How do electrons provide us with entertainment and protection?

The conquest of atomic energy. How was the equivalence of matter and energy proved?

The atom is conquered, but civilization is under threat. How does the energy obtained by splitting and fusion of atoms pose new problems for all of humanity?

The riddle of light What is light? How did the two theories of light develop, and how does each explain the reflection and refraction of light?

Interference, polarization and speed of light.

As the wave theory gains additional support, but the measurement of the speed of light poses new problems.

Mirrors and images. How are the laws of reflection applied to the study of images obtained in various mirrors?

Lenses and images. How do the laws of refraction explain lens imaging?

Optical devices. How the laws of imaging in lenses apply to some optical instruments.

Optical phenomena. Their explanation in terms of geometric and wave optics.

Lighting and vision enhancement.

How light is measured and how vision can be saved.

Color mystery. How is the color of objects determined and how can colors be used?

Spectra, emission and absorption of light.

Modern ideas about the origin and evolution of the Sun and stars.

The structure of the solar system.

Earth-Moon system.

General information about the Sun.

Sources of energy and internal structure of the Sun.

The physical nature of the stars.

Our galaxy.

The role of experiment and theory in the process of cognition of nature.

scientific hypotheses. Physical laws. Physical theories.

space speeds.

Reactive movement.

The laws of thermodynamics. Thermal engines and environmental protection.

dispersion of light.

Optical phenomena in the atmosphere (rainbow, halo, mirage, circle around the moon, crown around the sun, crown around the moon, sun column, dawn, gloria). Select one or more optical phenomena.

Light interference.

polarization of light.

Diffraction of light waves. Diffraction grating.

Muar - benefit or harm? Moire pattern. Physical foundations of the appearance of moiré.

Types of radiation. Sources of light. Scale of electromagnetic waves.

Infrared and ultraviolet radiation.

X-rays.

Planck's hypothesis about quanta.

Photoelectric effect. Photon.

De Broglie's hypothesis about the wave properties of particles. Corpuscular-wave dualism.

The Heisenberg uncertainty relation.

Planetary model of the atom. Bohr's quantum postulates.

1. Nuclear energy.

   Effect of ionizing radiation on living organisms. dose of radiation.

   Electrical conductivity of various substances. Dependence of conductor resistance on temperature. Superconductivity.

   Electric current in semiconductors. The use of semiconductor devices.

   Electric current in vacuum. Cathode-ray tube.

   Electric current in liquids.

   Electric current in gases. Independent and non-independent category.

   Electric current in various environments.