, Orsha district, Mari El
USSR USSR
Nikolai Sergeevich Ryabinin(-) - senior lieutenant of the Soviet Army, participant in the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union ().
Biography
A street in Yoshkar-Ola is named after Ryabinin; in Moscow there is a memorial plaque on the house where he lived (Okskaya Street).
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Notes
Literature
- Heroes of the Soviet Union: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. collegium I. N. Shkadov. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1988. - T. 2 /Lyubov - Yashchuk/. - 863 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-00536-2.
An excerpt characterizing Ryabinin, Nikolai Sergeevich
At this house there were riding horses and a retinue had gathered, apparently preparing for the departure of the sovereign.“I can see him any minute,” thought Rostov. If only I could directly hand him the letter and tell him everything, would I really be arrested for wearing a tailcoat? Can't be! He would understand on whose side justice is. He understands everything, knows everything. Who could be fairer and more generous than him? Well, even if they arrested me for being here, what’s the harm?” he thought, looking at the officer entering the house occupied by the sovereign. “After all, they are sprouting. - Eh! It's all nonsense. I’ll go and submit the letter to the sovereign myself: so much the worse it will be for Drubetskoy, who brought me to this.” And suddenly, with a determination that he himself did not expect from himself, Rostov, feeling the letter in his pocket, went straight to the house occupied by the sovereign.
“No, now I won’t miss the opportunity, like after Austerlitz,” he thought, expecting every second to meet the sovereign and feeling a rush of blood to his heart at this thought. I will fall at my feet and ask him. He will raise me, listen and thank me.” “I am happy when I can do good, but correcting injustice is the greatest happiness,” Rostov imagined the words that the sovereign would say to him. And he walked past those who were looking at him curiously, onto the porch of the house occupied by the sovereign.
From the porch a wide staircase led straight upstairs; to the right a closed door was visible. At the bottom of the stairs there was a door to the lower floor.
-Who do you want? - someone asked.
“Submit a letter, a request to His Majesty,” said Nikolai with a trembling voice.
- Please contact the duty officer, please come here (he was shown the door below). They just won't accept it.
Hearing this indifferent voice, Rostov was afraid of what he was doing; the thought of meeting the sovereign at any moment was so tempting and therefore so terrible for him that he was ready to flee, but the chamberlain Fourier, who met him, opened the door to the duty room for him and Rostov entered.
A short, plump man of about 30, in white trousers, over the knee boots and one cambric shirt, apparently just put on, stood in this room; the valet was fastening beautiful new silk-embroidered footrests on his back, which for some reason Rostov noticed. This man was talking to someone who was in another room.
“Bien faite et la beaute du diable, [Well-built and the beauty of youth," this man said, and when he saw Rostov he stopped talking and frowned.
-What do you want? Request?…
– Qu"est ce que c"est? [What is this?] - someone asked from another room.
“Encore un petitionnaire, [Another petitioner,”] answered the man with the help.
- Tell him what's next. It's coming out now, we have to go.
- After the day after tomorrow. Late…
Rostov turned and wanted to go out, but the man in the arms stopped him.
- From whom? Who are you?
“From Major Denisov,” Rostov answered.
- Who are you? Officer?
- Lieutenant, Count Rostov.
- What courage! Give it on command. And go, go... - And he began to put on the uniform handed to him by the valet.
Rostov went out again into the vestibule and noticed that on the porch there were already many officers and generals in full dress uniform, whom he had to pass by.
Cursing his courage, frozen by the thought that at any moment he could meet the sovereign and in his presence be disgraced and sent under arrest, fully understanding the indecency of his act and repenting of it, Rostov, with downcast eyes, made his way out of the house, surrounded by a crowd of brilliant retinue , when someone's familiar voice called out to him and someone's hand stopped him.
Ryabinin Nikolay Alexandrovich
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Ryabinin was born in 1885. After graduating from the shipbuilding department of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, in 1909 he entered the 2nd Baltic Fleet Crew as a cadet and was transferred to the Marine Engineering School of Emperor Nicholas I. In 1910, midshipman Ryabinin received the first officer rank of midshipman and assignment to the Black Sea Fleet. Having received excellent training and having two higher education diplomas, the young officer was enrolled in the fleet headquarters and appointed assistant to the commander of Admiral A.A. Eberhard. Ryabinin did not like to sit too long on the shore and tried to go out to sea at every opportunity. He was soon promoted to lieutenant, and then appointed head of one of the departments of the fleet headquarters, where he showed his talents in the hunt for the Goeben.In the summer of 1914, a few days before the start of the war, Germany sent two of its best warships - the battle cruiser Goeben and the light cruiser Breslau - to the aid of the Ottoman Empire, its faithful ally. Although both of them were called cruisers, the Goeben was actually a powerful fast battleship. In speed it was superior to all the battleships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Empire, and in terms of its armament - 10 280-mm guns - it was capable of fighting the three strongest Russian ships on the Black Sea at once. “Breslau” was a high-speed reconnaissance aircraft, which in our fleet could only be overtaken by destroyers, from which the “German”, taking advantage of its superiority in weapons, could always easily fight off.
Powerful weapons and high speed made the German duo the most dangerous rival for the Black Sea squadron. At the very beginning of the war, the Goeben and Breslau fired at several Russian cities, including the Sevastopol naval base, sinking several ships and vessels, and managed to escape with impunity.
Only the three best Russian battleships on the Black Sea could stop the German cruisers - the same type "St. Eustathius", "St. John Chrysostom" and "St. Panteleimon" (formerly "Potemkin", renamed after the sailors' uprising), which together carried 12 guns of 305-caliber. mm. However, in terms of speed, they were almost half as fast as the Goeben and, moreover, in order not to be destroyed, they had to act exclusively together.
Well aware of the true state of affairs, the Germans (formally, Turkish flags were raised on the German cruisers, but the crews remained German, and the admiral of the Kaiser's fleet was in command) felt like kings of the Black Sea. The new Russian dreadnought battleships were still being completed, so it was urgently necessary to figure out how to fight back the Goeben.
As a result, the officers of the Black Sea Fleet headquarters, among whom the head of the administrative department, Lieutenant Nikolai Ryabinin, played a prominent role, developed a plan for a trap on the high seas. The high-speed destroyers had to detect enemy ships and direct them towards the battleships moving in a single column.
This idea was realized only in 1915. The German cruisers, who behaved frankly insolently, discovered the destroyers, fired at them and rushed in pursuit. Russian destroyers, including the Captain Saken, on board of which was N. Ryabinin, who was supporting the operation, dodging shell explosions and moved on a pre-agreed course - straight towards the German armored detachment. But the appearance of the Goeben battleships did not frighten us at all. The Germans knew that if they increased their speed, they would manage to get to a distance beyond the reach of enemy guns before the Russian gunners had time to take aim.
However, the Goeben team was in for an unpleasant surprise. The lead “Saint Eustathius” fired so quickly and so accurately that several of its main caliber shells managed to hit the German battle cruiser. As a result, “Goeben” managed to escape, but he lost several dozen people killed. The Germans lost their arrogance, and henceforth they acted with great caution.
Soon, the Black Sea Fleet included new battleships “Empress Maria” and “Empress Catherine the Great”, each of which was superior to “Goeben” in armament and thickness of armor. True, the German battlecruiser was still faster, but this advantage became less obvious. In 1916, “Goeben” was again lured into almost the same trap, leading it to “Catherine the Great”. The Germans fled again, but were surprised to discover that the Russian battleship was much faster than they thought.
Having opened fire from the maximum distance, “Catherine the Great” accelerated more than expected even according to the project. A Russian 305-mm shell again hit the Goeben, which this time barely managed to escape into the Bosporus. From then until the end of 1917, the Goeben ingloriously hid in a Turkish port, and Russian ships completely dominated the Black Sea. "Breslau", in the end, was blown up by mines and sank.
Lieutenant of the Black Sea Fleet Nikolai Ryabinin
For his distinction in the unprecedented hunt for the Goeben, senior lieutenant Nikolai Ryabinin was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir IV degree with swords and a bow - an honorary military award, and then promoted to captain of the 2nd rank “for distinguished service.”
Nikolai Ryabinin did not accept the revolution of 1917, as well as the power of the Bolsheviks. In 1918, he became commander of the white transport flotilla on the Caspian Sea, and in August 1919 - chief of staff of the entire Caspian flotilla.
At the beginning of 1920, the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, General Anton Denikin, appointed Nikolai Ryabinin as chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet with promotion to captain of the 1st rank. But the hero of the confrontation with the Goeben did not have the chance to lead the white fleet on the Black Sea for a long time. After Denikin’s resignation, Ryabinin, at a meeting of the Military Council in Sevastopol, spoke out against the appointment of General Baron Wrangel as the new commander, for which he was removed from office and dismissed from service. After that, the honored military officer worked as an assistant captain on the civilian steamer Lazarev. After the capture of Crimea by the Reds, Ryabinin refused to leave Russia and become an emigrant.
Surprisingly, he was not only not shot, but was even allowed to go to Finland, where Ryabinin’s parents lived at that time. Nikolai Alexandrovich did not want to enjoy a well-fed and calm life abroad. He achieved Soviet citizenship. After this, Finnish nationalists tried to kill Ryabinin. It was only by miracle that he survived the assassination attempt and returned to Soviet Russia.
Soon he was assigned as a “military expert” in the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Fleet. In 1923, he even became the head of the Mobilization Department of the Operations Directorate of the RKKF headquarters, but after a year and a half in 1925, the former tsarist officer was “purged” from the navy.
The former chief of staff of the fleet became a foreman at the Marti shipbuilding plant in Nikolaev, and then received a position in the Nikolaev regional executive committee. But the GPU did not leave him alone. In December 1929, Ryabinin was arrested by officers of the district department of the GPU, accused of counter-revolutionary activities, and in 1930 sentenced to five years in forced labor camps. In the spring of 1934, the former military sailor received his freedom, but he was prohibited from living in the capital and regional cities. Then he found a job in Gorokhovets. But even here the “organs” did not leave him alone.
House of engineering and technical personnel of the Gorokhovets Shipyard on the street. Kirov, where N. Ryabinin lived his last years of freedom
In May 1934, shipbuilding engineer and experienced sailor Nikolai Aleksandrovich Ryabinin was appointed technical director of the Gorokhovets Shipyard. Under his leadership, river barges, pontoons and tugs were built in Gorokhovets on the Klyazma. The authorities could not be happier with a specialist of such a high level. Under Ryabinin, the Gorokhovets Shipyard, later renamed a shipbuilding plant, consistently exceeded the plan, launching several dozen different watercraft each season.
However, the local NKVD could not forget Ryabinin’s officer past and his service in the White Army. During the mass repressions in the sadly memorable 1937, N.A. Ryabinin was arrested right at his workplace. This happened on September 4, 1937. And few people knew that this “enemy of the people” was a hero of the fight against the German cruisers Goeben and Breslau for dominance in the Black Sea during the First World War...
According to data released by the Vladimir regional department of the KGB during the years of perestroika, citizen Ryabinin was sentenced in 1938 to 10 years in the camps without the right to correspondence. In practice, such a formulation most often meant execution. This happened with the former author of the operation to hunt for “Goeben”. As it turned out, on September 30, 1938, Ryabinin was shot in the city of Ivanovo, the regional center of that time.
In 1958, Nikolai Aleksandrovich Ryabinin was posthumously rehabilitated - “for lack of evidence of a crime.”
Experience in combat operations against the Goeben and Breslau, which were developed by the talented naval officer N.A. Ryabinin is still studied in the academies of the leading maritime powers...
Nikolai FROLOV. “Gorokhovetsky shipbuilder - hunter of the Goeben and Breslau”
Copyright © 2018 Unconditional love
Ryabinin Nikolay Alexandrovich(1885-1938) captain 2nd rank. Born in Finland. He graduated from a three-year city school, then from the Commercial School (1905) and the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute (shipbuilding department in 1909). On June 22, 1909, he was enrolled as a cadet in the 2nd Baltic Fleet Crew and on September 10 of the same year he was transferred to the Marine Engineering School of Emperor Nicholas I. By Order of the Naval Department 89, on April 18, 1910, he was transferred to naval midshipmen. After an examination, he was promoted to midshipman and in December 1910 enlisted in the Black Sea Fleet Crew. From 1910 to 1917 he served in the Black Sea Fleet. For the courage shown in the battle with "Goeben", he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree with swords and bow. In 1916 he was awarded the rank of senior lieutenant. On September 23, 1917, he was promoted to captain 2nd rank for “distinction in service.”
In March 1918, with part of the fleet, he came to Novorossiysk, where he continued to remain until the city was occupied by the Volunteer Army. He entered service in the naval department in the All-Russian Socialist Republic on May 3, 1919 and was enrolled in the reserve of ranks. In August 1919, he became commander of the Caspian transport flotilla, and then chief of staff of the Caspian flotilla. On February 12, 1920, he was appointed chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet in place of Rear Admiral Bubnov, who was dismissed by order of General Denikin for supporting the candidacy of General Wrangel for the post of commander in the Crimea. In March 1920, at the Military Council in Sevastopol, assembled on the orders of General Denikin, he spoke as an active supporter of General Wrangel and was the first to name him. In the same month, an attempt was made on Ryabinin’s life by a group of officers led by Captain 2nd Rank Kislovsky, as a result of which he was wounded in the head.
On April 16, 1920, at a meeting of representatives of fleet ships, Ryabinin proposed sending everyone who wanted to leave Russia to Turkey, and then handing over the ships to representatives of Soviet Russia. Two hours later he was removed from his post by General Wrangel for his defeatist mood. On April 18, 1920 (according to his autobiography with his service record compiled in the RKKF) he was removed from office and dismissed from service. He worked as one of the captain's assistants on the steamship of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade (ROPIT) "Lazarev". On November 14, 1920, he remained (having sent his family to Constantinople) of his own free will in Sevastopol and placed himself at the disposal of the red command. In 1921 Ryabinin N.A. returned to Finland, where his parents lived, and worked as a senior worker on Spiridonov’s estate.
In November 1922, by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, he was restored to Soviet citizenship. In the spring of 1923, he returned to the USSR after an attempt on his life by Finnish fascists. By Navy Order No. 978 dated November 10, 1923, he was enlisted in naval service. On October 21, 1923, he was appointed assistant to the head of the organizational part of the combat department of the Naval Headquarters of the RKKF. On November 14, 1923, he was appointed head of the Mobilization Department of the Operations Directorate of the RKKF headquarters. On April 9, 1925, by order of the RKKF personnel, he was transferred to the reserve, “due to the impossibility of appropriate use.” In 1924, Grigorenko S.A. was married for the second time to a resident of the city of Nikolaev. From May 4, 1925 to 1926, he worked as a foreman at the shipbuilding plant named after. Marty in Nikolaev. From 1926 to 1929 worked in various positions in the regional executive committee of the city of Nikolaev.
In 1930, he was arrested by the Nikolaev district department of the GPU, by a verdict of the board on the basis of Art. 58th Criminal Code, sentenced to 5 years in forced labor camps. In the spring of 1934 he was released early. Due to restrictions on places of residence, he was forced to move with his family to the city of Gorokhovets, Vladimir region. Since May 3, 1934 Ryabinin N.A. worked as technical director of the Gorokhovets Shipyard.
On September 4, 1937, he was arrested for the second time and sentenced to 10 years in the camps without the right to correspondence. According to the archives of the Vladimir KGB, he was shot on September 30, 1938 in Ivanovo. The burial place is unknown. In 1958, Nikolai Aleksandrovich Ryabinin was posthumously rehabilitated for lack of evidence of a crime.
Nikolai Sergeevich Ryabinin(May 5, 1909 - March 2, 1975) - senior lieutenant of the Soviet Army, participant in the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union (1945).
Biography
Nikolai Ryabinin was born on May 5, 1909 in the village of Velikopolye (now Orsha district of Mari El). After graduating from high school and workers' school, he worked on a collective farm. In 1931-1932 he served in the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. In 1942, Ryabinin was again drafted into the army. In the same year, he completed advanced training courses for command personnel. Since March 1944 - on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. In battles he was wounded twice.
By January 1945, Senior Lieutenant Nikolai Ryabinin commanded a machine gun platoon of the 412th Infantry Regiment of the 1st Infantry Division of the 70th Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front. He distinguished himself during the liberation of Poland. On January 27, 1945, Ryabinin’s platoon crossed the Vistula in the Bydgoszcz region and took an active part in the battles to capture and hold a bridgehead on its bank, destroying about two platoons of enemy infantry. On January 28, 1945, Ryabinin, firing from a machine gun, destroyed several dozen enemy soldiers and officers. In that battle, he was seriously wounded, lost his arm, and was treated in hospitals for a long time.
By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 29, 1945, for “the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the German invaders and the courage and heroism shown,” senior lieutenant Nikolai Ryabinin was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold medal Zvezda" number 7540.
In 1946, Ryabinin was dismissed from the Armed Forces due to disability. Lived and worked in Moscow. He died on March 2, 1975, and was buried at the Lublin Cemetery in Moscow.
He was also awarded the Order of the Red Star and a number of medals.
A street in Yoshkar-Ola is named in honor of Ryabinin, and in Moscow there is a memorial plaque on the house where he lived (Okskaya Street).