Activity - 1) a specific, human form of relationship to the outside world. the content of which is its expedient change in the interests of people; condition the existence of society. Activity includes the goal, means, result and the process itself. Activity is an organic unity of sensory-practical and theoretical forms.

2) a set of actions, operations, techniques (S. G. Molchanov).

Decentralization of education management is the principle of delegating certain competencies to the level of lower levels of management.

Diagnostics (< греч. - способность распознать) - study of signs characterizing the presence of defects in processes, objects to predict possible deviations in their work (or states); the doctrine of the methods and principles of recognition and identification.

Term D. widely used in medicine, automotive industry, etc. In the practice of education, it is better to use term"assessment", since assessment is a key procedure within the certification

Diversification (political knowledge; goals of the Bologna process).

"Organized Diversification" as one of the fundamental principles for the development of higher education. This implies, on the one hand, a careful attitude to the existing diversity of national systems, types of educational institutions, areas and types of training, content of training programs that represent a common value and potential for future development. On the other hand, this diversity and the desire to preserve it should not become an obstacle to uniting efforts, to bringing education systems closer together, to their convergence. This implies the need for a selective attitude towards diversification and its regulation in such a way that obstacles to inter-university and inter-country academic exchanges are removed, so that the comparability of qualifications of different countries is easily and openly established, and the remaining differences would stimulate the development of their education systems.

Diversification (from lat. diversus - different and facere - to do)– expansion of areas of activity.

[lat. diversus different + facere do] - diversity, diversified development.

The didactic complex is a combination of the following components: 1) curriculum; 2) educational materials; 3) formalized and non-formalized tasks that allow you to check the assimilation of the standard amount of educational information; 4) description of the ways of organizing the assimilation (teaching and learning) educational information and methods of cognitive activity, (a) forms of organization of training, b) sets of teaching methods, c) sets of teaching methods, d) teaching aids); 5) a set of techniques that allow identifying the degree of severity of individual parameters of the main areas of personality.

Didactic-methodical complex - (see educational and methodical complex) it is a didactic complex (educational materials) and methodological support (description of forms, methods, techniques and means of work) for teacher explaining how to work with the didactic complex.

Diploma - graduates from a university in the framework of a five-year one-stage model of education.

The educational program of a graduate is focused on the development and consolidation of practical professional skills.

Differentiation (< франц. - разность, различие) - division, dismemberment of the whole into parts according to the accepted basis.

Additional training sessions - a form of group or individual differentiated training that ensures the development of basic educational information (standard content of education of the relevant academic discipline) and ways of learning.

The unified state exam is a form of state assessment of the level of education of secondary school graduates.

Identification (social)- reproduction of social experience based on involvement in reproductive activities to master the basic social experience.

Change (changes)- change-transformation, which is of an intra-system nature, which means that a change in one of the components does not lead to a transformation of the system, its transition to a new quality. (see development)

Power Meter (expressions) one indicator in comparison with another; determinant "weight" indicator, its quantitative characteristics.

I. determines a) the number or range of the indicator; b) the frequency of some manifestation (the more often it is detected, the higher the value of the property); c) intensity, magnitude or strength of manifestation.

Measurement is carried out, often in the form of attributing a number to the measured objects. (phenomena) according to certain rules.

I. - a tool for evaluating the quantitative and qualitative features of the object of the phenomenon.

Individualization (social)- mastery, transformation, adaptation of social experience according to individual manifestations. Based on the assimilation of social experience, the individual partly develops, specializes his individual experience through “subjective discoveries”, realizing, thinking out, adding independently to one-sidedly or partially mastered social experience. The activity of society and the individual at this level of socialization is approximately the same.

Indicator - (pointer) device a device that displays a change in k. -l. parameter of the controlled technological process or object in the form most convenient for human perception. Apply visual, acoustic, tactile, etc.

Indicator (in the field of education)- group or individual expert assessment, reflecting quantitative or qualitative changes in any feature of the educational system (other educational facilities) in the form of expert judgment (about the sign of the object) or giving him numerical value.

Tool - a tool that allows you to establish the degree of severity of signs (properties, qualities) object, identify the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the object.

Integration (education) – (from lat. integratio - restoration, replenishment)- interconnectedness, system connection into a single whole and the corresponding process of establishing such connections, convergence, unification of organizations, industries, regions or countries, etc. (as opposed to differentiation) .

[< лат. integration восстановление, восполнение < integer целый] – объединение в целое каких-либо частей, элементов (opposite disintegration) .

Informal pedagogical education - non-institutionalized transmission from generation to generation carried out by social institutions teachers norms and values ​​of general and professional culture; learning process is the interaction between learners and objective pedagogical reality(Wednesday) and teacher does not recognize himself as an object of the learning process, during which he acquires the knowledge, skills and abilities of the poem.

Informal education is a non-institutionalized transfer from generation to generation of the norms and values ​​of a common culture carried out by social institutions; the learning process in it is the interaction between students and objective reality (Wednesday), and the student is not aware of himself as an object of the learning process, during which he masters new information and ways of cognitive activity.

In accordance with the accepted in Russia terminology(compared to terminology of the World Bank) additional education of children can be qualified as informal education (See also - Informal O.).

Quality is a philosophical category that expresses the essential certainty of an object, thanks to which it is precisely this and not another. Quality is an objective and universal characteristic of objects, which is found in the totality of their properties” (247, p. 567).

"... an objective and universal characteristic of objects, which is found in the totality of their properties ..." (1, p. 560)

The quality of education - when determining the essence and meaning of this definition, it is necessary, first of all, to determine the philosophical understanding term(concepts)"quality".

The quality of education is the degree of manifestation of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of education as a function of the state, as an education system, as an educational system.

Quality is a holistic set of properties, their connections and relationships that distinguish one object or one phenomenon from another. Quality is a holistic, relatively stable set of properties that determines the specifics of a given object or phenomenon.

The quality of knowledge is an integral set of relatively stable properties of knowledge that characterize the result of educational and cognitive activity of students .

Our understanding is this. Quality is inherent in any object (object or phenomenon) and the subject, but it manifests itself only in relations with other subjects. It is perceived by the subject as a sign, property, characteristic. The severity of the trait in the individual or public consciousness (socially significant norm, value) and there is a level of quality. Consequently, quality is a concrete historical norm about the degree of expression of one or another feature of the object or phenomenon under consideration.

The quality of education is the quality of all features of the object - education. The difficulty is that terminological confusion makes it difficult to understand the definition. This is due to the fact that in some cases education is understood as a) the education system, b) the process of obtaining education, c) the level of education, etc. If we consider all these definitions of EDUCATION. as its features (properties), then it is necessary to continue the description of each of these complex features through the set of features of the 2nd order, then the 3rd, etc., i.e., to the level required by the researcher or manager in order to isolate such signs (objects), the dynamics of which could be controlled and tools could be created to measure the degree of their severity.

The quality of education is the degree of manifestation of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of education as a function of the state, as an education system, as an educational system.

The quality of knowledge, skills and abilities or "key" competencies - an integral set of relatively stable properties of knowledge that characterize the result of educational and cognitive activity of students (T. I. Shamova, T. M. Davydenko). K. inherent in any object (object or phenomenon) and the subject, but manifests itself only in relations with other subjects. K. is perceived by the subject as a sign, property, characteristic. The severity of the trait in the individual (individual norm, value) or public consciousness (socially significant norm, value) and there is the level of K. K. - a concrete historical norm that fixes the degree of expression of one or another feature of an object or phenomenon.

K. - the degree of severity of h. y. n. or k.k., in relation to their required representation in the education of the subject in the form of the mastered content of education.

Qualimetry - methods for quantifying quality (from lat. qualis - what kind of quality) sign of an object or an object as a whole.

Cluster - group (Class) objects, united by a common feature (s). (S. G. Molchanov).

Cluster analysis - 1) “a mathematical procedure for multivariate analysis that allows, based on a set of indicators characterizing a number of objects (for example, subjects, to group them into classes (clusters) in such a way that objects belonging to one class are more homogeneous, similar in comparison with objects belonging to other classes. Based on the numerically expressed parameters of objects, the distances between them are calculated, which can be expressed both in the Euclidean metric (the most commonly used, and in other metrics. The cluster analysis method has found wide application in psycholinguistics” (219, p. 162);

2) the division of the whole into parts and the assignment of each part to a specific group, type, class on a common basis.

Qualification - [cf. -lat. qualification< лат. quails какой, какого качества + facere делать – 1) характеристика предмета, явления, отнесение его к какой-либо категории, группе; 2) степень и уровень профессиональной подготовленности к какому-либо виду труда; 3) профессия, специальность .

(from lat. quails - what kind of quality)- 1) definition of quality, evaluation, characterization of something; 2) the degree of suitability, the level of preparedness for any type of work; 3) profession, specialty acquired as a result of training

(In Great Britain) certification of a student's achievement or competency, indicating the type and title of training, which qualifies the student to enter and continue to advance academically and professionally.

In Russia, this is not a document on education (as indicated in the 1997 Lisbon Convention signed by Russia, but only an entry in a document issued to graduates. This is a special position in a diploma that claims not to be academic, but to be professional in nature (for example, specialty "Jurisprudence", qualification "Lawyer") . In accordance with the Lisbon Convention, an academic qualification is a document issued upon graduation from a higher educational institution, and not an entry in this document, as we are used to. Our record speaks, rather, of a professional qualification, which may or may not be in the document issued by the educational institution. In the latter case, a document on professional qualifications, if necessary, is issued by the relevant professional community (as a rule, after the applicant for such a qualification has received some work experience upon completion of theoretical training).

Diploma comparison. "Equivalence" involves full legal (and actual) the equivalence of documents on education, established on the basis of comparative studies of all conditions and requirements necessary to obtain them in the compared educational institutions.

"Confession" establishes the legal conformity of levels of education, but reserves the right for the contracting parties to introduce additional requirements for admission to educational institutions or employment, different from those that apply to persons with national educational documents, degrees and titles.

Naturally, we are talking about the academic recognition of the relevant documents.

Qualification ( (PPKv and PUKv)- measure of effectiveness (economy, operationality, adequacy) professional and pedagogical(- managerial impact and interaction in the current educational space.

Convention [< лат. conventio договор, соглашение] – международный договор, соглашение по какому-либо специальному вопросу, напр. железнодорожная, почтовая конвенции, конвенция по охране авторских прав .

An international treaty on some special issue that establishes the mutual rights and obligations of the contracting parties (usually multilateral); Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, Geneva Conventions of 1949

A convention, unlike a declaration, is a binding legal instrument.

Conversion - (convertibility) diplomas

Convertibility (from lat. convertere to change, transform)- convertibility, the ability of the national currency to be freely exchanged for a foreign one in any form and in all types of transactions without restrictions.

Concept (from Latin - understanding, system)- a certain way of understanding, interpretation of a phenomenon, the main point of view.

Communicative abilities are the abilities of a person that ensure the effectiveness of her communicative activity, primarily communication with other personalities, and psychological compatibility in activities. Communication skills are an essential component of organizational skills and leadership abilities.

Competence -

1) (from lat. - I achieve, I correspond, I approach)- 1) terms of reference provided by law, charter or other act of a specific body or official;

2) occupations and experience in this or that area.

2) [ < лат. competere добиваться; соответствовать, подходить] – 1) круг полномочий какого-л. органа или должностного лица; 2) круг вопросов, в которых кто-л. хорошо осведомлен (7, p. 295).

3) - a set of theoretical ideas about the object and practical ways of working with this object.

Competence - 1) possession of competence; 2) the possession of knowledge to judge smth. (7, p. 295).

Competence (professional)- a set of educational, professional, socio-professional, social and personal competencies.

Competence ( professional and pedagogical or professional managerial (PPK and PUK) is a system concept that defines the scope of competencies, terms of reference in the field of professional and pedagogical activity. In a narrower sense, under professional and pedagogical competence refers to the range of issues in which the subject has knowledge, experience; the totality of which reflects the socio-professional status and professional and pedagogical qualification, as well as certain personal, individual characteristics (abilities that provide the possibility of implementing a certain professional activity.

Qualification, in turn, is provided by the initial or corrected level of mastery of the content of the taught academic disciplines, teaching methods, methods pedagogical impacts and interactions, theories pedagogy and educational psychology, the level of practical skills, abilities, creative activity teacher(182)

The CPC also defines the scope of competencies, terms of reference teacher in the social sphere, especially in that part of it that is directly adjacent to the professional sphere itself. Based on this, the PPC should fix its social aspect, which reflects the characteristics of the profession. teacher as a representative of a group of professions in the social sphere.

The main relationships between the components of the system concept professional and pedagogicalcompetence can be described in the following diagram:

Table 1

Relations between the components of the concept

“professional and pedagogical competence”

PROFESSIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE

PROFESSIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL QUALIFICATION SOCIO-PROFESSIONAL STATUS

Professional and pedagogical practical readiness and theoretical readiness Social status teacher in the social system (outward facing aspect)

Productivity professional and pedagogical activities Social status teacher in the educational system (inward facing aspect)

Professionally significant personality traits

The above ideas about the content of the concept « professional and pedagogical competence» are the basis for the content of the method of expert assessments recommended by the current Standard Regulations on Certification (182) . However, in order to evaluate professional and pedagogical competence, it is necessary, first of all, to describe the whole set of concepts that describe the space of this term, as well as their interrelationships and interdependencies.

All this will allow us to objectively evaluate professional and pedagogical competence of the pedagogical(managerial) employee as part of his attestation.

It should be noted that in certification, when assigning qualification categories, one should not discuss and take into account personal professionally significant features, but they need to be evaluated. But just to help teacher or the manager to build a personality-oriented trajectory for the growth of professional competence and productivity.

Convergence (educational systems of European countries) – [< лат. convergere приближаться, сходиться] – схождение, сближение .

Competitiveness (European system of higher education)- a set of consumer properties of a given product or product, characterizing their difference from a competitor's product in terms of the degree of compliance with specific social needs, taking into account the costs of satisfying them, prices, etc.

concentric - the union of a set of educational units (competencies, around a common center for them ( "key" competence) and their systematic shuttle presentation (from the educational unit to the center or from the center to the educational unit along different radii).

Communiqué [fr. communicate< лат. communicare сообщать] – официальное правительственное сообщение о международных переговорах и соглашениях, о важных событиях во внутренней жизни страны (напр., конференциях, совещаниях, о ходе военных действий и т. д.

The system of credits is a very effective mechanism for comparing quantitative and qualitative indicators of the level of students' preparation, allowing, on the basis of objective criteria, to establish an individual rating of each student based on the results of training;

Tool for improving the quality of education;

A certain philosophy of education, focused on the transition of educational institutions from collectivist to individualistic forms of education, forms of organization of the educational process convenient for the market of educational services - and therefore, to a market understanding of the quality of education, when the price characteristics of their educational activities become a key aspect of the functioning of educational institutions.

It is intended to measure the results of previous education and form a unified approach to ensuring academic mobility within the framework of interuniversity exchanges. It is used in many countries of the world as a measure of comparable quantitative assessments of the volume of various educational programs, the importance of their constituent academic disciplines, as well as periods of study.

Is a measure of activity, not quality, acts as a surrogate for goals and achievements (–) ; simplicity, flexibility and the ability to trust the results (+) .

The system of credit units is a systematic way of describing educational programs by assigning credit units to its components (disciplines, courses, etc.) .

Offset - type of verification test (in higher education, in sports achievements) .

Credit unit ( credit) is a unit of measurement by which all education received is described in the diploma supplement.

"credit unit" called ‘credit’ in English (confidence) and cannot be translated into Russian as "credit" .

It makes sense term"credit unit" use as a Russian-language counterpart terms"credit hour" or "credit", since in national languages ​​in a number of European countries these terms are denoted as"credit conversion units", which is semantically consonant with their meaning in Russian.

Credit [< лат. creditum ссуда, долг < credere верить] – 1) предоставление в долг на определенный срок товаров или денежных средств, как правило, с уплатой процента; 2) включенная в смету сумма, в пределах которой разрешен расход на определенные цели; 3) доверие .

At present, there is no clear understanding term"credit". The meaning of this concept is not limited to the definition of a unit of measure of academic load - to the fact that a credit hour is a larger unit compared to an academic hour. The use of credit in the educational process has a wider purpose: it is considered as one of the most convenient parameters for assessing and comparing the results for any period of study in different educational institutions and, therefore, as an effective tool for streamlining lifelong education and ensuring academic mobility. So, credit hour allows: 1)take into account the relative importance of various types of classes for a given academic discipline: lectures, seminars, laboratory, etc.; 2) to determine the significance of a particular discipline studied by a student, its relative contribution to the final average indicator received by him at the end of any period of study; 3) to rank students according to the results of training and to identify, on the basis of objective indicators, an individual rating of each of them.

The use of a credit hour makes it possible to switch to an asynchronous organization of the educational process, which creates the prerequisites for the development of academic mobility both within the country and abroad.

Credit is a quantitative indicator of the adequacy of education, which is assigned to a student as confirmation of the reliability of achieving learning outcomes at a given level.

With regard to the system of higher professional education, the definition of credit is based on various parameters, such as the overall labor intensity of the student's work or the time of contact with the teacher when mastering the discipline of the curriculum, the results of his learning.

Credit is also a way to quantify learning outcomes - a set of competencies (what the student will know, understand or be able to master after completing the learning process).

Credit [< лат. credit он верит] – правая сторона бухгалтерских счетов; в активе кредит представляет расходную часть, куда заносятся все расходы по данному счету, а в счетах пассива – приходную часть, в которой группируются все поступления по счету .

Stress on the first syllable (from lat. credit - he believes)- confidence; in Russian, it is customary to use credit as an economic term, which means the right side of an account opened to any person, on which the amounts due to him or the amounts received on the account of any person are entered. Lending means "to write down the amount in the credit of the account".

Using credit as term related to education is a new aspect of this concept for the Russian language and mentality. In the educational process under the concept "credit"the following is implied:

1) each discipline has its own index of labor intensity for its development, which is the number of hours per week allotted for its study, this refers not only to classroom studies, but also to the time that the student must spend on extracurricular independent work. The same number is equal to the number of credits (credits received by the student after completing the study of the discipline;

2) the number of credits also shows the share of a particular discipline in the total annual workload (lectures, seminars, laboratory classes, tests, exams, etc., since the educational institution determines in advance the amount of credits that must be earned in order to master the full program, for example, a bachelor's or master.

There are two types of credit used in the world system: credit-hour and credit-point. A credit hour corresponds to the number of hours per week devoted to the study of a given discipline during one semester. A credit point corresponds to the full workload of a student, more precisely, the amount of work expended in studying any unit of study, such as a module.

The number of credits awarded for the discipline (course) is strictly fixed and does not depend on the quality of the student's preparation. Credits are awarded to the student only for successful work. The quality of the student's work is not reflected by credits, but by grades on the ECTS scale, according to which for grades A, B , C, D and E credits accrue, while FX and F grades do not accrue credits.

Credit hour - (in the USA) semester volume of the training course taught one lecture hour (50 min.) per week, along with the hours of practical training, laboratory work, independent work of the student allocated for this course, as well as the time allotted for assessing the development of this course by trainees.

A credit consortium is a group of educational institutions united on a voluntary basis and cooperating in the development and use of credit systems. Each consortium puts forward a specific scheme for accumulating and transferring credits.

The credit system is a system for quantifying the content of an educational program. The rating system is a system for quantifying the quality of its development.

Credit-credit systems, as a rule, proceed from the understanding of credit as a unit for assessing labor costs for the development of an educational program or its part.

Credit-accumulative systems basically define credit as a unit for evaluating the results of mastering educational programs - acquired knowledge, skills and abilities.

Student rating - an individual comprehensive assessment of his performance in all areas of educational activity (mastering the disciplines of the curriculum; passing all types of practices; passing the final state exam; performing and defending final qualifying works).

Rating (English rating)- 1) assessment, classification; assignment to a particular class, category, rank; significance score, the popularity of a person or phenomenon relative to others similar to him; 2) position, class, rank, rank.

When organizing the educational process, it is necessary to use a rating system for assessing the quality of mastering modules (courses, disciplines) educational program, bearing in mind the conformity of the actual results (knowledge, competencies, etc.) planned. It should be noted that the assessment of the quality of mastering the educational program should be a) individual and b) absolute as a measure of compliance with the Educational Standard (rather than relative in a group of students). The rating system for assessing the quality of mastering the educational program involves the current control of the success of the student's cognitive activity during the semester and the final control during the session.

Module [< лат. modulus мера] – отделяемая, относительно самостоятельная часть какой-либо системы, организации, устройства

AT pedagogical "functional node"contains two features

Criterion -

1) (from the Greek. kriterion - a means for judgment)- a sign on the basis of which an assessment, definition or classification of something is made; evaluation yardstick.

(from the Greek kriterion - a distinctive feature, measure, means of judgment) - the basis on which something is evaluated, defined or classified; evaluation yardstick.

Well (training)- a systematic presentation of any science or its separate part, which in general education programs act as subjects (for example, mathematics consists of algebra, geometry, etc.; chemistry - of organic and inorganic chemistry).

Well (elective)- a course of study that can be chosen by the student.

Linear (building the content of education)– combining a set of educational units (competencies) in line (along with other competencies) for their consistent systematic presentation along a trajectory close to a straight line.

Student-centered educational process - the process of education and training, taking into account personal (cognitive, emotional-volitional and effective-practical) characteristics of the student; his needs, as well as realizing

A personal approach to learning is a system of specially selected methods (interactions) that provides an adequate impact on the cognitive, emotional-volitional and effective-practical spheres of the individual.

License - permission for the right to conduct educational activities.

Master [< лат. magister начальник; наставник] – в ряде стран – вторая академическая степень, присуждаемая лицам, окончившим университет или приравненное к нему высшее учебное заведение и имеющим степень бакалавра, прошедшим дополнительный курс в течение 1–2 лет, сдавшим специальный экзамен и защитившим диссертацию ;

second, middle (between Bachelor and PhD) scientific degree in most foreign countries in the system of multi-stage higher education, awarded to persons who graduated from a university, college or university (having a bachelor's degree, after 1–2 years of study and public defense of a diploma or master's thesis.

Master (from "master") - the system and form of training of specialists with completed higher education (with bachelor's degree) in most Western countries, within 1–2 years, with the defense of a diploma or master's thesis;

(graduate)- the second cycle of a two-stage higher education, focused on the development of creative abilities.

Graduates of the second level must:

7) master the subject area at an advanced level, that is, master the latest methods and techniques (research, know the latest theories and their interpretations;

8) critically monitor and comprehend the development of theory and practice;

9) master the methods of independent research and be able to explain its results at an advanced level;

10) be able to make an original contribution to the discipline in accordance with the canons of this subject area, for example, as part of a qualifying work;

11) demonstrate originality and creativity;

12) master competencies at a professional level.

The educational program of the master is focused on the piecewise preparation of scientific and scientific and pedagogical highly qualified workers.

Function management in the educational system - 1) maintaining the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the components of the educational system (c.o.s.) at baseline; 2) ensuring the constant compliance of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the f.o. with. changing external and internal the conditions of its functioning; 3) designing new elements of a f.o. s., the introduction of which does not imply a change in its current state and transfer to a new one; 4) generation of new norms for the functioning of a f.o. s., leading to a shift in emphasis (redistribution "by weight" contributions) of the system-forming features of the f.o. with. within the framework of its current state as a system; 5) forecasting new norms and k.o. s., changing its current state in accordance with the established (identified during peer review) trends in the development of the socio-educational system as a whole, and each K. o. s., in particular.

Management in the educational system - the presentation of requirements a) negative, aimed at the termination of any actions or the existence of objects; b) neutral, aimed at maintaining, providing and constructing any actions or objects; c) positive, meaning the generation and forecasting or initiation of fundamentally different from the previous (traditional) actions within the educational system and outside it in situations where the previous framework does not allow these actions to be carried out.

In this case, all three groups of requirements (negative, neutral and positive) are carried out according to certain technological chains, which can be presented as a classification according to the degree of their relevance to the current state of the educational system: 1) promising and 2) operational.

Method (upbringing, training)- way professional and pedagogical impact(interaction that provides changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the object of influence (interactions).

Teaching methods - .... the development of educational units (competences, i.e. the assimilation of theoretical ideas about the units of the content of education and how to work with them.

Teaching methods are ways of organizing teaching and learning that ensure the assimilation of educational and cognitive information and the development of methods of cognitive activity.

Methodical work - an integral part professional and pedagogical(-managerial) activities in which theoretical products are created that provide pedagogical or management actions. The subject of methodological work is not only the means professional and pedagogical communication but also the content of learning (educational materials).

Mobility - [< фр. mobile < лат. mobilis] – подвижность .

Mobility (principle) [< фр. mobile < лат. mobilis– подвижный]

– access of students to all educational services; teachers, researchers and administrative staff should be recognized and credited for periods of time spent in Europe – for research, internships and teaching, without prejudice to their rights.

The ability of students to acquire loans, including those outside higher education institutions (including continuing education), and re-credit them when condition recognition by the respective universities of the organizations that issue them.

In Russia, it is preferable to talk rather than about territorial (spatial) mobility, but about professional mobility, carried out within a particular region.

The mobility of specialists is the desire not only to improve their qualifications within the limits of the previously obtained, but also to obtain a new one.

AT conditions It would be more expedient for Russia to develop the so-called "virtual mobility" associated with the organic inclusion in the educational process contemporary information technologies. With their help, it would be possible to minimize the time of separation of students from "why home", bring the training itself as close as possible to what is really required in a particular regional labor market. (see regionalization, regionalization of the labor market).

Modernization is a change, an improvement that meets modern requirements(SES, p. 817).

Module - conventional unit, fixing the size, the volume of one of the elements of the content of education, used to coordinate the size of the parts of the training course (in academic hours, in educational units, in the forms of training, in the forms of training sessions, methods, techniques, tools, etc.) its relatively independent part, which can be assigned numerical value.

Module [< лат. modulus мера] – отделяемая, относительно самостоятельная часть какой-либо системы, организации, устройства (e.g. spacecraft module); a functionally completed node that is part of a specific system and has the property of substitutability.

Modules are thematically completed sections into which the material of the academic discipline is divided.

Some part of the whole in the learning system, clearly defined by functional properties; training module - a fragment of the program unified in structure, designed as its independent part and intended primarily for individual training. A module can be studied for one or two semesters and is estimated at 10 or 20 credits, which characterizes the time that must be spent on studying it. How these hours are distributed by types of educational activities depends on the content of the module, but in any case, the time spent on independent work of students is also taken into account.

Modules are logical blocks into which the program material of the course is divided (subject, representing the completed cycle of educational work. Most often, this is one or more topics. As structural and logical independent modules (in each academic discipline) individual topics or sections, term papers, individual program tasks for independent study of theoretical material, etc. can be considered. Threshold rating values ​​in points are developed for these modules, which are set to students as an assessment depending on the quality and timing of assignments.

A module is a complete set of knowledge, skills and abilities, united by a logical connection, corresponding to a fragment (block, functional unit) educational program of the training course [Galochkin A. I., Bazarnova N. G., Markin V. I., Kasko N. S. Problem-modular learning technology // Sociology and education on the threshold of the third millennium. Materials of reports. and. speeches of section XI. - Barnaul, 1996].

AT pedagogical In a sense, a functional unit is a certain integrity, which is at the same time a subsystem of a wider system. In concept "functional node"contains two features: the knot as the integrity and functioning of this formation, the dynamics inherent in nature.

A modular program is a system of means, techniques, with the help and through which the ultimate goal of training is achieved. Thus, the modular program includes elements of cognitive activity management and, together with the teacher, helps to effectively use the study time.

The educational material included in the module should be such a complete block of information that it is possible to construct a complete modular program from individual modules. At the same time, the modular program should ensure the assimilation of the subject in accordance with the State Educational Standard, as well as provide an opportunity for a higher level of assimilation of educational material.

Monitoring - 1) constant observation of any process in order to identify its compliance with the desired result or initial assumptions; 2) observation, assessment and forecast of the state of the environment in connection with human economic activity.

Monitoring (educational)- 1) constant monitoring of the educational process with the help of standardized tools in order to identify its compliance with a posteriori given quantitative and qualitative indicators taken from the indicators established in certain of its "points", and establishing compliance with the desired result or initial assumptions; 2) observation, assessment and forecast of the state of the educational system in connection with the socio-political and economic situation within the country and abroad.

Monitoring (educational)- a system for organizing the collection, storage, processing and dissemination of information about the functioning of the educational system, which ensures continuous monitoring of its state and forecasting its development.

Monitoring of the learning process - continuous monitoring of the processes of teaching and learning.

M. of the teaching process is carried out as part of the demonstration of training sessions and the presentation of their abstracts (training materials, forms of training, forms of training sessions, methods, techniques and teaching aids) during certification teaching staff. M. is implemented within the framework of methodological, scientific and methodological work and additional professional and pedagogical education.

M. the learning process is carried out as part of the intermediate and final certification according to the following indicators: educational information, ways of cognitive activity, ways of social behavior (in the educational space, ways of introverted activity (e.g. health-saving). The indicators are the quantity of mastered content of education and the quality (degree of expression) mastery of each unit of educational content.

Monitoring of education is a system of intermediate and final certification, including the Unified State Examination, provided with control and measuring materials.

Nostrification (diplomas)- the approach used in the practical solution of issues of equivalence and recognition of diplomas of higher education, academic degrees and titles; is based on the results of a comparative analysis of education systems, which determines the general criteria for assessing the levels of education, diplomas, degrees and titles (For more on aspects of analysis, see 2.6.) .

Nostrification of documents on education, recognition and establishment of the equivalence of a diploma or other document on general education, primary, secondary and higher and postgraduate professional education, on the award of an academic title, carried out abroad by a university or other scientific institution. The recognition of documents of foreign states is understood as the consent of the relevant authorities to the validity of these documents in the territory of the Russian Federation. Federation. Nostrification is within the competence of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. Establishing the equivalence of documents on the education of foreign states means that public authorities must provide the holders of these documents with the same academic and (or) professional rights, as the holders of documents Ros. Federation. Nostrification of documents of foreign countries does not release

N. E. Dzhumaeva, A. R. Sokhibov

KARSHI - 2014

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

KARSHI STATE UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF PEDAGOGY

DZHUMAEVA N.E. SOKHIBOV A.R.

PEDAGOGICAL TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Pedagogy-Psychology, Karshi State University, Protocol No. 1 dated 28.08. 2013;

Scientific and Methodological Council of the Faculty of Pedagogy-Psychology of Karshi State University, Protocol No. 4 of 25.11. 2013

Scientific and Methodological Council of Karshi State University, Protocol No. 3 dated 25.01. 2014

Academic Council of Karshi State University, Protocol No. 6 dated 25.01. 2014

Responsible editor:

Nishanova S.K. - doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor.

Reviewers:

Kurasova N.V.- Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Russian Language and Literature

Eshmuradov E.E.– Ph.D., Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedagogy

Ochilova N.M.- Ph.D., Head of the Department of Pedagogy of Primary Education, Karshi Pedagogical College

annotation

The terminological dictionary on pedagogy is intended primarily for teachers and students, but will be of interest to psychologists, sociologists, as well as students and applicants.

The Pedagogical Terminological Dictionary was created to organize vocabulary on pedagogical topics and is designed to make it easier for readers to understand modern pedagogical terms in order to more accurately define the subject when analyzing the content of the dictionary.

This terminological dictionary provides interpretations of not only pedagogical terms and concepts, but also information about teachers, philosophers and prominent thinkers of the East, as well as catch phrases and aphorisms about education and training.

This terminological dictionary will provide an opportunity for independent study of pedagogical terms and concepts by future specialists in all areas of undergraduate studies and is recommended for teachers and students of higher educational institutions, as well as for students and applicants.

PEDAGOGICAL TERMS AND CONCEPTS

The main tasks facing higher education are to organize the knowledge of future specialists according to the requirements of modernity, equip them with the basics of each subject, in order to fulfill the requirements of the "Law on Education", as well as the "National Training Program", to develop their mental thinking at the highest level.

In Uzbekistan, a course has been chosen and is being implemented to build a socially oriented democratic state of law and civil society. The main goal and driving force of the transformations carried out in the republic is a person, his comprehensive development and improvement of his well-being.

Changes are constantly taking place in all spheres of human activity: in scientific and technical, economic, social, cultural. These changes are reflected in the language, in particular, in terminology. The vocabulary of pedagogy, like any science, is in constant motion. In the conditions of modern modernization and informatization of the education system, a significant transformation of the content of many concepts of pedagogy has taken place, some institutions have been renamed, educational institutions of a new type have appeared, tendencies have appeared to actively involve foreign borrowings, introduce terms of other (related) sciences into pedagogy, saturate terminology with neologisms (for example, " tutor"). The influx of new terms also occurs due to the growth of terms-metaphors and terms-phrases (for example, "Open education", "Management in education").

Pedagogical terminology has a long history. Pedagogical terminology began to develop approximately a thousand years ago, and many pedagogical concepts developed much earlier than they took shape in terms. The first mention of the goals of education is found in proverbs, sayings, fairy tales, epics. With the advent of writing and then printing, with the further growth of culture and education, with the expansion of contacts with other countries, material was accumulated for compiling the first dictionaries on pedagogy. Now there are many conceptual and terminological encyclopedias, dictionaries and reference books on pedagogy.

The terminological dictionary on pedagogy has been prepared on the basis of modern sources (current literature of recent years): encyclopedic dictionaries, reference books on pedagogy, individual author's works and articles.

The presented dictionary is an attempt to reflect the current state of pedagogical science in a terminological context.

TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARY

abstraction- the process of thinking, as a result of which a person, abstracting from the inessential, forms concepts, ascending from the concrete to the abstract, filling the abstract with concrete content.

Enrollee -(novolat. abituriens - about to leave) - a graduate of a secondary educational institution who has received a matriculation certificate. It is also used in the meaning: applying for admission to another educational institution.

abstinence(from Latin abs - because of, teneo - hold on) - a condition that occurs as a result of the cessation of alcohol or drugs with a sudden break in their intake. Characteristic manifestations of And. are headache, dizziness, dry mouth, tachycardia, nausea, depressed mood, insomnia, fear, anxiety, suicide attempts.

Avesta- a collection of sacred books of Zoroastrianism (fire worshipers) of the peoples of the Near and Middle East. It was written in the 7th - 6th centuries. BC. and consisted of 21 books, 3 books have survived to this day, it was an encyclopedia of its era and for centuries served as a textbook for students.

The authority of the teacher the significance of the teacher's merits generally recognized by students and the strength of his educational influence based on this. Among these virtues are erudition, pedagogical skill, the ability to link theory and practice, optimism, and fairness.

Aggressiveness- purposeful destructive behavior that is contrary to the norms and rules of the coexistence of people in society, causing physical harm or causing negative experiences, a state of tension, fear, depression. Aggressive actions can act as a means to achieve any goal, as a way of mental relaxation, satisfaction of a blocked need of a person and switching activities, as a form of self-realization and self-affirmation.

Adaptation- adaptability.

Adaptation- adaptation of organisms to specific conditions of existence.

Adaptation- the ability of the organism (personality, function) to adapt to various environmental conditions. Bringing the personality into a state that provides stable behavior in typical problem situations without pathological changes in the structure of the personality.

social adaptation- the process and result of a person's active adaptation to the conditions and requirements of the social environment. Its content is the convergence of the goals and value orientations of the group and the individual included in it, the assimilation of group norms, traditions, social attitudes, and the assumption of social roles. It is one of the mechanisms of socialization of the individual.

Adaptation (social) is a process that ensures a painless entry of a person into society, adaptation to it on the basis of voluntary acceptance of social norms and requirements, mastering practice-oriented knowledge and communication skills necessary for harmonizing interpersonal relations in a socio-cultural environment.

Adjunct -(lat. Adjunctus - attached, assistant) - a person preparing for scientific and pedagogical work in higher military educational institutions. In Western Europe and pre-revolutionary Russia (at the Academy of Sciences, at universities); 2. assistant professor or academician.

Personal activity(from lat. activus - active) - the active attitude of the individual to the world, the ability to produce socially significant transformations of the material and spiritual environment based on the development of the historical experience of mankind; manifested in creative activity, volitional acts, communication. It is formed under the influence of the environment and upbringing.

Acmeology- a science that studies the patterns and factors for achieving the heights of professionalism, creative longevity of a person.

Acceleration- accelerating the growth and development of children and adolescents, as well as the onset of puberty at an earlier age.

Axiology- a science that studies the philosophical doctrine of values.

Axiological The (value) approach in culture considers culture as the totality of all the wealth and values ​​of society accumulated in the process of its development. These values ​​exist in material and spiritual forms.

Accentuation of character (personality)- excessive strengthening of individual character traits and their combinations, representing extreme variants of the norm (excitability, aggressiveness, isolation, anxiety, irritability, impressionability, suspicion, resentment, etc. (; they tend to socially positive and socially negative development in depending on the influences of the environment and upbringing.The author of the term is the German psychologist and psychiatrist K.Leonhard.Knowledge of A.H.(L.) is necessary for the teacher in the study and understanding of pupils and the implementation of an individual approach to them.

Personal activity- the active attitude of a person to the world, his ability to produce socially significant transformations of the material and spiritual environment; manifested in creative activity, volitional acts, communication.

Altruism- disinterested concern for the welfare of others and readiness to sacrifice one's personal interests for others.

Ambivalence- duality of experience, when the same person simultaneously causes opposite feelings.

Analysis- in the literal sense, the dismemberment (imaginary or real) of an object into elements. In a broad sense, it is synonymous with research in general. Self-analysis is one of the most important conditions for increasing the efficiency of the pedagogical process, the growth of the teacher's professionalism; mental or real division of the subject into its constituent parts, each of which is then studied in order to be combined through synthesis into a single whole, enriched with new knowledge.

Lesson Analysis- analysis of the content of the lesson in its constituent parts from different points of view to evaluate it as a whole; is one of the main ways of studying and summarizing experience, an indispensable condition for improving pedagogical skills.

Questionnaire- a methodological tool for obtaining primary sociological and psychological information based on verbal (verbal) communication, a form of correspondence survey, united by a single research plan; a system of questions aimed at identifying the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of an object or subject of analysis.

Questionnaire- a method of mass collection of material using specially designed questionnaires (questionnaires).

Analytical Skills- theoretical analysis of facts and phenomena.

Andragogy- a section of didactics that reveals and develops the principles of adult education.

Anthropology The science that studies the biological nature of man.

Anthropology pedagogical- the philosophical base of education, which allows us to understand the structure of education, only correlating it with the structure of the integral nature of man; “the study of man in all manifestations of his nature with a special application to the art of education” (K.D. Ushinsky); Education in Anthropology is understood as an attribute of human existence.

Alalia- absence or underdevelopment of speech due to organic damage to the speech zones of the cerebral cortex in the prenatal or early period of child development.

Alcoholism- alcohol abuse. It is customary to single out: domestic drunkenness, chronic alcoholism, alcoholic psychoses.

abnormal children- children with deviations from normal mental and (or) physical development, overcoming the consequences of which requires the use of special corrective techniques.

Anomaly- a pathological deviation from the norm in the functions of the body and its parts, a deviation from the general patterns of development.

Antonyms are different words related to the same part of speech, but opposite in meaning (good - evil, mighty - powerless). The opposition of antonyms in speech is a vivid source of speech expression that enhances the emotionality of speech: He was weak in body, but strong in spirit.

Asphyxia- suffocation that occurs in children at birth in the event of a cessation of oxygen from the mother's body through the placenta.

Autism- a painful state of the psyche, characterized by a person's focus on their experiences, moving away from the real outside world.

Approbation(lat. approbatio - verification) - approval, approval based on research, experimental verification.

affective- emotionally colored.

psychological barrier- a motive that prevents the performance of certain activities or actions, in particular communication with an individual or a group of people.

Batavia plan (Batavian system)- a system of individual education that arose in America at the end of the 19th century.

Bell-Lancaster system- a system of mutual learning, in which in elementary school older and more successful students (monitors) under the guidance of a teacher conducted classes with the rest of the students. Originated at the end of the 18th century. in India, and at the beginning of the XIX century. - in England. This system was opposed by supporters of developmental education.

Conversation- 1) a question-answer method of involving students in discussion, analysis of actions and development of moral assessments; 2) a method of obtaining information based on verbal (verbal) communication; 3) teaching method. Types: catechetical, or reproductive, - aimed at consolidating, checking the studied material by repeating it; heuristic, search - based on the existing knowledge of students, the teacher brings them to the assimilation of new concepts; Socratic - the search for truth through doubt, which is subjected to every conclusion received.

Blonsky Pavel Petrovich(1884-1941) - teacher and psychologist, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor. Pre-revolutionary works had a historical-philosophical and historical-pedagogical

Neglect- lack of supervision of children, observation of their behavior and pastime, care for education on the part of parents or those who replace them.

Charity- provision by individuals or organizations of gratuitous assistance to needy people or social groups of the population.

Bradylamia(from the Greek bradis - slow and lat. lalia - speech) - a pathologically slow rate of speech (synonym - bradyphrasia). It manifests itself in delayed articulation caused by violations of the speech centers in the cerebral cortex.

Fraternal Schools- educational institutions that existed in the XVI - XVII centuries. under brotherhoods - national-religious associations of Orthodox believers in Ukraine, Belarus, the Czech Republic and other countries. The activities of the fraternal schools contributed to the rise of cultural life and the preservation of the national identity of the peoples of these countries. In fraternal schools, for the first time in the history of school education, a class-lesson system was born, which received theoretical justification and development in the works of the Czech teacher J.A. Komensky.

Valeologist- (lat. vale - be healthy) - a specialist who teaches children a healthy lifestyle.

Validity- the degree of compliance of the measured indicator with what was to be measured in sociological or psychological-pedagogical research.

Validity- the ability of a psychodiagnostic technique to adequately evaluate and measure the psychological characteristic for which it was developed. Distinguish meaningful, criterial and constructive V. of the test. To content, it means checking the content of the test to see if it corresponds to the area of ​​behavior being measured. V. according to the criterion shows how much it is possible to judge by the results of the test about the aspect of the individual's behavior that interests us in the present or future. To determine it, test performance is correlated with a criterion, that is, an independent measure of what the test is supposed to predict. Constructive V. is determined by proving the correctness of the theoretical concepts underlying the test.

Verbal- oral, verbal.

Interaction- the process of direct or indirect mutual influence of people on each other, which implies their mutual dependence on common tasks, interests, joint activities and mutually oriented reactions. Signs of real V.: the simultaneous existence of objects; bilateral relations; mutual transition of subject and object; interdependence of the change of the parties; internal self-activity of students.

Type of training

Type of training- a generalized characteristic of training systems, which establishes the features of teaching and learning activities; the nature of the interaction between the teacher and students in the learning process; functions of the means, methods and forms of training used.

Victimization(from lat. victime - victim) - circumstances, unfavorable conditions of socialization, as a result of which a person becomes a victim.

Extracurricular activities

Internal position- a system of social attitudes of the individual, closely related to his actual needs and determining the main content and direction of activity in a given period of life.

Suggestion- the unconscious influence of one person on another, giving out certain changes in his psychology and behavior.

Extracurricular educational work- the organization by the teacher of various types of activities of pupils during extracurricular time, providing the necessary conditions for the socialization of the child's personality.

Extracurricular activities- the organization by the teacher of various types of activities of pupils during extracurricular time, providing the necessary conditions for the socialization of the child's personality.

Suggestion- a form of psychological impact associated with the weakening of conscious control in relation to perceived information.

Suggestibility- predisposition to suggestion.

Pedagogical impact- the influence of the teacher on the consciousness, will, emotions of the students, on the organization of their lives and activities in the interests of forming the required qualities in them and ensuring the successful achievement of the set goals.

Age- the period of human development, characterized by a set of specific patterns of formation of the body and personality. V. is a qualitatively special stage, which is characterized by a number of changes that determine the uniqueness of the structure of the personality at a given stage of development. V.'s boundaries are changeable and do not coincide in different socio-economic conditions.

Age approach in education- taking into account and using the patterns of personality development (physical, mental, social), as well as socio-psychological characteristics of groups of students, due to their age composition.

Will- conscious self-regulation by a person of his activity, behavior, which ensures overcoming difficulties in achieving the goal.

Upbringing- 1) the process of systematic and purposeful influence on the spiritual and physical state of the individual.

2) the process and result of the interaction of the educator with the pupil for the purpose of his personal development and the assimilation of social norms and cultural values, preparation for self-realization in the society in which he lives.

Upbringing- purposeful management of the process of human development through its inclusion in various types of social relations in study, communication, play, practical activities.

Upbringing(as a social phenomenon) is a complex and controversial socio-historical process of transferring socio-historical experience to new generations, carried out by all social institutions: public organizations, the media and culture, the church, the family, educational institutions of various levels and orientations. Education ensures social progress and the continuity of generations.

Upbringing(as a pedagogical phenomenon) - 1) purposeful professional activity of the teacher, contributing to the maximum development of the child's personality, his entry into the context of modern culture, becoming a subject of his own life, the formation of his motives and values; 2) a holistic, consciously organized pedagogical process of the formation and education of a personality in educational institutions by specially trained specialists; 3) a purposeful, managed and open system of educational interaction between children and adults, in which the pupil is an equal participant and it is possible to make changes to it (the system) that contribute to the optimal development of children (in this definition, the child is both an object and a subject); 4) providing the pupil with alternative ways of behavior in various situations, leaving him the right to choose and find his own way; 5) the process and result of purposeful influence on the development of the personality, its relationships, traits, qualities, attitudes, beliefs, ways of behaving in society (in this position, the child is the object of pedagogical influence); 6) purposeful creation of conditions for the development of culture by a person, its translation into personal experience through an organized long-term impact on the development of the individual from the surrounding educational institutions, the social and natural environment, taking into account his potential in order to stimulate his self-development and independence; 7) (in the narrowest, concrete sense) the components of an integral educational process: mental, directed, etc. upbringing.

Spiritual upbringing- the formation of a value attitude to life, ensuring the sustainable and harmonious development of a person. This is the upbringing of a sense of duty, justice, sincerity, responsibility, and other qualities that can give the highest meaning to a person’s deeds and thoughts.

moral education- the formation of moral relations, the ability to improve them and the ability to act in accordance with social requirements and norms, a solid system of habitual, everyday moral behavior.

Political upbringing- the formation of students' political consciousness, reflecting the relations between states, nations, parties, and the ability to understand them from spiritual, moral and ethical positions. It is carried out on the principles of objectivity, variability, freedom of choice of position and assessments within the boundaries of universal human values.

sexual education- systematic, consciously planned and implemented impact on the formation of sexual consciousness and behavior of children, preparing them for family life.

legal education- the process of formation of legal culture and legal behavior, which consists in the implementation of legal general education, overcoming legal nihilism, the formation of law-abiding behavior.

Education is free- unrestricted development of the strengths and abilities of each child, the full disclosure of his individuality. It is characterized by a categorical denial of the system of education and training based on the suppression of the child's personality, the regulation of all aspects of his life and behavior. The proponents of this model have attached and continue to attach exceptional importance to the creation of conditions for self-expression and the free development of children's individuality, reducing ped to a possible minimum. intervention and even more so excluding any violence and coercion. They believe that a child can only imagine what he has experienced internally, therefore the leading role in his upbringing and education should be played by children's experiences and the accumulation of personal experience by children. This trend is directly related to the concept of free education J.-J. Rousseau. However

these schools have not received wide distribution in the West. In Russia, the most striking experience in creating schools of free education was the "House of a Free Child", created by K.N. Wentzel in 1906. Supported the ideas of free education L.N. Tolstoy, organizing the life and education of peasant children in the Yasnaya Polyana school. There were other attempts: A. Radchenko's "School of naughty" in Baku, the Moscow family school of O. Kaidanovskaya-Bervi, educational and educational complexes "Settlement" and "Children's Labor and Recreation" close to this direction, first headed by A.U. Zelenko, then S.T. Shatsky. At present, interest in the ideas of free education has revived again. Waldorf schools, M. Montessori centers have been opened in Moscow and a number of other cities, domestic models of free, non-violent education are being developed.

social education- the process and result of spontaneous interaction of a person with the nearest living environment and the conditions of purposeful education (family, spiritual and moral, civil, legal, religious, etc.); the process of active adaptation of a person to certain roles, normative attitudes and patterns of social manifestation; systematic creation of conditions for a relatively purposeful development of a person in the process of his socialization.

labor education- joint activities of the educator and pupils, aimed at developing the latter's general labor skills and abilities, psychological readiness for work, the formation of a responsible attitude to work and its products, and a conscious choice of profession. The path of labor education is the inclusion of the student in the full structure of labor: its planning, organization, implementation, control, evaluation.

mental education- the formation of intellectual culture, cognitive motives, mental strength, thinking, worldview and intellectual freedom of the individual.

physical education- a system of human improvement aimed at physical development, health promotion, ensuring high performance and developing the need for constant physical self-improvement.

Aesthetic education- purposeful interaction of educators and pupils, contributing to the development and improvement in the growing person of the ability to perceive, correctly understand, appreciate and create beauty in life and art, actively participate in creativity, creation according to the laws of beauty. 221

Ethical education- purposeful interaction of educators and pupils, which has as its goal the development of good manners among the latter, the formation of a culture of behavior and relationships.

upbringing- this is the current level of personality development, in contrast to education - the potential level of personality development, the zone of its proximal development.

upbringing- the level of personality development, manifested in the consistency between knowledge, beliefs, behavior and characterized by the degree of formalization of socially significant qualities. The discord, the conflict between what a person knows, how he thinks and how he really acts, can lead to an identity crisis.

. parental authority(from Lat auctoritas - power, strength) - the distinctive features of an individual or group, thanks to which they are trustworthy and can have a positive impact on the views and behavior of other people; the influence of parents on the beliefs and behavior of children is also recognized, based on deep respect and love for parents, trust in the high significance of their personal qualities and life experience, words and deeds.

. Adaptation(from Lat adaptatio (adapto) - I adapt) - the body's ability to adapt to various environmental conditions.

accreditation I (from French accreditation (accredo) - trust) - in the field of education - the procedure for determining the status of a higher educational institution, confirmation of its ability to train specialists at a level where there are no requirements in a particular direction (specialty).

. Acceleration(from Lat acceleratio - acceleration) - acceleration of the physical development of children, in particular growth, weight, earlier puberty.

. Asset ( from Lat activus - active, effective) - a group of pupils, members of a particular team who are aware of the requirements of the leader of the team, help him in organizing the life of the pupils, and show some initiative.

. Activity(in studies) - a characteristic of the features of the cognitive activity of the individual, consists in the conscious use of intensive methods, means, forms of mastering knowledge, developing skills and navichos.

. Andragogy(from gr androa - an adult and agogge - management) - a branch of pedagogy dealing with the problems of education, training and upbringing of adults.

. abnormal children(from gr anomalia (anomalos) - incorrect) - pupils who have significant deviations from the norms of physical or psychological development and require education and training in special educational institutions.

. Asceticism(from gr asketes - ascetic) - the extreme level of moderation, restraint, the rejection of material and spiritual blessings of life, the voluntary transfer of physical torment, difficulties.

. PhD(from lat aspirans - one who strives for something) - a form of training of scientific, pedagogical and scientific personnel.

. Audiovisual learning aids(from Latin audire - to listen and visualis - visual) - one of the means of educational technologies for teaching using developed audiovisual educational materials.

. Ball(from French balle - ball, ball) - the result of evaluating the educational activities of students in a conditionally formal reflection and numerical measurement.

. Didactic conversation- a teaching method that involves the use of previous experience of students in a certain field of knowledge and, on the basis of this, engaging them through dialogue in the awareness of new phenomena, concepts or reproduction already acquired.

. Types of education- general, polytechnic, professional. Types of human development - biological (physical), mental, social.

. Types of communication- verbal, manual (from Lat manualis - manual), technical, material, bioenergy.

. Outline problematic-creation by the teacher of a problem situation, assistance to students in isolating and "accepting" a problematic task, using verbal methods to enhance the mental activity of students aimed at satisfying cognitive interests.

. Requirement- a method of pedagogical influence on the consciousness of the pupil in order to cause, stimulate or slow down certain types of his activity. Types of requirements: demand-request, demand-trust, demand-approval, demand-advice, demand-hint, conditional demand, demand in game design, demand-condemnation, demand-mistrust, demand-threat.

. Education is comprehensive- education, which involves the formation of certain qualities in a person in accordance with the requirements of mental, moral, labor, physical and aesthetic education.

. Harmonious upbringing- education, which provides that the quality of the components of education (mental, moral, labor, physical, aesthetic) complement each other, enrich each other.

. Ecological education(from gr oikos - house, environment and logos - teaching) - the acquisition by a person of knowledge in the field of ecology and the formation of her moral responsibility for the preservation of the natural environment and reasonable coexistence with it.

. economic education- education, provides for the solution of the following tasks: the formation of economic thinking, mastery of economic knowledge, skills and habits of economic relations.

. Aesthetic education- the development of a person's sense of beauty, the formation of skills and abilities to create beauty in the surrounding reality, to be able to distinguish the beautiful from the ugly, to live according to the laws of spiritual beauty.

. moral education- education, involves mastering the norms and rules of moral behavior, the formation of feelings and beliefs, skills and abilities.

. legal education- the formation of a high legal culture among citizens, implies a conscious attitude of the individual to his rights and obligations, respect for the laws and rules of human society, readiness to observe and conscientiously fulfill certain requirements that express the will and interests of the people.

. physical education- education, aims to create optimal conditions for ensuring sufficient physical development of the individual, maintaining his health, mastering knowledge about the characteristics of the human body, f physiological processes occurring in it, acquiring sanitary and hygienic skills and skills in caring for one's own body, maintaining and developing it potencies.

. National upbringing- historically conditioned and created by the ethnos is a system of educational ideals, views, beliefs, traditions, customs aimed at the expedient organization of the activities of members of society, in the process of which the process of mastering the moral and spiritual values ​​of the people takes place, the connection and continuity of generations, the catholicity of the people is ensured.

. sexual education- mastering by the younger generation of ethics and culture in the field of gender relations, the formation of his needs to be guided by the norms of morality in relations between persons of the opposite sex.

. Gene(from gr genos - genus, origin, hereditary) - an elementary unit of heredity, a carrier of inclinations.

. Hygiene of educational work- a system of scientifically based rules for organizing the educational process, taking into account the necessary sanitary requirements.

. Dignity national- an ethical category that characterizes a person from the point of view of expanding the concept of spiritual values ​​beyond the limits of one's "I" and the combination of personal experiences, sensations with national values.

. Humanization of education- creating optimal conditions for the intellectual and social development of each pupil, revealing deep respect for a person, recognizing the natural right of an individual to freedom, social protection, development of abilities and manifestation of individuality, self-realization of physical, mental and social potentials, to create a socio-psychological filter against destructive impacts of negative factors of the natural and social environment, education of young people's feelings of humanism, mercy, charity.

. Humanism(from Lat. humanus - human, humane) - a progressive direction of spiritual culture, exalts a person as the greatest value in the world, asserts a person's right to earthly happiness, protection of the rights to freedom, comprehensive development and manifestation of one's abilities.

. dalton plan- a form of organization of education that provided for such a technology: the content of the educational material for each discipline was divided into parts (blocks), each student received an individual task in the form of a plan, independently worked on its implementation, reported on the work, gaining a certain number of points, and then received the next task. At the same time, the teacher was assigned the role of an organizer, a consultant. Students were transferred from class to class not after the end of the academic year, but depending on the degree of mastery of the program material (C-4 times a year).

. Democratization of education- principles of organization of the educational system, providing for decentralization, autonomy of educational institutions, ensuring cooperation between educators and pupils, taking into account the opinion of the team and each individual, defining a person as the highest natural and social value, forming a free creative personality.

D demonstration- a teaching method that provides for the display of objects and processes in their natural form, dynamics.

. State standard of education- a set of uniform norms and requirements for the level of educational training in certain educational institutions.

. Deviant behavior- (from Lat deviatio - deviation) - deviation from the established norms of morality and law.

. deduction I (from Lat deductio - inference) - the transition from general concepts about a subject of a certain type to private, partial knowledge.

. Definition(from Lat definitio - definition) - a short, logically motivated definition that reveals significant differences or features of a particular concept.

. Didactics(from gr didaktikos - I teach) - a branch of pedagogy that develops the theory of education and training.

. Discussion(from the Latin discussio - consideration, research) - a teaching method aimed at intensifying and effectiveness of the educational process through the vigorous activity of students (students) in search of a scientific truth.

. Dispute- reception (according to the method of persuasion) the formation of beliefs and conscious behavior through disputes, discussions in the process of verbal communication with members of the primary team or another group.

. Thesis(from Lat. dissertatio - research) - a scientific work performed with the aim of its public defense in order to obtain a degree.

. Discipline(from Latin disciplina - teaching, education, routine) - a certain order of behavior of people, ensures the consistency of actions in social relations, the obligatory assimilation and implementation of the rules by the individual.

. Psychological and pedagogical diagnostics(from gr diagnostikos - capable of recognizing) - a branch of psychology and pedagogy that develops methods for identifying individual characteristics and prospects for the development and education of a person.

. Dogmatism(from GR dogma - a doctrine that is taken as an indisputable truth) - a way of assimilating and applying knowledge, in which a particular doctrine or position is perceived as a complete, eternal truth, as a rule, is applied without taking into account the specific conditions of life.

. home study work- a form of organization of education, which provides for the independent fulfillment by pupils (students) of educational tasks in extracurricular time (directly at home, in after-school groups, etc.) --

. Assistant professor(from lat docens - one that teaches) - the academic title of a teacher in a higher educational institution.

. external student(from Lat externus - external, outsider) - a form of education based on independent mastery of academic disciplines in accordance with the professional educational program in the chosen specialty.

. Elitist(from French elite - the best, selective (Latin eligo - I choose) - an educational institution that is distinguished by its influence, privileged position and prestige, high level of education.

. Aesthetics(from gr aistesis - sensation, feeling) - the science of beauty and its role in human life, about the general laws of artistic knowledge of reality, the development of art.

. Ethics(from Greek - habit, disposition) - a science that studies morality as a form of social consciousness, its essence, historical development.

ethnicization education (from gr ethos - people) - saturation of education with national content, aimed at the formation of national consciousness and national dignity of the individual, the formation of features of the national mentality, the education of young people's feelings of social responsibility for the preservation, enhancement and vitality of ethnic culture.

. Ethnopedagogy- a science that studies the features of the development and formation of folk pedagogy.

. The task of education- Ensuring the comprehensive harmonious development of the individual.

. Makings- genetically determined anatomical and physiological features of the brain and nervous system, which are individually a natural prerequisite for the process of development and personality formation.

. educational institutions- educational institutions that provide education and upbringing of the younger generation.

. Out-of-school establishments- children's educational institutions, whose activities are aimed at meeting the needs of a person in satisfying interests and inclinations, obtaining additional knowledge and skills for schoolchildren, developing intellectual potentials, and promoting the future professional choice of an individual. This group of institutions includes palaces and houses of children's and youth creativity, stations for young technicians, naturalists, sports, art, music schools, children's libraries, theaters, cinemas, children's iron shops.

. Habit- a way of behavior, the implementation of which in a certain situation acquires for the individual the character of internal needs.

. Patterns of the educational process- factors reflecting the necessary, essential, stable, recurring, common for a particular industry relationship between the phenomena of objective reality.

. Patterns of learning- factors that express the most necessary, essential, important, common for the organization of training.

. promotion- a method of education that provides for a pedagogical impact on the personality and expresses a positive assessment by the educator of the pupil's behavior in order to consolidate positive qualities and stimulate active activity.

. Means of education- property of material and spiritual culture (fiction and scientific literature, music, theater, radio, television, works of art, surrounding nature, etc.), forms and types of educational work (gatherings, conversations, conferences, games, etc.), which are used in the course of action of this or that method.

. Means of education- items of school equipment used in the process of educational work (books, notebooks, tables, laboratory equipment, stationery, etc.).

. Healthy lifestyle- human life activity, taking into account the characteristics and capabilities of one's body, ensuring socio-economic and biological conditions for its development and preservation.

. Knowledge- ideal expression in a symbolic form of objective properties and connections of the natural and human world; the result of a reflection of the surrounding reality.

. Ideal(from gr idea - idea, idea) - the concept of moral consciousness and the category of ethics, containing the highest moral requirements, the possible implementation of which would personally allow her to acquire perfection; the image of the abilsh valuable and majestic in man.

. Image(from English image - image, image) - the impression that a person makes on others, the style of his behavior, appearance, her manners. .

. Illustration(from Lat illustratio - I illuminate, explain) - a teaching method that involves showing objects and processes in their symbolic image (photos, drawings, diagrams, etc.)).

. Improvisation(from Lat improvisus - unpredictable, sudden) - the activity of the individual, the teacher-educator, is carried out in the process of pedagogical communication without prior preparation, comprehending.

. Individuality(from Lat individuum - indivisible) - a person "a person who is distinguished by a combination of features, qualities, originality of the psyche, behavior and activity, which emphasize its originality, originality.

. Induction(from Lat inductio - derivation) - a method of research, training associated with the movement of thought from the singular to the general.

. briefing(from Lat instructio - leadership) - "a method of training that provides for the disclosure of norms of behavior, features of the use of methods and training tools, compliance with safety precautions on the eve of involvement in the process of performing training operations.

. Intensification of the educational process(from French intensification (intensio) - tension) - activation of the mental capabilities of the individual to achieve the desired results.

. Internationalism(from lat inter - between and natio - people) - a moral concept that denotes a respectful attitude towards other peoples, their history, culture, language, the desire for mutual assistance.

. Infantilism(from lat infantilis - childish) - a delay in the development of the body, manifested in the preservation in an adult of the physical and mental traits characteristic of childhood.

. Categories of didactics(from gr Kategoria - statement, main and general feature) - general concepts that reflect the most essential properties and relationships of objects, phenomena of the objective world; category, a group of objects, phenomena, united by the commonality of certain signs.

. Chair(from gr kathedra - seat, chair): 1) a place for a teacher, a speaker, 2) in higher educational institutions - the main educational and scientific unit that carries out educational, methodological and research work with one or more related disciplines.

. Classification of methods- classification, which provides for the grouping of teaching methods depending on the sources of information, the logic of thinking, the level of independence in the process of cognition.

. Classroom teacher- a teacher who directly supervises the primary student team.

. Cloning(from gr klon - sprout, shoot) - a method of growing biological organisms from a single cell using cell culture.

. team- a socially significant group of people united by a common goal, act in concert to achieve this goal and have self-government bodies.

. Curriculum Component(school) - a list of academic disciplines that can be included in the working curriculum by decision of the council of the school (gymnasium, lyceum).

. Pedagogical council(from Lat. consilium - meeting, meeting) - a meeting of educators and psychologists to find out the causes of various systematic deviations in the pet's behavior and determine the science-based west of the virgins of his re-education.

abstract t (from lat conspectus - review) - a short written summary of the content of a book, article, oral presentation.

. parenting concepts(from lat conceptio - set, system) - a system of views on certain phenomena, processes, a way of understanding, interpreting pedagogical phenomena; the main idea of ​​the theory of content and organization of human education.

. culture(from Lat kultura - upbringing, education, development) - a set of practical, material and spiritual achievements of society throughout its history.

. Kurata p (from Latin curator, from curare - to take care, to worry): 1) a trustee, guardian, 2) a person who is entrusted with the general supervision of some work, 3) a person who oversees the educational process in a student group .

. Lecture(from Latin lectio - reading) is a teaching method that involves the use of students' previous experience in a certain field of knowledge and, on the basis of this, engaging them through dialogue in understanding new phenomena, concepts or reproducing already acquired ones.

. Leader(from the English leader - the one that leads, manages) - a member of the team, in important situations, is able to exercise a noticeable influence on the behavior of other members of the team, take the initiative in actions, take responsibility for the activities of the team, lead it.

. Licensing(from Latin licentia - right, permission) - a procedure for determining the possibility of an educational institution of a certain type to conduct educational activities related to obtaining higher education and qualifications in accordance with the requirements of higher education standards, as well as state requirements regarding personnel, scientific, methodological and material technical support.

. License- special permission received from state bodies for various types of activities, including educational.

. The logic of the educational process- the optimally effective way of moving a person's cognitive activity from the initial level of knowledge, skills, abilities and development to the desired level of knowledge, skills, skills and development. It includes a number of components: awareness and understanding of educational tasks; independent activity aimed at mastering knowledge, defining laws and rules, developing skills and abilities to apply knowledge in practice; analysis and evaluation of learning activities of students.

. speech therapy(from gr logos - word and paideia - education, training) - a science that studies speech disorders and deals with the correction of speech defects.

. Man- a biological creature of the homo sapiens type (a thinking person), which is characterized by physiological and biological features: a straight gait, a developed cranium, forelimbs, etc.

. master(from Lat magister - boss, teacher) - an academic degree awarded in higher educational institutions.

. Master's degree(from Lat magistratus - dignitary, chief) - the governing body in higher educational institutions that train masters.

. Mastery pedagogical- perfect creative performance by the teacher-educator of professional functions at the level of art, resulting in the creation of optimal socio-psychological conditions for the formation of the personality of the pupil to ensure a high level of intellectual and moral and spiritual development.

. mentality(from it Mentalitnet, from Lat mentis - way of thinking, mental warehouse, soul, mind, thinking) - worldview, attitude, vision of oneself in the world, features of the manifestation of the national character, one's own day of character, attitude to the surrounding myrtle.

. The purpose of education- ideal prediction of the final results of education.

. Education methods(from gr methodos - way, way) ways of influence of the educator on the consciousness, will and behavior of the pupil in order to form his stable beliefs and certain norms of behavior.

. Research methods- methods, techniques and procedures for empirical and theoretical knowledge of the phenomena and processes of pedagogical reality.

. Teaching methods- ordered methods of activity of the teacher and students, aimed at the effective solution of educational problems.

. youth subculture- the culture of a certain generation of young people, which is distinguished by a common lifestyle, behavior, group norms, values ​​and interests.

. Monitoring(from English monitoring, from Latin monitor - one who looks after, observes) - 1) observation, assessment and forecast of the state of the environment in connection with human economic activity, 2) collection of information by means of mass communication 3) observation of educational and educational processes in order to determine whether they correspond to the desired result or previous assumptions.

. moral b (from Latin moralis - moral, from moris - custom) - one of the forms of social consciousness, a system of views and ideas, norms and assessments that regulate people's behavior.

. Teaching motives(from fr motif, from lat moveo - move) - internal mental forces (motors) that stimulate human cognitive activity. Types of motives: social, incentive, cognitive, professional value, mercantile line.

. Ownership- application of knowledge in practice, carried out at the level of automated actions through multiple repetitions.

. Suggestion- various means of verbal and non-verbal emotional impact on a person in order to introduce it into a certain state or encourage certain actions.

. Modular training(from Lat modulus - measure) - the organization of the educational process, which is aimed at mastering an integral block of adapted information and provides optimal conditions for the social and personal growth of the participants in her pedagogical process.

. Problem learning- learning, which is different in that the teacher creates a certain cognitive situation, helps students to highlight the problematic task, understand it and "accept" it; organizes students for independent mastery of the new volume of knowledge necessary for solving problems; offers a wide range of use of acquired knowledge in practice.

. distance learning- modern educational technology using means of transmitting educational and methodological information at a distance (telephones, television, computers, satellite communications, etc.)).

. Oligophrenopedagogy(from gr oligos - small and phren - mind and pedagogy) - a branch of pedagogical science that deals with the education and training of mentally retarded people.

. Optimization of the learning process(from Latin optimus - the best, the most) - the process of creating the most favorable conditions (selection of methods, teaching aids, provision of sanitary and hygienic conditions, emotional factors, etc.) for those received. Anna desired results without additional time and physical effort.

. Higher education- an education system that provides for the provision of fundamental, general cultural, practical training of specialists who should determine the pace and level of the scientific, technical, economic and socio-cultural process, the formation of the intellectual potential of societies.

. Preschool education- the initial structural component of the education system, which ensures the development and upbringing of children in the family and preschool educational institutions (nurseries, kindergartens).

. Out-of-school education- components of the education system aimed at meeting the needs of a person in satisfying interests and inclinations, obtaining additional knowledge, skills and abilities for children, developing intellectual potentials.

. Polytechnic education(from gr poly - a lot and techne - art, skill, dexterity) - one of the types of education, the tasks of which are to familiarize yourself with various branches of production, to know the essence of many technological processes, to master certain skills and skills in servicing simple technological processes.

. Professional education- education, aimed at mastering the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to perform the tasks of professional activity.

. Vocational education- education, ensures that citizens receive a certain profession in accordance with their vocation, interests and abilities, social preparation for participation in productive work.

. Secondary general education- the leading component of the education system, providing education and upbringing of children up to 18 years old, preparing them for vocational education and work.

. Education-media- a direction in pedagogy that provides for the study by schoolchildren (students) of the patterns of mass communications (press, television, radio, cinema, etc.)).

. Education- a measure of the cognitive activity of the individual, which is manifested in the level of knowledge gained, which can be used in practical activities.

personality b - socio-psychological concept; a person is characterized from a socio-psychological point of view, primarily by the level of development of the psyche, the ability to assimilate social experience, the ability to mate with other people.

. Educational qualification characteristic- a set of basic requirements for the professional qualities, knowledge and skills of a specialist necessary for the successful performance of his professional functions.

. orthodox(from gr orthodoxos - orthodox) - a person who unswervingly adheres to a certain doctrine, doctrine, system of views.

. Memory- the ability of the body to store and reproduce information about the external world and its internal state for its further use in the process of life.

. Paradigm(from gr paradeigma - example, sample) - recognition of scientific achievements, which for a certain time provide the community with models for posing problems and solving them.

. Pedagogy(from gr paidec - children; ano - I lead) - the science of training, education and upbringing of people in accordance with the needs of the socio-economic development of society.

. Waldorf Pedagogy- a set of methods and techniques of education and training based on anthroposophical (anthroposophy - a religious and mystical teaching, puts in place. God deified man) interpretation of human development as a holistic interaction of bodily, mental and spiritual factors.

. Folk Pedagogy- a branch of empirical pedagogical knowledge and folk experience, reflecting views on the system, directions, forms, means of education and training of the younger generation.

. Pedology(from gr pais - child and logos - teaching) - the science of the child, the features of its anatomical, physiological, mental and social development.

. Pedocentrism(from gr pais (pados) - child, lat centrum - center) is one of the areas of pedagogy, which claims that the content, organization and methods of teaching are determined by the direct interests and problems of children.

. re-education- a system of educational influences of a teacher on a pupil in order to inhibit negative manifestations in behavior and affirm positive qualities in activity.

. Belief- the rational moral basis of the activity of the individual, allows her to carry out a certain act consciously; the main moral attitude that determines the purpose and direction of a person's actions, a firm belief in h for some reason, based on a certain idea, worldview.

. perspective- the goal, "tomorrow's joy" (AC. Makarenko), which acts as an incentive for the activities of the team and its individual members.

. Textbook- an educational book, which discloses the content of educational material in a particular discipline in accordance with the requirements of the current program.

. An integrated approach to education- an approach to education, which implies the unity of goals, objectives and means of achieving it through the activities of various social institutions (families, educational institutions, the media).

. Training plan- a normative document that defines for each type of general education educational institutions a list of subjects, the order of their study by year, the number of hours per week allotted for their study, the schedule of the educational process.

. Extracurricular educational work- measures of an educational nature, which are carried out in general education educational institutions under the guidance of teachers-educators.

. Extracurricular work- various types of independent educational work of students within the framework of the system of education and upbringing (home study work, excursions, circle work, etc.)).

. Training manual- an educational book in which the content of the educational material is disclosed, which does not always meet the requirements of the current program, but goes beyond its limits, additional tasks are defined aimed at expanding the cognitive interests of students, developing their independent cognitive activity.

. accustoming- organization of systematic and regular performance by pupils of certain actions with elements of coercion, obligation in order to form stable behavioral habits.

. parenting reception- a component of the method, determines the way to implement its requirements.

. Reception training- a component of the method, certain one-time actions aimed at implementing its requirements.

. Example- a method of education that provides for the organization of a role model in order to optimize the process of social inheritance.

. Principles of education(from lat rginsirium - basis, beginning) - initial provisions that are the foundation of the content, forms, methods, means and techniques of the educational process.

. Principles of education(from lat rginsirium - basis, beginning) - the initial provisions underlying the activity of the entire education system of Ukraine and its structural subdivisions.

. Management principles- initial provisions that determine the main directions, forms, means and methods of managing general education educational institutions.

pedagogical prognosis(from gr prognostike - the art of making a forecast) - a field of scientific knowledge that considers the principles, patterns and methods of forecasting for objects that are studied by pedagogy.

. Educational program- a normative document that describes the content of the educational material with the definition of sections, topics, the approximate number of hours for their study.

. Professiogram- description of the requirements, socio-psychological and physical personal qualities that a certain profession puts forward . Profession(from Lat professio - officially indicated occupation) - a type of labor activity that requires certain knowledge and labor skills and is a source of existence, vital activity.

. Psychotechnics- direction in psychology, develops questions of applying knowledge about the mental activity of a person in the process of solving practical problems of educating a person's personality.

. Rada of a general educational educational institution- an association of employees of a general education institution, students, parents and the public, which operates between the general meeting (conference) to resolve social, organizational and economic issues and the life of a general education educational institution.

. Rada pedagogical- association of teachers of an educational institution in order to consider the issues of organization and improvement of the educational process.

. Rating(from English rating - assessment, class, category) - an individual numerical indicator in the education system, an assessment of the successes, achievements, knowledge at a particular moment of an individual in a certain area, discipline, allows you to determine the level of such achievements or the quality of knowledge in other areas.

retardation(from Lat retardatio - delay, slowdown) - the lag of children in development.

. abstract(from Lat. refeire - to report, report) - a summary of the content of the book read, scientific work, a message based on the results of the scientific problem studied.

. Levels of Education- the gradual acquisition of general education and vocational training through the passage of certain stages: primary education, basic general education, complete secondary education, vocational education, basic and higher education, higher education.

. Development of physical- the growth of a biological organism as a result of cell division.

. Driving Force of Development- the result of contradictions between biological, physical and mental needs and the existing level of physical, mental and social development of the individual.

. The driving force of the educational process- the result of contradictions between the socio-psychological and physiological needs and the existing level of upbringing of the individual.

. The driving force of the educational process- the result of contradictions between cognitive and practical tasks, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the existing level of knowledge, skills and abilities, on the other.

. self-education- systematized and purposeful activity of the individual, aimed at the formation and improvement of its positive qualities and overcoming negative ones.

. Synthesis- a method that provides for a mental or practical combination of elements or properties of an object or phenomenon identified by analysis into a single whole.

. Education system- a set of educational institutions, scientific, scientific, methodological and methodological institutions, research and production enterprises, state and local educational authorities and self-government in the field of education.

. Scout(from the English scout - scout) - one of the systems of out-of-school education, which is the basis of the activities of children's and youth scout organizations. Originated at the beginning of the 20th century. Scout organizations for boys (ibo scouts) and girls (girl scouts) operate separately.

. Family- socio-psychological association of close relatives (parents, children, grandparents) living together and providing biological, social and economic conditions for procreation.

. aesthetic tastes- a stable, emotional and evaluative attitude of a person to the beautiful, which has a selective, subjective character.

. Heredity- the ability of biological organisms to transmit certain inclinations to their offspring.

. Speciality- it is necessary for society to limit the scope of the physical and spiritual forces of a person, which gives her the opportunity to obtain the necessary means for life, a complex of knowledge and practical skills acquired by a person to engage in a certain type of activity.

. Communication pedagogical- the system of organic socio-psychological influence of the teacher-educator and pupil in all spheres of activity, has certain pedagogical functions, is aimed at creating optimal socio-psychological conditions for the active and productive life of the individual.

. Observation- a teaching method that involves the perception of certain objects, phenomena, processes in the natural and industrial environment without outside interference in these phenomena and processes.

. Collective and creative affairs- a form of extra-curricular educational activities, in the preparation and conduct of which all members of the children's team take part, and each student has the opportunity to identify and develop their interests and capabilities.

. Stage development of the team- an expression of the internal dialectic of its formation, which is based on the level of relationships between the educator and pupils, between members of the team.

. Democratic style(from gr demokratia - the power of the people, democracy) - taking into account the opinion and freedom of the team in organizing the life of pupils.

. Style liberal(from lat liberalis - free) - an unprincipled indifferent attitude to the negative influences of pupils, connivance with students.

. Process structure skill- a number of interrelated and interdependent components: perception (direct, indirect), understanding (awareness, comprehension, insight), memorization, generalization and systematization, stratification, effective practice as an impetus to cognition and a criterion for the truth of the knowledge gained.

. The structure of the upbringing process- logically interconnected components that ensure the process of personality formation: mastering the rules and norms of behavior, the formation of feelings and beliefs, the development of skills and habits in these behaviors, practical activities in social environments.

. Deaf pedagogy(from Lat surdus - deaf and pedagogy) - a branch of pedagogy (in particular defectology), dealing with the problems of development, education and upbringing of children with hearing impairments.

. Pedagogical tact(from Lat tactus - touch, feeling) - a sense of proportion, a sense of the specific state of the pet, which prompts the educator a delicate way of behavior in communicating with students in various fields of activity; VMI innya to choose the most appropriate approach to the individual in the system of educational relations with her.

. Talent(from gr talanton - weight, measure) - a set of abilities that make it possible to obtain a product of activity that is distinguished by novelty, high perfection and social significance.

. Tests(from English test - test, research) - a system of formalized tasks to identify the level of preparedness of students (students), mastering this knowledge, skills, and habits.

. Pedagogical technique(from gr technike - skillful, experienced) - a set of rational means and behavioral characteristics of a teacher-educator aimed at the effective implementation of the methods and techniques of educational work chosen by him with an individual student or the entire class team in accordance with the goal of the educator and specific objective and subjective prerequisites (skills in the field of speech culture; possession of your body, facial expressions, pantomime, gestures, the ability to dress, monitor your appearance, observe the pace and rhythm of work, the ability to communicate; possession of psychotechnics).

. Type of training- the method and features of the organization of human mental activity. In the history of school education, the following types of education have been distinguished: dogmatic, explanatory-illustrative, and problem-based.

. The type of training is dogmatic- type, which is characterized by the following features: the teacher communicates to students a certain amount of knowledge in finished form without explanation; students memorize them without awareness and understanding and almost verbatim recite what they have learned by heart.

. The type of training is explanatory and illustrative- this type, which consists in the fact that the teacher tells students a certain amount of knowledge, explains the essence of phenomena, processes, laws, rules, etc., using illustrative material; students are known to assimilate the proposed share of knowledge and reproduce at the level of deep understanding; be able to apply knowledge in practice.

. Tiflopedagogy(from gr typhlos - blind and pedagogy) - a branch of pedagogy (in particular defectology) about the features of the upbringing and education of children with visual impairments.

. Skill- the ability of a person to consciously perform a certain action based on knowledge, the willingness to apply knowledge in practical activities based on consciousness.

. persuasion- one of the techniques of the method of persuasion, aimed at preventing the deliberate actions of the pupil in order to slow them down, taking into account the individual characteristics of his socio-psychological development.

. Lesson- a form of organization of education, according to which the teacher conducts classes in a classroom with a constant composition of students with approximately the same level of physical and mental development, according to the established timetable and regulations.

. biological inheritance- the process of obtaining by future generations from biological parents due to the gene-chromosomal structure of certain inclinations.

. social inheritance- the process of assimilation by the child of the socio-psychological experience of parents and the environment (languages, habits, behavioral characteristics, moral and ethical qualities, etc.)).

A teacher is a specialist who has special training and carries out training and education of the younger generation.

. Parenting Factors(from Latin Factor - what does) - objective and subjective factors that influence the definition of the content, directions, means, methods, forms of education.

. Fetish(from French fetiche - amulet, magic): 1) an inanimate object, which, according to believers, is endowed with supernatural magical power and serves as an object of religious worship, 2) an object of blind worship.

. Forms of study(from lat forma - appearance, device) - organization of educational activities of students, clearly expressed in time and space, associated with the activities of the teacher:

bell lancaster- a form of organization of training, which consists in the fact that one teacher supervised the educational activities of a large group of students (200-250 people), involving older students (monitors) in this work, the teacher first taught the monitors, and then they taught their comrades in small groups ("mutual learning")nya");

brigade-laboratory- a form of organization of training, which consists in the fact that the class is divided into brigades (5-9 people each), headed by elected foremen; training assignments are given to the brigade, which should work on them and will complete them; the success of educational work is determined by the quality of the foreman's report

. Group a - teaching by a teacher a group of students who are at different levels of age and mental development without observing the schedule and regulations;

individual- teacher teaching only one student. Forms of work of the class teacher - individual, group, frontal, verbal, practical, subject.

. Formation(from Lat formo - I form) - the formation of a person as a person, which occurs as a result of development and education and has certain signs of completeness.

. Functions of the class teacher- provide conditions for the comprehensive harmonious development of schoolchildren, coordinate the activities of all educators in the implementation of national education, study the individual characteristics of students in the class, organize a primary children's team, take care of strengthening and maintaining the health of schoolchildren, form the skills of thoroughness and discipline of schoolchildren, organize extracurricular educational work that , work with parents, achieve unity of requirements for pupils, maintain class documentation.

. Team Functions- organizational, stimulating, educational.

Learning functions (from the Latin functio - performance, performance) - functions that provide for the implementation of educational, educational and developmental actions.

. Functions of Pedagogy(from Lat functio - execution, commission) - clearly defined areas and activities related to the tasks of the comprehensive harmonious development of the individual.

. Family Functions- biological (reproductive), social, economic.

. Function ( from Latin y functio - execution, commission) - a way of action of a thing or element of a system, aimed at achieving a certain effect. The function of the family is aimed at solving biological (reproductive), social and economic problems in the system of continuation of the maternity hospital.

furcations(from lat furcatus - separate) - the construction of curricula in the upper grades of general education educational institutions in certain profiles - humanitarian, physical and mathematical, natural, etc. - with a preference for one or another group of academic disciplines.

. moral values ​​universal to mankind- acquired by previous generations, regardless of race, nationality or religion, moral and spiritual acquisitions that determine the basis of the behavior and life of an individual or defined jointly.

. Moral national values- views, beliefs, ideals, traditions, customs, rituals, practical actions based on universal values, historically conditioned and created by a certain ethnic group, but reflect certain national manifestations, originality in behavior and serve as the basis for the social activity of people of a separate ethnic group.

. Small school- a school without parallel classes with a small contingent of students.

school studies- a branch of pedagogy that studies the tasks, content and methods of school management, the system of management and organization of the activities of general educational educational institutions.