Here you can download free programs for learning English. Programs for studying grammar, memorizing words, etc.

Computer programs:

memorization of words

A program for memorizing English words using associative pictures.

WordsTeacher 1.0

The WordsTeacher program is designed to study foreign words, phrases, short expressions, without looking up from the process of working on a computer.

Association 1.0

A program for memorizing foreign words by the method of phonetic associations. Allows you to easily find associative keys to foreign words using a dictionary of 90,000 words of the Russian language.

BX Language Acquisition

The BX Language acquisition program is designed to memorize foreign words.

English grammar

Another great program for learning English grammar. Thanks to the presence of a Russian thematic index, the textbook will not only teach you to understand English, but also help you express your thoughts in English.

ETrainer 4800

Trainer-examiner of knowledge of English. Tasks for the translation of sentences are given and an assessment is made. You can set the number of tasks in the exam, limit the time for thinking, and also keep a detailed protocol.

ETrainer 5000

Mini version. Trainer-examiner of knowledge of English. Tasks for the translation of sentences are given and an assessment is made. You can set the number of tasks in the exam, limit the time for thinking, and also keep a detailed protocol.

FWords 1.11.22

Program for learners of English and German: Longman tips, tests, dictionaries for originals, parallel texts, prompter mode, customization, search, printing, statistics and much more.
The "download" link is a distribution kit of the program without a database (the necessary databases will need to be downloaded separately. By the way, the program's databases are constantly updated.

Grammar

Program for learning English grammar. The grammar in it is given on examples from the spoken language, which significantly replenishes the student's vocabulary. The abundance of examples and illustrations to them helps to remember and better understand certain grammatical constructions.

Repeng - English Tutor

Program for training your vocabulary. Working with the program is carried out by choosing the correct translation option from several proposed ones.

Word Translator WTT 1.15

Designed to memorize the spelling of English words. Testing is carried out in both directions using statistics on the success of the translation of a particular word.

Sentence Exerciser

You can really improve your English by solving many different grammar problems.

Applications for Android:

English with Lingualeo

Free English lessons
- Suitable for all language levels
- Practical exercises
- Thematic courses
- English language practice: text, audio and video materials
- Ability to study English offline
- Automatic synchronization with the web version of the service
- Operational technical support

Improve your English listening comprehension, vocabulary, reading and writing skills in one app! Useful for those who know the alphabet and basic vocabulary.

The Teacher Method is a program for sequential learning of English: from zero to advanced. Watch and listen to the explanations of the teachers, take a training session after each lesson and an exam after each topic.

The app includes over 200 conversational English lessons which includes the following:

Listening to improve your listening comprehension
- Questions to help you understand English better
- Conversation practice feature to improve your speaking
- Conversation recording tool to track your progress

Polyglot is an easy and fast way to learn English.

In just a few minutes a day, you will learn how to write sentences in English.

We have specially optimized lessons for mobile devices. Information is given in a compressed form, then it is fixed in memory by the method of repeated repetition.

In a short time, you will learn how to build simple expressions in English correctly, learn a lot of new English words without noticing.

Gadgets are not only exciting games, but also unlimited possibilities for improving your knowledge. Want to know the best English learning apps and get valuable tips on how to learn English on your phone and tablet? We will tell you how to turn your favorite gadget into a fun English tutorial in one or two clicks.

Our articles help you improve your English. But a good teacher can do it even better. In the online school "Inglex" we have combined strong teachers and the comfort of online classes. Try English on Skype at .

Universal apps for learning English

Let's start with English tutorial apps. Of course, they will not replace your textbook and ours, but they will help diversify your learning. These apps have options to work on all your English skills: reading, listening, writing and speaking. Let's name the 2 most popular applications.

1. Lingualeo

Probably one of the best apps for learning English. You can work with most of the exercises for free. A paid account is inexpensive and allows you to take special grammar courses, and also gives you access to additional types of exercises. A free account allows you to learn new words, hone your spelling skills, watch videos with subtitles, decipher lyrics, and more.

What's good about Lingualeo? The authors have created a system that itself determines your strengths and weaknesses and develops a training program for you. You just have to follow the suggested recommendations. Is it hard to force yourself to study? The authors of the application have taken care of this too: a motivation system has been developed for you. You need to feed Leo the Lion with meatballs every day - complete tasks. If you practice 5 days in a row, you will receive a small but nice prize, for example, activation of a premium account for a day. The application works stably, there is a version for Android and iOS.

2. Duolingo

With this free app, you can learn not only English, but also German, French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese. It can be used as a supplementary exercise book for beginner English learners. Internet connection is only needed to download the next stage. The course is divided into stages according to the principle "from simple to complex". If you know the basics of the language, pass the initial steps ahead of schedule and go straight to the next level.

What's good about Duolingo? All skills are trained here: writing and speaking (you will be asked to pronounce the studied phrases), reading and listening. The program is stable. There is a version for Android and iOS. Do you often forget about classes? The famous green owl will daily urge you to take up your studies. Don't refuse her!

You watch television to turn your brain off, and you work on your computer when you want to turn your brain on.

You watch TV to turn off your brain, you work at the computer when you want to turn on your brain.

Applications for memorizing English words

There are hundreds of different English vocabulary learning apps for Android and iPhone on the Internet. We have selected the most popular and interesting programs that we recommend using in the process of learning a language. These applications work in much the same way: each word is trained in several different ways. We recommend that you study them daily and do not forget to periodically repeat the studied vocabulary. In one of our articles, we told you, try using the suggested tricks.

1. Easy Ten for or iOS. And also Fun easy learn English for Android or Words for iOS

Each of these applications contains several thousand words in English. All words are divided into groups and subgroups, 5-10 words are collected in each subgroup. This vocabulary will be worked out with the help of several types of tasks. You will need to match the picture to the word, translate it into Russian, write it from dictation, insert the missing letters into it, etc. Thus, you repeat the word several times, remember its sound and spelling.

2. Anki Flashcards

This app for learning English words is available in both Android and iOS versions. Flashcards are a modern analogue of classic flashcards for learning English words on your tablet and phone. You get rid of the need to search for words yourself, because you will be offered ready-made sets for download. At the same time, you can make your own sets of flashcards if you want to learn certain words. It is much more convenient to work with such an offer than with a stack of papers. Moreover, the application has a spaced repetition function: the program will make sure that you do not forget to repeat the learned vocabulary.

How to break the language barrier with a gadget

Learning to speak English is best with an interlocutor. Breaking the language barrier with a gadget is quite difficult. However, there are tricks that will help you keep your conversational skills up to par.

1. We talk on Skype

What progress has come ... Now online communication is available both through a computer and through a smartphone or tablet. If the characteristics of the device allow and the quality of communication is acceptable, you will be able to chat with the interlocutor. Where to find a "victim" for a conversation?

• search on special sites like italki.com or polyglotclub.com;
• look for an interlocutor among sociable friends or colleagues who study the language;
• communicate with the teacher at our school. Of course, in this case it is better to conduct lessons using a computer, but if circumstances force you, then you can work out on a mobile device.

2. Repeat phrases after native speakers

Found an interesting video in English? Do you want to talk like the people in the video? Then turn on the recording and repeat the phrases after the characters. Sentences spoken several times will be stored in your memory, and later you can use them in speech.

How to improve your English listening comprehension using a gadget

1. Listen to podcasts and audio lessons

3. We listen to songs in English

This is more of an entertainment, but your favorite songs can help you learn to understand English by ear. If you listen to a song and study its lyrics at the same time, then entertainment will turn into a fun listening exercise. In addition, you can learn a couple of new words, which will not be superfluous at all. You can study lyrics at azlyrics.com or amalgama-lab.com.

How to learn English grammar on your tablet and phone

1. We are engaged in special applications

Grammar in your pocket is not the title of another bestseller from the How to Learn English in 3 Hours series, but our reality. To use all the rules of English "on the machine", you need to practice them as often as possible. And special applications for learning English will help you with this, for example, Johnny Grammar for and iOS.

2. Testing our knowledge

All sorts of tests and online exercises give us a unique opportunity to test ourselves and find weaknesses in grammar knowledge. We wrote an article. Create bookmarks for yourself and visit these resources periodically, check your knowledge and get a guide to action. And for app lovers, we can advise you to do tests in Learn English Grammar, English Grammar Practice, Practice English Grammar, LearnEnglish Grammar.

3. Use a grammar book

The time of cumbersome textbooks is gradually passing. Today you can use electronic versions of famous publications and learn English using your mobile device. Not navigating the sea of ​​benefits? We have written a review for you, choose a suitable assistant from there. Moreover, there are special tutorial apps that you can use on your smartphones and tablets.

4. Watch video tutorials

Watch videos on YouTube? Put this resource to good use by watching great videos from native speakers, such as this channel. Ronnie, the teacher, makes grammar simple and tasteful, so you can deal with a difficult topic and at the same time practice your English listening comprehension skills. So, learning English grammar on your phone and tablet will definitely not seem boring to you.

How to Improve Reading Skills Using Mobile Devices

1. Reading the news

Reading the news in English is a relatively simple but very rewarding task. Compared to reading fiction, it takes a little time, but you can not only read in English, but also learn new words, as well as the latest events in the world. We recommend using the Newsroom apps: News Worth Sharing or BBC News for Android and Newsy or BBC News for iOS.

2. Reading books

In public transport, we often see people who are sitting with their heads buried in a book. This is an intelligent way to isolate yourself from others and make productive use of the time spent on the road. We recommend doing the same, and at the same time choosing the right "reading" - books in English. For convenience, we recommend installing Moon+Reader for Android and iBooks for iOS. Where can you get the books? In our article "" there are links to free libraries with adapted books and works in the original.

3. Reading magazines

Do you like to read "gloss"? You can do it on a smartphone or tablet, and in English. Android owners should install the Google Play Press app to access a variety of English-language magazines. For iOS owners, the Kiosk application is pre-installed on the device, allowing you to download newspapers and magazines from this section.

4. Read articles on the Internet

We think that today it is almost impossible to find a person who does not use his mobile device to access the Internet. And this is good, because wonderful, interesting, most useful articles in English are waiting for you on the World Wide Web. Choose the topic yourself, the main thing is to read, preferably every day for at least 10-15 minutes. We recommend that people with an initial level of knowledge pay attention to the site rong-chang.com, a lot of simple texts are collected there. With an intermediate level and above, you can read articles on the site english-online.at.

5. Read engaging posts

And this "reading" is suitable for those who have a minimum of free time. Follow English learners on Instagram or Twitter and follow their posts. Both notes in English and tips for learning the language will come in handy. For example, you can subscribe to our

The Ginger Grammar Checker helps you write better English and efficiently corrects texts. Based on the context of complete sentences, Ginger Grammar Checker uses patent-pending technology to correct grammar mistakes, spelling mistakes and misused words, with unmatched accuracy. Ginger's grammar check software improves your text just like a human reviewer would.

Enjoy the most expansive online grammar checker on the market. Benefit from single click proofreading wherever you type so that you improve your English writing while you learn from your grammar mistakes.

Getting your grammar right matters!

In the online as well as the offline world, it is important to write without making silly grammar mistakes, English syntax errors or punctuation mistakes. We all know how communication is a key skill for success. For example, in the corporate world it is hard to get a job without good written communication skills, even if the candidate excels in his or her field. In the academic world, error-free English writing is strongly correlated with achieving better results. In the online world, bloggers need to write grammatically correct and fluent texts to make sure that the message they are trying to convey is properly reaching their audience. If you have an online service, then proper, error-free content is crucial. The bottom line is, a grammar check before you submit your writing could make the difference between success and failure.

No more grammar mistakes: Check grammar with Ginger

The Ginger Grammar Checker corrects a vast range of grammar use mistakes. most grammar corrector tools claiming to perform a grammar check based on English grammar rules are not able to identify the majority of grammar errors; therefore many of these common writing errors are overlooked. In many cases, these free online grammar checkers flag mistakes but do not suggest any corrections. Ginger uses groundbreaking technology to detect grammar and spelling errors in sentences and to correct them with unmatched accuracy. From singular vs plural errors to the most sophisticated sentence or tense usage errors, Ginger picks up on mistakes and corrects them. Grammar checking has never been easier and faster. With a single click multiple mistakes are corrected. Your mistakes will no longer be overlooked with Ginger Software's Grammar Checker.

Grammar check your way to success: Start writing better and faster

With Ginger's grammar checking software writing is quick and easy. You'll never need to ask others for help with the rules of English grammar. Use Ginger's Grammar Checker to correct your texts and download Ginger's full suite of products to listen to your texts and learn from your own mistakes to avoid repeating them in the future.

The Ginger Grammar Checker helps you write better English and correct texts more efficiently. Through the use of patent-pending technology, Ginger Grammar Checker analyzes the context of your sentence to correct grammar mistakes, misused words and spelling mistakes with unmatched accuracy. Ginger's grammar correction software improves your text just like a human reviewer would.

Ginger's grammar tool corrects all types of mistakes

Ginger corrects all types of grammatical mistakes including topics that are not addressed by any other grammar correction program. Here are some examples:

subject verb agreement

The smell of flowers bring back memories. → The smell of flowers brings back memories.

Singular/Plural nouns

Six people lost their lives in the accident → Six people lost their lives in the accident.

Consecutive nouns

Sheryl went to the tickets office → Sheryl went to the ticket office.

Misused words correction

Using its contextual grammar checker, Ginger recognizes the misused words in any sentence and replaces them with the correct ones. I was wandering if there's any news. → I was wondering if there's any news.

Contextual spelling correction

The Ginger Spell Checker is a contextual spell checker which identifies the correction that best fits the meaning of the original sentence. When combined with the Ginger Grammar Checker, you can correct entire sentences in a single click. The same misused word will have a different correction based on the context:
The marble statue hed a big hed → The marble statue had a big head .

Phonetic spelling mistakes are corrected even if the correct spelling is very different from the way they were originally written: I like books, exspecaley the classics → I like books, especially the classics

Irregular verb conjugations are corrected as well:
He flew to Vancouver → He flew to Vancouver

Ginger boosts your writing productivity

Checking grammar has never been easier. Once installed on your computer, the Ginger Grammar Checker is only one click away, wherever and whenever you need it. Correct whole sentences with a single click using your current internet browser and writing, presentation-making and email programs.

Correct written texts more efficiently with Ginger

rather than prompting users to correct errors one by one, Ginger identifies and corrects every error in a given sentence simultaneously; Ginger even offers suggestions for alternative sentence structures .
With Ginger- you won't need to waste time trying to find the correct way to write a sentence, or have to pass your texts to someone else for review.

Continuing the topic of using mobile devices in learning English, we cannot ignore such an important and necessary section as grammar.

For those who are trying to learn and master the English language, there is a huge number of applications that can help in this difficult and time-consuming process.

We have tried to choose the best English grammar apps for you.

These apps can help you improve your grammar skills, although they are still not a complete substitute for a real teacher.

• Grammar Up: The application offers quizzes with thousands of questions (with multiple choice) in more than 20 grammar sections. It helps users to improve grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, etc. The application is available for iOS and Android in two versions - paid and free, depending on the completeness of the application.
• Grammar Express: Tenses: This app from Webrich Software Limited offers over 100 pages of grammar lessons, over 1000 examples of grammar rules, over 1000 multiple choice questions and explanations. The app records your progress as soon as you start taking tests, so you can track your weaknesses and correct them. The application is available for iOS and Android in paid and free form. Grammar Express: Tenses is one of a series of apps. You can also download Grammar Express: Articles/Prepositions/Degrees/Actives and Passives and more.
• Practice English Grammar: The free app for iOS and Android will help you improve your skills at whatever level you are. PEG includes questions, flashcards, learning games, grammar articles, offline use.
• Learn English Grammar: A grammar app designed to help you improve your English grammar skills. The app offers thousands of questions to practice and reinforce your grammar skills. Four levels - from beginner to advanced. The application is released in British and American versions, using British English and American English, respectively. The content has been compiled to reflect the differences between British and American English in usage, spelling and pronunciation. Available for iOS and Android.

Check out your mobile apps and download the ones that will contribute to learning English grammar and improving your language skills.

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

HIGHER EDUCATION

KALININGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY

TRAINING AND CONTROL

GRAMMAR PROGRAMS

IN ENGLISH

Methodical instructions for students of I-II courses

non-linguistic faculties

Kaliningrad

Compiled by: Doctor of Philology, Professor V.M. Aristova, senior lecturer I.A. Kolyada, senior lecturer G.G. Korsakov

Approved at a meeting of the English Department of Kaliningrad State University on September 25, 1996.

Reviewer: Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages ​​of the Kaliningrad State Technical University, Candidate of Philology A.F. Petrukhin.

Published by decision of the editorial and publishing center of the Council of Kaliningrad State University

Kaliningrad State University, 1996.

FOREWORD

Teaching and monitoring programs in English grammar are intended for university students of non-linguistic faculties. The main purpose of the manual is the practical development or repetition of grammatical models of the English language in comparison with the grammatical norms of the Russian language to ensure the formation of educational activities of students in the process of performing grammatical actions.

In the training program /A/, an algorithm of the grammatical phenomenon is given, which makes it possible to formalize the presentation of the material to the maximum, activate the independent work of students and, using the control program /B/, provide feedback. Tasks are performed mainly by compiling matrices - choosing the correct correspondences, transferable equivalents or analogues.

Working on the material of the receptive /A/ and reproductive /B/ types allows the student to assess the degree of perception and assimilation of the grammatical phenomenon by checking his answer by the key. Assignments can be completed through independent / classroom or extracurricular /, pair and group work.

Steps for completing the work: read program A, paying attention to the underlined English words and their Russian translation, equivalent; close the right side of the sheet and translate English sentences from memory; close the left part of the sheet, translate the Russian model into English, repeat the translations if necessary; go to program B; check the correctness of the execution of tasks by the keys /B/.

Assessment: 20% failure - 4 points; 40% - 3 points; 60% - 2 points.

/suffix -s, -es/

Reading suffixes

		a dress - dresses
a Negro - Negroes		a dish - dishes
a photo - photos		a match - matches

Spelling changes and exceptions to the general rule

a shelf - shelves	shelf - shelves	a child - children	children
a leaf - leaves	leaf - leaves		bull - bulls
a city - cities	city ​​- cities		leg legs
	roof - roofs	a penny-pence	penny - pence
	person people	a tooth - teeth	tooth teeth
a woman - women	woman's woman	a goose-geese	goose - geese

Latin/Greek plurals

			axis - axes
		formula - formulae	formula - formulas
		nucleus - nuclei	core - cores
		criteria - criteria	criterion - criteria
			given - data
		matrix - matrices	matrix - matrices

Identical forms of a noun in singular. and in many numbers		Nouns that have only the singular form
	means, means
	row, rows		intelligence
	view, types
	instrument, instruments

Nouns that have only plural

goods - goods, goods	spectacles - glasses
shorts - shorts	tongs - tongs

Plural Nouns

I. Put the nouns in the plural. Write the plural transcription in brackets:

a book - books [s]
		a scenario - ...
	a delicacy - ...	a Negress - ...
	a democracy - ...	a science ...

a memorandum - memoranda [c]	an addendum - ...
a maximum - ...
a phenomenon - ...	a bacterium- ...
	a stratum - ...
an analysis - ...	a terminus - ...
	an abscissa- ...

II. Insert the correct form of the verb to be in present time:

1. The phenomena observed ... discussed here.
2. Goods delivered yesterday ... of high quality.
3. The news ... not very encouraging.
4. The main criterion ... agreed with observation.
5. The data ... of great importance.
6. Addenda to the dictionaries ... of great help.

III. In what form will the following words be presented in dictionaries?

Keys, juntas, ponies, poodles, policies, sagas, sonnies, maxima, genii, analysis, loaves, authorities, localities, lodges, comedies.

IV. Which demonstrative pronoun should be placed before the noun?

1. ... analysis			1. These
			2. This
3. ... galaxies

POSITIVE	COMPARATIVE	EXCELLENT
I group –– one, two syllables adjectives, adverbs
/large/		/the largest/
		/easiest/
II group –– two- and polysyllabic adjectives and adverbs
		the most difficult
/difficult/	/harder/	/most difficult/
		the most possible
/possible/	/possibly/	/most possible/
Group III frozen forms - suppletive education
/good, good/		/best/
ill, bad, badly		the worst, worst
/bad, bad/		/worst/
		least, least
/ small, few/		/least/
		/largest/
I am older than my sister.			Older than...
Your accent is better than mine.			Better than...
This desk is the worst in the class.			The worst...
I've been waiting longer than you.			Longer than you...
Remember some phrases and phrases:
The more we live, the more we know.			What, the...
The more dangerous it is, the more I like it.
Her husband is much oldr than she.			Much older...
one has many more books to choose here.			Much more...
He has much more money than I have.
This process took much less time.			Far less...
You've made far less mistakes today.
Is your mother any better?			A little better?
She looks any younger in this dress.			A little younger...
Things are no better before.			Not better...

Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

I. Select the desired form from the right column, make a matrix.

II. Form a comparative and superlative degree:

Sad, gray, lovely, mountainous, bad, old, free, dry, near, brilliant, heavy, productive, white, unusual, much, few, ill, good, little, great, early, tragic, happy, careful, cheap.

III. Use paired conjunctions for comparison, translate:

1. The tea in the cup is ... not ... in the kettle. 2. Ann is ... young ... her friend. 3. Today I feel much better ... yesterday. 5. Drive as fast ... you can. 6. The days in winter are ... ... long ... in summer.

1. As ... as ... 2. Not so ... as ...

Verb to be / to be, to be, to be; should /

Changeable forms: am, is, are, was, were.

Immutable forms: being, been.

1. Independent verb:	is, to be, to be
He is in Leningrad.	Is in...
He has just been here.
She will be here tomorrow.	Will...
2. Modal verb / verb equivalent must/	must, must / by agreement
Petrova was to meet him.	Should have...
I am to do it.	Must (should)...
3. Linking verb in a nominal predicate:	to be, to be, to be
the sun is a star.	There is, represents
Our task was to study well.	It was...
4. Auxiliary verb in:	does not translate
a) group times Continuous:
She was preparing for lessons, when I came in.	Getting ready...
She is working in the garden.	Works...
b) passive voice:	be / in past and bud. time/
Ann was sent to Moscow.	Was /sent/ ...
The house will be built here.	Will be built/...
He is asked every lesson.	He is /asked/...
The school is being built.	... /build/...
The article has been read.	... /read/...
He was always laughed at.	They always laughed at him.
His work is often referred to.	His work is often cited.
This room was not lived in.	This room has not been lived in.

Verb to be

I. Determine the function of the verb to be. Make a matrix, translate into Russian:

II. What grammatical unit is formed with the help of the verb to be. Make a matrix. Give your examples.

	been,

Verb to have / to have, to possess; must, have to /

Personal forms: have, has, had. Non-personal forms: having, had.

1. Semantic verb. I have three books. a year has 365 or 366 days.	Have, have, have. I have... The year has...
2. Modal verb / verb equivalent must/ I have to go there. I had to leave.	Must, must. Must go... I had to leave.
3. Auxiliary verb in perfect tenses We have just finished it. I shall have met him by 6.	Does not translate. Just finished. I'll meet...
4. Part of a phrasal verb
to have a smoke to have breakfast	smoke take a walk regret spare have breakfast have lunch Dine, etc.
I was having tea when she came. They had a long walk before going to bed. I shall have a try to pass this examination. Let's have a snack. Let's have a smoke. Will you have a bath? I have just had my dinner that is why I am not hungry.	I was drinking tea... They walked for a long time... I will try to submit.. Let's have a bite. Let's smoke. Take a bath? I just had lunch, so I'm not hungry.

verb to have

I. Define the function of the verb to have. Make a correspondence matrix, translate.

1. I have to read this text.	1. Semantic verb
2. I have read this text.	2. Modal verb
3. She has seen this new film.	3. Auxiliary verb
4. We had a good time yesterday.	4. Part of the phrasal verb-predicate
5. He will have seen the film by tomorrow.
6. He is having dinner now.
7. He will have to see the film.
8. I had to see this film.
9. I shall have two shelves.
10. I shall have to clean two shelves.
11. My mother has three sisters.

II. What grammatical unit is built using the verb to have? Make a matrix, give examples.

III. Put the sentences in the correct order:

										Perfect Continuous (to have been + ing)
			You were asking
			I shall be asking		We shall be asking	I shall have asked		We shall have asked	I shall have been asking		We shall have been asking

for expression:

Active pledge times

I. Determine the time of the bail. Make a matrix. Translate.

1. Changes happen very quickly here. 2. He is working on some kind of invention. 3. Everything has gone off fairly well. 4. We have always got letters from him. 5. They have been living here more than ten years. 6. He collected species of Caribbean flora. 7. I was driving along the country road. 8. I was sure they had known each other before. 9. He will have been flying by this time tomorrow when you come. 10. If you send me a letter, I'll answer. 11. By 1986 he had been teaching at the University for ten years. 12. He will be playing football from 5 till 6.30 tomorrow. 13. We shall have finished discussing this problem by Friday. 14. This custom seems strange to us.

10.Pres. Perf. cont. 11. Past. Perf. cont. 12. Foot. Perf. cont.

II. What tense would you choose when translating the underlined verbs? Use the previous right column, make a matrix.

1. I always try to look new theater production.

2. He just got a good grade in math.

3. Yesterday they were all day discussed this question.

4. Tomorrow by 4 o'clock this experiment will be completed.

5. Since then, we have never been with him again. have not met.

7. Tomorrow from morning to evening I Will work in the garden.

8. In 1988 it will be 20 years since I have been living in Kaliningrad.

9. I'm all already made before they came to us.

10. If you come follow me, we'll go to the sea together.

11. He is still did not buy this book.

12. You saw This movie?

Passive voice /Passive voice/ (to be + Past Participle)

Remember the forms of the passive in all tenses, paying attention to the fact that only the verb to be is an indicator of the person, number and tense of the verb of the passive construction:

CONTINUOUS

Some difficulties in translating the liability into Russian:

Passive voice

I. Determine the time, bail. Make a matrix.

1. is being written 2. has been done 3. had been sent 4. were built 5. are forgotten 6. will have been got 8. was being read 10. shall have been sent 11. will be said 12. shall be discussed 13. have been spent 14. are being tried

1. Pres. Ind. passive 2. Past Ind. passive 3. Foot. Ind. passive 4. Pres. cont. passive 5. Past Cont. passive 6.Pres. Perf. passive 7. Past Perf. passive 8. Foot. Perf. passive

II. Find the correct translation. Make a matrix.

Modal verbs and their substitutes

Modal verbs		Equivalents
			I can (can)
		to be allowed to	I can (allow) maybe (probability)
			should (to be) - (have to)
			- (should)