Book's spine- the side part of the book, it can have bandages, embossing, it can be round or straight.
Captal is an intertwined braid that covers the spine of a book block by 1-2 mm, serves to decorate and hide assembly defects.
Lasse - a ribbon bookmark, 5 mm wide, has many different colors.
Endpaper is a sheet folded in half, which is glued to the first page of the book and glued to the cover (binding cover).
Nachsatz is the same endpaper, only attached to the last page of the block.
Title page - a sheet to which the flyleaf is glued; the author, title of the book, and publisher are indicated on it.
The backlog is the spine. It has a thickness of 0.5 - 3 mm, and is made of bookbinding or cellulose cardboard.
Rastas - a book has 2 rastas, this is the distance from the spine of the book to the cardboard side.
Cardboard side- a hardcover book has 2 cardboard sides, which are covered with binding materials and form a binding cover.
Binding cover- cardboard covered with binding material (or paper), which has a thickness of 0.5 - 5 mm, consists of 2 cardboard sides, 2 borders and 1 margin.
Binding material- the material, as a rule, is paper-based, which has increased strength (compared to 7b and 7bts paper binding), requires an expensive type of printing on the cover - embossing, because Printing on such a cover is impossible, with the exception of UV printing (direct printing on any materials), which is used very rarely, because has a number of negative qualities - fragility, cracks, low quality, expensive for large quantities.
HARDBACK – 7
Hardcover books are usually chosen for highly artistic publications. It has high performance characteristics and looks the most aesthetically attractive. The book consists of indoor unit(sewn notebooks) and covers(which in printing is called a cover). The lid is made of a cardboard base; according to its finishing, two options are distinguished: 7BC and 7B.
The inside sides of the cover are connected to the block by endpapers - the endpapers can be sealed or made of designer paper. The internal block is stitched with thread, which makes the strength and durability of such a product much higher. After the block is sewn, gauze or other spine material is glued to its spine. A captal, a braid with a thickened edge, is glued to the upper and lower parts of the block.
A subtype of hardcover is French binding, in which there are convex elements on the spine, they are called “bandages”. This design adds status, good quality and is often used in corporate gift editions, as well as in editions of art books.
Also, at the request of the customer, it is possible to produce a bookmark - a string. Lasse is a silk ribbon attached to the spine, very convenient for quickly finding the desired page. You can make a ribbon in a color that harmonizes with the overall design of the book or serves as a small color accent.
HARD BACK - 7BC (C = cellophaneized, i.e. with matte or glossy lamination)
The 7BC hardcover cover is made of a cardboard base - sides and back, covered with pre-sealed and laminated paper (possibly with UV varnish).
7BC - bright, with full-color printing, strong and durable - is rightfully one of the most widespread types of binding.
HARDBACK - 7B and 7T
In the production of books in 7B binding, paper vinyl, balacron, leather, fabric (binding type: 7T, from the word “fabric”), etc. are used as binding materials, which are used for backing, i.e. The cardboard of the binding cover is glued. The difference from the 7BC binding is that the 7B binding can be decorated using embossing, embossing, UV varnishing and other methods.
It is possible to combine spine 7B and sides 7BC.
SOFT BINDING (KBS): ADHESIVE SEAMLESS FIXING
Soft binding is one of the most inexpensive and quickly produced bindings. The cover of the KBS binding is made of designer paper, cardboard or paper with a density of up to 300 g/m2, pre-printed and laminated. After the cover is ready and the block is printed, they are glued together using special glue machines and the cover is creased “for opening”. Soft binding with adhesive seamless connection, due to its ease of execution and affordable price, is the most popular and one of the most affordable types of binding in book production. Our printing house offers KBS using polyurethane glue (PUR glue), which gives reliability, durability and improves the appearance of publications (a thinner layer, so the publication looks neater, the block openability improves, it is more convenient to read).
KShS (sometimes called ShKS), GLUE SEWING BINDING- a method of binding printed products intended for intensive and long-term use (magazines, brochures, catalogues, softcover books, etc.). Hot-melt bonding with preliminary sewing of the block on a thread sewing machine is sewing the block with threads plus fastening the block. KShS is a little more expensive than KBS, but stronger and more durable, with a lower production cost than hardcover. This is an ideal solution for high demands on product durability on a limited budget. Sewing notebooks with thread is a long-proven method of fastening book blocks: the block is divided into several notebooks (8, 12, 24, or 32 pages), the notebook is stitched with nylon threads and connected to the next notebook until the entire block is fastened. In this way, the sheets in each notebook are stitched together and all the notebooks together. Next, the roots of the blocks are crimped, glued into the cover with polyurethane hot glue, and finally the finished product is trimmed on three sides. KShS bindings are significantly superior to KBS-type bindings in strength, service life and convenience, fully justifying the slight increase in cost.
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INTEGRAL BINDING
Integral binding is also called Dutch binding. Only a few printing houses in Russia are engaged in its production. At first glance, integral binding is practically no different from hard binding - it is also presentable and durable, but the internal structure of such binding is much simpler. The standard 7BC binder contains a binding cover made of heavy cardboard and binding material or laminated printed paper. Its production requires a lot of time and many technological operations. Making an integral cover is much easier. This is a single sheet of cardboard that is pre-sealed and laminated. Then they crease and bend the corners. It is possible to choose the thickness of the cardboard, and therefore the density of the lid. The remaining operations of making a book in integral binding are no different from hard binding (a sewn block - ShKS) is also used here. In our printing house, when creating books with integral binding, we switched to using PUR glue, which gives additional strength and improves the appearance of the product (its layer is thinner).
Books in integral binding are superior to hardcover in terms of weight, they are flexible but durable, and also in cost; however, they may be slightly inferior in terms of block openability, which affects ease of use.
METAL SPRING BINDING
Spring binding is most often used for binding calendars (quarterly, desktop, wall sheet, etc.), various accounting documents, presentations and reports, reports and abstracts, catalogs. The main advantages of a metal spring binding are that it opens 360 degrees and always lies in the same plane, which is very convenient to use. Binding with a metal spring is more reliable than KBS. If you choose thick paper, especially with lamination, such a product will be very durable, “indestructible”...
Spring binding is often chosen for catalogs with a small number of pages and intended for frequent use. They also have a convenient cutout from the edge of the block to quickly find the sections you need.
BROTHERING WITH METAL STAPLE
Stapling is one of the simplest types of stitching products, in which several sheets are stapled along the fold line; it is used for publications up to 80 pages. There are ordinary staples and so-called “Euro staples” - with loops for filing in standard folders with rings. The cover of such a binding is usually made of paper or cardboard with a density of up to 300 g. Then it is fastened with 1, 2 or 3 metal staples to the product block. It is also worth noting that according to the technical requirements for this type of binding, the number of pages in a block must be a multiple of four.
BOLT-ON MOUNTING
As an alternative to a spring or any other binding, it is possible to use a bolted connection between the block and the cover. Bolts come in both metal and plastic. The color of metal bolts is silver, gold. Plastic bolts can be of a variety of colors, these are: blue, black, yellow, white, etc. It should be noted that the minimum length of the bolts is 5 mm, so the thickness of the block being fastened should not be less than 3-4 mm, otherwise such a design will look unattractive.
COVERS, BOXES AND CASES FOR BOOKS
In our printing house you can order cases for books of almost any size. As a rule, cases are made for gift and collector's editions, VIP presentations, manuals, and when printing hardcover books. The finishing and binding material can be very diverse, including genuine leather. We will develop interesting design solutions for book cases for you and will be happy to bring them to life.
Bindings are also divided into the following types:
No. 1 - all-cardboard edged;
No. 2 - all-cardboard with edging;
No. 3 - all-fabric soft edged;
No. 4 - hard all-paper with edging;
No. 5 - composite with a fabric spine and sides covered with cover paper;
No. 6 - integral binding;
No. 7 - all-fabric hard with edging;
No. 8 - composite with edging, with sides covered with one type of fabric, and with a spine made of another type of fabric;
Our printing house has almost thirty years of experience in producing publications in a wide variety of bindings - we have been working since 1988. By contacting us, you receive a guarantee of the quality and excellent appearance of your books, catalogues, brochures and other printed materials.
You can consult our managers in the office near the Alekseevskaya metro station on the intricacies of choosing binding, binding materials and the cost of work, by phone or by e-mail.
If you are planning to print a complex non-standard publication, we can offer assistance from our technologists, who will suggest the optimal choice of material and finishing methods for each specific product. We will be happy to help you!
To receive an estimate of the cost of printing books, catalogs, magazines, brochures, advertising printing, send a request. Please note that we offer offset printing, with circulations from 300 to several thousand copies, the larger the circulation, the more favorable the price per copy.
then it is glued to the first or last page of the notebook; such an illustration is called gluing. An illustration attached to any other page of the notebook is called an insert. Additional elements that are not glued, but thrown over the notebook, are called capes, and those that are inserted are called tabs.
Fractional part of the sheet- a notebook with a different number of pages than the main notebooks of the book block; their volume (from 4 to 28 pages) must be a multiple of four.
A complex notebook is the same simple notebook, only additional elements are attached to it (endpaper, fractional part of the sheet).
Blocks in publications up to 80 pages consist of one or more notebooks nested one inside the other (inset assembly, Fig. 4-1, a), and the cover, when stitching publications, is most often secured to the block with metal staples. Blocks in larger editions are completed from notebooks placed sequentially on top of each other (Fig. 4-1, b), i.e., a selection. In this case, the cover is glued only to the spine of the block or to the spine and partially to the first and last pages of the block.
Rice. 4-1. Brochures: a - complete with insert; b - completed with a selection
2. Construction of books in a binding cover
2.1. External elements of the book block
The hardcover book (Figure 4-2) is designed to last for a long time. It consists of a book block enclosed in a binding cover.
1 - book notebooks;
2 - flyleaf;
3 - radicular material;
4 - captal;
5 - paper strip; b - ribbon bookmark (lasse); 7 - cardboard side; 8 - covering material;
9 - spacing (distance between cardboard sides); 10 - backlog;
11 - spacing (distance between the cardboard side and the gap); 12 - edge
Rice. 4-2. Construction of a book edition in a binding cover:
B - book block; K - binding cover.
TO external elements of a book block in a binding cover include: endpaper, spine, spine material, paper strip, captal, edges and ribbon bookmark (lasse).
Endpapers (Fr, Fig. 4-3, a) are two four-page sheets of paper, one of which is attached to the first and the other to the last notebook of the block. That is, one endpaper is pre-
It is a sheet folded into one fold. The first serves to connect the first sheet of the block to the front side of the lid, the second - to connect the last sheet to the back side of the lid. In addition, the endpaper is an element of the book's decoration and covers the reverse side of the binding cover. Endpapers can vary in design and design.
The block is cut on three sides, and the fourth side of the block is radicular or spine (Kr, Fig. 4-3, a). Notebooks are usually held together along the spine folds with thread. Depending on the type of design, the spine can be straight (Fig. 4-3, c), round (Fig. 4-3, d) and mushroom-shaped (Fig. 4-3, e). On the spine there is a spine material - gauze or other material replacing it (Km), which protrudes beyond the thickness of the block and forms valves on each side, which serve to fasten the block to the binding cover. Gauze flaps cover the spine portion of the endpaper. On top of the gauze, a paper strip (Bp) and a fabric braid with a thickened colored edge - captal (K) are glued to the spine.
The ends (front, top and bottom) of a book block are called edges. The front edge, depending on the shape of the spine, can be straight or concave. Very often, to improve the artistic design of the book and prevent contamination of the edges, they are painted over.
For ease of use of the book, some publications have a ribbon bookmark. The bookmark tape (L) is a braid, one end of which is attached to the upper part of the spine of the block, and the second is inserted inside the block and extends beyond the edges of the bottom edge.
Rice. 4-3. Design of a book in a binding cover: a - book; b - block;
V - straight spine; g - concave spine; d - mushroom-shaped root;
B - book block; PC - binding cover; C - dust jacket; Fr - flyleaf; Fn - frontispiece; T - title; Kr - spine; L - ribbon bookmark; Km - radicular material; BP - paper strip; K - captal
2.2. Internal elements of a book block
In addition to the pages of the main text, the book block contains the following additional internal elements of the book block: title page, front title, counter title, front page of the title page, back page of the title page, title page, frontispiece.
On the title page post the main output information that allows you to distinguish the publication from all others.
Imprint- texts placed in the most prominent places of the publication (cover, title page, binding, end page) containing basic brief information about the publication, its brief individual characteristics and individual codes, facilitating its processing in a bookstore and library, as well as reader search.
The imprint contains the name of the author, editor, artist, title of the book, its circulation, volume, format and annotation; printing method; the name of the enterprise where the book was printed and other data necessary for consumer information, bibliographic processing of the book and statistical accounting. They are usually placed on the back of the title page or on the last page of the book.
Imprint - part of the publication's output information, including three elements: 1) place of publication; 2) name of the publisher (name of the publishing house); 3) year of publication. These elements are given in the specified sequence and constitute the output area of the bibliographic description. According to GOST 7.4-85, they are required to be placed at the bottom of the title page.
Graduation data- part of the output information, which gives the production and technical characteristics of the publication, the date of its production, the name and address of the publishing house and printing house. The composition of the release data of book, periodical and continuing publications according to GOST 7.4-95 is as follows:
1) publishing license number and date of issue;
2) date of delivery for typesetting (when the original layout is submitted to the printing house, signed for printing, it is omitted);
3) date of printing;
4) publication format;
5) type of paper;
6) font typeface for the main text;
7) main printing method;
8) volume of publication in printed sheets;
9) circulation;
10) order number of the printing company;
11) name (name) and full postal address of the publishing house (publisher);
12) name and full postal address of the printing company.
Many books use a single (two-page) title page T (Fig. 4-3, a), the main text of which occupies one page. In multi-volume, serial, and also specially designed publications, it is used double title page, which typically consists of four pages:
1) front title - the first page of a double title. The front title contains part of the output information: the name of the organization on behalf of which the publication is published; data of the series in which the publication is included, if the publication is serial. If there is no such data, then they either print some data (author, title, name of the publisher), or print a publisher’s mark, motto, image that sets the reader in the right mood, a kind of epigraph to a series or book, etc.;
2) counter-title - the second page of the double title. It contains:
or general output information for the entire multi-volume or serial publication;
or the imprint of the original edition of the translated work being released, if it is published in translation for the first time;
3) front page title page- third page of double title. On it according to GOST 7.4–95 required (from top to bottom in list order):
title;
subtitle data: subject subtitle; literary genre; type of publication; volume number, name of its author (if the volumes have different authors), title of the volume; name of the editor (head of the publication);
output;
4) back of title page. GOST 7.4–95 allows transferring to it
With front page of the title page of book editions:
name of the compiler(s);
name of the responsible (scientific) editor;
composition of the editorial board;
names of the illustrator and photographer in illustrated publications;
name of the graphic designer;
in the serial publication, the year the series was founded and the names of the persons who participated in the creation of the entire series (editor, compiler, artist of the series and members of the editorial board of the series).
IN In multi-volume editions, the left page refers to the entire publication, and the right page refers to a given volume. In translated editions, the left page of the title is printed in the language in which it was written by the author, and the right page is printed in the language into which this publication is translated.
Frontispiece - a page with an image that forms a spread with the front page of the title page and this image itself (Fig. 4-4). The image must be of a general nature and relate to the entire publication as a whole.
Rice. 4-4. Frontispiece of the miniature collection
Shmuttitul - a sheet on the front page of which (right page of the spread) only the title of the work or the title of the part is placed, sometimes accompanied by an image, epigraph, headings of subordinate subsections, and the back is either left blank or sealed with text (occupied by the initial page of the work or subsection).
2.3. Characteristic stripes of the publication
A page is a sealed area of a publication page on which the layout of text and visual material is located, along with a header and other elements.
Book strips, according to their location in the block, can be: initial (or descending), row and end (Fig. 4-5). Initial, or descent strip(b) is the first page of the book or its parts (chapters, sections). The text on such a strip usually begins with some indentation (descent) from the top edge. This gap can be filled with some kind of ornament or be equipped with a picture - a screensaver.
Rice. 4-5. Characteristic pages of the publication: a - title; b - descent strip; c - end strip; g - ordinary strip.
The end strip (c) is the last strip at the end of a book or section. She is usually not completely occupied with the text. An ending in the form of a decoration or design can be placed in its lower part. All other stripes are ordinary (d) (full), which are text (completely filled with text), pictorial (filled with images with or without captions) and text-figurative (text with images).
Avantitul(from French Avant - before and lat. Titulus - inscription, title) - the first page of a double title page, which consists of four pages.. It is involuntarily formed when the title page is made double-page or folded, or when a frontispiece is placed in the publication. It has compositional and design significance and allows you to unload the main title page. Overhead data and output data can be printed on the front title; a publisher's mark is also placed on it, and sometimes the author's surname and title are repeated.
Alligator(from lat. alligo - tying) - 1) . Editions intertwined with each other. 2) A flip book, a collection that includes two works, each of which starts from its own side of the binding or cover; to read each collection you need to turn it over; Each work has its own title page, its own pagination.
Finished canvas- durable and expensive covering material made from flax or mixed (linen/cotton) fiber.
Basmy- (from Turkic Basma - imprint) - small metal stamps used for manual embossing of ornamental patterns on bindings.
Bandages– strips of leather or cardboard glued to the backing before pasting with binding material. After pasting they form a beautiful relief on the spine.
Blind embossing(from German blind - blind) - colorless embossing, on binding covers, less often - covers, with the help of stamps that smooth the binding material, deepening it at the place of embossing and changing its texture. With this type of embossing, the image is pressed (without paint or foil) into paper or cardboard. Blind or “blind” embossing, like embossing, can also be used to apply images to leather and leatherettes. Blind embossing can be hot or cold. The image is clearly visible on plain material when illuminated from the side.
Block- a set of notebooks or sheets fastened at the spine, trimmed on three sides and prepared for binding.
Stitching- the process of turning printed sheets into a covered publication; includes cutting printed sheets, folding, preparing blocks.
Initial letter- the first letter of the initial word of a chapter or section, increased in size compared to the usual initial letter, often combined with an illustration, vignette or ornament.
Wakata- a blank page used in the publication for compositional and rhythmic purposes during design. Sometimes this is the back of the title page or title page.Vellum paper(from French velin - calfskin) - high-grade (purely cellulose, without wood), well-glued, dense, without a pronounced structure, predominantly yellowish paper. In its manufacture, a scoop mold with a fabric mesh was used, which did not leave any imprints or lines on the sheet of paper. The dense glossy surface resembles real parchment.
Verger(from French verge - striped) - white or colored fine cellulose paper with watermarks in the form of closely spaced narrow stripes.
Vignette(French vignette, from vigne - grape bush) - an element of book decoration, a small drawing of an ornamental, subject or plot-thematic nature. Used on a binding, title page, or other special page; can serve as an intro or ending.
Insert illustration- an additional printed copy inserted into a book or brochure without rigid fastening (for example, a diagram in a pocket at the end of a work).
Paste- an illustration sewn or glued to a notebook and placed between text pages.
Glued flyleaf- a flyleaf containing two or more sheets of paper or cardboard glued together with glue.
Flexible binding(with protruding “bandages”) - a one-piece binding in which notebooks are sewn together with “bandages” (a twisted strip of pigskin or hemp cord), which are located across the spine on the outside of the notebooks. The ends of the bandages are glued to the sides of the binding. This binding is made with a blind spine.
Blind spine- a spine in which the cover material is glued directly to the spines of the notebooks (glued or unglued). It is much more durable than a hollow spine, in which the covering material is glued to a paper sleeve.
Head– the upper edge of the book block.
Primer- a preparation made from egg white or shellac, used to fix gold foil when embossing on binding and gilding edges of work.
Deckle edge- the characteristic ragged edge of hand-made paper, created by fibers that fall between the deckle and scoop frames (sieve) during papermaking.
Dublura(from French doublure - lining) - a binding in which not only the outer, but also the inner side of the binding covers is decorated. May include gold embossed ornamental borders along the edges of the inside of the lid. The middle part is covered with fabric or embossed parchment.
Jaconette- white cotton fabric of rare or dense weave (depending on quality), coated with starch to increase rigidity, facilitate processing and prevent glue penetration. It is used to strengthen notebooks, geographical maps, endpapers, block spines and publication hinges.
Hard sheet- two sheets of paper glued together to increase their density and strength. An example is a glued endpaper.
Bending- a flap of the covering material that bends inward around the end of the side to protect it. Characteristic of all books except books with edged binding.
Edge, shoulder- a scar formed by the spine folds of the processed block notebooks bent at right angles, to which the spine ends of the cardboard sides of the binding are adjacent. The height is equal to the thickness of the cardboard sides of the binding.
Filling- the operation of leveling the inner side of the cardboard side of the binding, not covered by the flaps of the folded covering material, by putting a special paste or gluing manila or other thin cardboard, called interleaving. It provides a smooth surface on the back of the binding onto which the endpaper is glued.
Draw stitch- a stitch or knot performed at the end of stitching each notebook block to connect it to the previous one.
Gold leaf- gold (or its substitute), electronically deposited onto a substrate made of plastic, paper or cellophane.
Gilding of edges- applying gold foil to the ends of the sheets of work.
Making a binding cover- manual operation of connecting two cardboard sides with the covering material.
Inlay- a finishing process in which an image is created on the binding cover by cutting and gluing a material of a different color than the color of the cover binding material.
Kant- the edges of the binding cover or cover protruding beyond the edge of the block. The edging protects the block from damage and contamination, improves the book's openability. The size of the edges depends on the format of the book, as well as the type and purpose of the binding.
Captal(from German Kaptal, abbreviated from Kaptalband) - a binding element attached to the head and tail of the book block and goes around the spine folds of the notebooks between the protruding edges of the binding sides. Previously, it was made in the form of a strip of leather with a side made of colored threads tightly intertwining the core; this strip was sewn to notebooks. Previously, the captal prevented the edges of the book block from being crushed under the influence of the mass of the binding, and also reduced damage to the work when it was pulled from the shelf by the edge of the binding spine. Currently it does not perform a protective function and has been replaced by decorative tape
Adhesive bonding(seamless fastening) - fastening individual sheets with glue. The glue is applied to the edge of the spine margins or to the torn edges of the sheets after pressing.
Collage(from French collage - gluing) - a technical technique in the fine arts, which consists in creating paintings or graphic works by gluing onto any base objects and materials that differ from the base in color and texture. A collage is also a name for a work made entirely in this technique.
Convolute(from lat. convolutus - rolled, woven) - a collection compiled by its owner from several independently published printed works or manuscripts published at different times, bound into one volume. Convolutes are most often created by bibliophiles, but in the old days they were also compiled by market second-hand book dealers.
Embossing(on behalf of the English inventor William Congreve, who proposed this embossing method) - obtaining a multi-level relief (convex-concave) image without foil on paper and cardboard when they are compressed between a stamp and a counter-stamp (punch and matrix, respectively), similar to a bas-relief. It is performed in special embossing presses or in crucible printing machines. Embossing is an effective technique for designing printed publications.
Countertitle(from lat. contra - against and lat. titulus - inscription, title) - the second page of a double title page, located on the same spread as the main title page. In translated editions, the same information is provided on the counter-title as on the title page, but in the original language.
Spine fold- fold on the inner margin of a folded notebook. Sometimes it is called the binding field, since it is along it that the notebooks are stitched together.
Spine- the end surface of a book block in which its constituent notebooks or sheets are fastened.
Kraft paper- strong brown packaging paper used for additional (secondary) pasting of the spine in order to strengthen it. It is also used to make sleeves for hollow spine bindings.
Dyed paper- paper that has a colored tint, which is introduced during its manufacture, which gives an even tone.
Rounding- giving the spine of a stitched book block a rounded shape with an arc equal to a third of the circumference before the beating operation.
Covering- covering (pasting) the spine and sides of the binding with fabric, leather, thin parchment or other materials.
Covering side- in a composite binding with a leather spine and corners, covering with fabric or paper the open parts of the cardboard sides of the binding, performed after gluing the leather parts of the binding.
Lasse(from German Lesezeichen - bookmark) - bookmark ribbon, braid (silk, semi-silk, cotton, wicker). It is glued to the top of the spine of the book block and inserted into the block.
Gauze- cotton fabric of rare weave, finished with starch to increase rigidity and facilitate processing. Used as material for the first pasting of the spine.
Marroquin(from French marocain, maroquin - Moroccan) - embossed morocco with a beautiful and strong structure. Sometimes paper that imitated morocco was used for the covers of bindings.
Marbled paper- decorative paper with a “marble” pattern, obtained by immersing the paper in a ditch with water, on the surface of which oil paints float in the form of patterns.
Yapp- a type of binding with enlarged edges that overlap the edges of the sheets and completely cover them. Typically, this type of binding is soft, with rounded corners, and is used for religious books.
Overlay- a method of finishing leather binding by gluing pieces of leather of different colors and hand embossing the edges of these pieces for secure attachment.
Nahsatz(from German Nachsatz) - back endpaper, a structural element of a book binding in the form of a single-fold sheet of thick paper or a structure of two sheets connected by a strip of fabric, fastening the book block to the back side of the binding cover.
Uncut fold- “closed” pages obtained by folding the sheet at the leading edge and head of the notebook.
Sawed-off shotgun- edge of the book block. It can be covered with gold, decorated with special ornaments or designs, or torn.
Binding spine edging- the upper and lower edges of the binding spine material, folded inward and given the appropriate shape.
Salary- decorative covering of the binding cover of an ancient book, made of hard materials. Settings in the form of an independent continuous covering are especially characteristic of the Western European and Byzantine-Slavic Middle Ages. They were created from ivory, gold, silver, tin using chasing, casting, stamping, forging, niello, filigree; decorated with applied enamel and precious stones.
Spine tapping– giving the spine of a book block a mushroom shape. When beating, shoulders are formed.
Folding folds- giving the spine a mushroom shape to form support when folding the side of the binding.
Left behind- a strip of paper or thin cardboard, equal in width to the thickness of the spine of the processed book block. Pasted onto a book block or onto binding material between the sides.
Pagination- designation of pages or columns (columns) with sequential digital numbers.
Passepartout- a structural element of a publication in the form of a sheet of thick paper or thin cardboard onto which illustrative material is pasted, sometimes embossed.
Front edge- the front part of the book, opposite the spine. It is called so because initially the works were placed on a shelf with the front edge facing outward and the name of the work was applied to it with thick or thin paint or by burning.
Binding- a hard, durable covering of the finished publication, containing a number of its imprint information. It is an element of the artistic design of the publication and ensures its safety. This is a combination of a binding cover, functional additional elements glued to it, such as endpapers, gauze flaps and edging material, in addition, reinforcing parts.
Binding cover- the main part of the book binding, made of a single sheet of cardboard or cardboard sides covered with cover binding material, paper with a printed image; connected to the book block using endpapers.
Binding fonts- brass fonts used to type text printing forms for embossing on binding covers.
Selection- a method of assembling a book block from notebooks or sheets in the correct sequence.
Tuck- part of the covering of binding covers, folded onto their inner side. Can be decorated with a border.
Half-leather binding- a type of binding in which the spine and corners are covered with leather, and the covers or parts thereof are glued with handmade paper with various patterns.
Hollow spine- a binding spine design in which the cover material is glued to a paper sleeve previously glued to the spine of the book block. The design ensures free opening of notebooks made of hard paper and books in which inserts (tabs) are placed, and, in addition, facilitates the opening of books bound in hard material, such as thin parchment or coated canvas.
Curb- the part of the binding that goes around the edges of the covers and spine. Can be decorated with fine embossing.
Pre-embossing- applying an in-depth image to leather or fabric with a heated embossing tool, as an operation preceding gold or gold foil embossing.
I cut through– a transverse groove on the spine of a book block. Designed to deepen the cord on which the book is sewn.
U-turn- two adjacent pages of the open edition, left and right.
Disclosure of the publication- the ability of the sheets of an open publication to take a position parallel to the binding cover or cover. Serves as one of the indicators of the quality of printing of the publication; depends on the method of stitching notebooks, the direction of the paper fibers, the type of spine, and the crimping of the spine of the book block.
Reprint(from English to reprint - reprint, reprint) - a publication the release of which is carried out by reproducing (scanning) pages of a book, manuscript and other sources selected for reproduction without changing the text, but also without reproducing the features of materials (paper, binding) and printing ( defects, corrections, typos) of the previous edition.
Handwritten book- a book in which the text, ornamental decoration and illustrations are reproduced by hand, in contrast to a printed book, the reproduction of which is carried out using one of the printing methods.
Morocco(from Persian sakhtiyan) - a special type of leather, made in a special way from goat or sheep skins. It is distinguished by high strength, but at the same time softness and beauty.
Slime- a protective or reinforcing strip of paper or fabric, 5-7 cm wide, edging the spine fold of the endpaper.
Compound binding- an economical variant of binding, in which the cover of the spine and corners or the spine and the front margin of the sides is made of expensive material (for example, leather), and the cover of the rest of the sides is made of cheaper material (for example, fabric).
Slipway- identical in format, stacked on top of each other and aligned by pushing, paper sheets or prints.
Super ex libris(from lat. super - above and ex libris – from books) - a special owner's mark, usually imprinted on the cover (covers) or spine of the leather binding of a book. It represents a heraldic, monogram or other composition.
Gold leaf- an alloy of 22 carats of gold and two carats of silver, flattened by machine to a thickness of 0.0000025 cm and used for embossing titles and decorations on book bindings.
Notebooks- folded sheets of paper, usually containing 4, 8, 12, 16 or 32 pages and arranged in page order, form a book block.
Embossing- applying the title and decorative elements to the binding by pressing an engraving tool into the surface of the covering material. Stamping can be done in gold (gold foil or gold leaf), in color (colored foil) or blind (a dark or black print obtained under pressure, or using a heated tool, or by first dipping the stamp in printing ink).
Gold stamping- obtaining an imprint (drawing or text) on binding covers or spines using printing foil as a result of the force of a heated metal stamp.
Foil stamping- finishing process with foil, the binder of which, holding together the pigment particles in it, becomes viscous under the pressure of the printing elements of a heated stamp and firmly connects the pigment layer of the foil with the surface of the product.
Title page- the first output page of the publication, which contains basic information about it.
Torshoning(from French torchon - rag, straw wicker) - 1) (in printing) giving the spine of a book block roughness before applying glue for adhesive seamless fastening; 2) giving the edge of a book block a figured or rough surface as a special type of decoration.
Facsimile- accurate reproduction of handwritten text, signature, document.
fold- the fold of a sheet formed during folding.
Folding- bending sheets of paper to form notebooks by machine or by hand, aligning along the edges of the sheet.
Falchik- a strip of paper or fabric that, using vegetable or animal glue, is glued to the spine fold of a notebook or to individual inserts (diagrams, maps, etc.) for repairs or for strengthening.
Filigree ( watermark) - an image inside the paper, resulting in the process of its manufacture and which is visible through the light.
Folio- large format edition.
Endpapers(from German Vorsatz) – sheets of paper (two or more) located between the binding cover and the book block. One side of the endpaper is glued to the binding cover, while the other remains free and has a protective function, protecting the first/last pages of the book.
Publication format- size of the finished publication in width and height.
Frontispiece(French frontispiece, from Latin frons - forehead, front side, specio - I'm watching) - an illustration in a book, usually placed on the left side of the title page. This could be a portrait of the author of the book or its main character, a drawing reflecting the main idea, an illustration for a key episode, a photograph, a map.
Case(German Futteral, from Late Latin fotrum, fotrale - sheath, box) - cardboard box to protect the most valuable publications from damage during transportation. Can be an additional decorative and graphic means of book design.
Tail– the lower part of the book block.
Solid cover- binding, the covering of which is carried out with one piece of covering material.
Sherfovka leather - thinning the leather using a sanding machine or knife. Usually it involves chamfering the edges of the leather, thinning the spine, and the locations of the bandages.
Shmuttitul(from German Schmutztitel, from Schmutz - dirt and Titel - title, title) - 1) in early printed books an additional title placed before the title page to protect it from contamination and damage; 2) a modern title precedes a part, a chapter, and contains its short title and epigraph. It is usually located on the right printed page. It can be typesetting, drawing, combined, decorative and plot-illustrative.
Stamp- a printing form with a relief image of text, decor or design, used for embossing on the spine or binding cover.
Bookplate- (from Latin ex liblis - from books) - a book sign, a paper label, pasted by library owners onto a book, often on the inside of the binding. Typically, the bookplate contains the owner's surname and a drawing indicating his profession, interests, or the composition of the library.
- This is a special durable book coating that protects the book's sheets and increases their durability. At the same time, it represents one of the design elements and characterizes the book. The following types of binding exist:
Hard cover
With this type of binding, the book block is placed in a binding cover. A book block is formed by folding printed sheets, which are usually collected in notebooks of 8 pieces. These notebooks are subsequently sewn together with thread and adjusted to the desired format by trimming. The finished book block is placed in a binding cover. The binding cover consists of sheets of cardboard, which are covered with pre-bound material (balacron, laminated paper). The combination of the book block and the binding cover is carried out using the endpaper. The most common typeshardcover - these are 7BC and 7B.
Binding 7BC (cellophaneized)
For this type of binding, laminated matte or glossy polymer film is used as a paper cover. Matte lamination is often more expensive than glossy lamination and depends on the choice of pressing, which in turn is determined by the design concept. The standard is to use a polymer film equal to 32 microns. To design 7BC binding, digital and offset printing methods are used.
Binding 7B
Unlike 7BC binding, here instead of polymer film, paper vinyl, fabric, and leather are used as binding materials. And the cardboard of the binding cover is laminated with these materials. Images in 7B binding are embossed using a special stamp and gold or silver foil. For this purpose, special methods of embossing and embossing are used.
Softcover
This type of binding is used in the production of soft cover books. In this case, the pages in a book block can be formed into notebooks (as with hardcover) or compiled into a selection. In the first option, you get a book with thread sewing, i.e. stitched with threads, the internal block, and in the second - a seamless connection is made with the internal block on an adhesive basis (KBS). Making books insoftcover with thread fastening slightly increases the cost of the publication, but significantly increases its durability and convenience for the reader.
Adhesive seamless joint (CBS)
In this binding method, the book block is attached to the cover by gluing. For the most convenient and high-quality sizing, torsioning is used. In this case, transverse cuts are made on the spine of the block, which in turn are filled with glue during the book binding process.
Stapling
In this case, the internal block of the book is stitched with 2-3 staples, depending on the size. After such firmware, you get a brochure that looks like a school notebook. This method is called saddle stitching. There is another methodstaple binding - “stitch” fastening. When using this method, the appearance of the publication will resemble a book in KBS binding.
Spring fastening
Spring binding used in most cases for binding exhibition materials, office documentation, etc. In this case, the cover of the publication is connected to the internal block thanks to a metal or plastic spring. To do this, special holes are punched on the printed sheets along the future spine.
French binding
French binding is distinguished by a wide spine made of fabric or leather and rounded corners. French technology involves exclusively manual binding of books (sewing the block on laces), “hand made”, which hides labor-intensive and painstaking work. And therefore the cost of such binding is much more expensive than other types. UseFrench binding most often for gift and collector's editions.
Typographic binding
Typographic binding books is a classic book binding used by most printing houses in the process of printing books. Printed bound books make up the majority of all books in bookstores.
Office binder
Office binding - this was the previous name for the type of binding used by craftsmen of the 17th-18th centuries to make barn books. The peculiarity of this binding is that a book bound in this way opens 180 degrees, which is very convenient. Nowadays this type of binding is called composite hard binding. It uses fabric edging of the block and thick cardboard covers, both without finishing and with the covers facing with synthetic materials.
Diploma binding
The simplest and cheapest type of book binding, used for binding theses, term papers and dissertations. For this purpose, binding No. 7 is used, all-covered. Thanks to the new channel binding technology, a thesis can be bound in a few minutes.
Integral binding
Integral binding externally similar to solid, with the only difference being that the binding cover is made from a single piece of laminated cardboard. By simplifying the production technology, the cost is reduced, so the price of integral binding is lower than the price of hard binding. In terms of durability and weight, integral binding occupies an intermediate position between soft and hard binding and has recently become increasingly popular.
Channel binding