Repetition Repetition 1. Why are the Caucasus young mountains? 2. Prove that these are young mountains 3. Why do the western parts of Ciscaucasia receive more precipitation than the eastern? 4. What are the Caucasian resorts with mineral springs called? 5.. In the central part of the Caucasus, glaciers occupy a large area, although the territory receives a large amount of total solar radiation throughout the year. How do you explain this? What is the difference between local winds - foehn and bora?

Ural The length of the Ural Mountains from south to north is 2 thousand kilometers, and from west to east from 50 to 150 kilometers. The Ural Mountains stretch from the coast of the Arctic Kara Sea to the steppes of Kazakhstan. In the east - the West Siberian Plain, in the west - the Russian Plain. In ancient times, the Ural Mountains were called Riphean, and until the 18th century, “stone belt” (translated from Turkic “Ural” means belt). The Ural Mountains are relatively low: only a few peaks reach a height of 1.5 thousand meters above sea level, and the highest of them (Mount Narodnaya) is 1895 meters. 1. Direction and extent 2. Borders of the Urals 3. Height of the mountains 4. How does its length from north to south of 2000 km affect the nature of the Urals?

Ural Ural The Urals are separated from the Russian Platform by the Pre-Ural trough, consisting of sedimentary rocks (clay, sand, gypsum, limestone). The Ural Mountains were formed in PZ, but in MZ they were almost completely destroyed. Separate parts of the Urals rose during the KZ (Neogene). But these folded and blocky Ural Mountains were also destroyed as a result of the influence of external forces (weathering and erosion). Find Mineral deposits: -iron ores: Magnitogorskoye, Kachkanarskoye, Khalilovskoye -Copper ores: Krasnouralskoye, Gaiskoye, Sibaevskoye -gold: Berezovskoye -Asbestos: Bazhenovskoye -Oil: Ishimbay -Coal: Pechora, Kizelovsky

Ural Ural Minerals Western slope Eastern slope gentle Geological structure igneous, metamorphic steep sedimentary Oil, gas, coal, phosphorites, potassium salts Iron, copper, nickel, manganese ores, gold, graphite, bauxite, asbestos

1. The climate of the Urals is varied. Why? 2. Determine the average temperatures in January and July in the Northern (Polar) and Southern Urals. 3. Why does the western slopes of the mountains receive more precipitation than the eastern slopes? 5. How do climatic conditions change with altitude? 4. In what climatic zone and region are the Ural Mountains located?

Climate of the Urals Climate of the Urals Despite its rather small height, the Ural Mountains quite significantly influence climatic conditions. They are the boundary between different climatic zones: the temperate continental climate of the East European Plain and the continental climate of Western Siberia. Atlantic air masses reach the western slope of the Urals, trying to overcome it, rise higher and cool. As a result, more precipitation falls in the western part of the Urals than in the eastern part (about 1.5-2 times). The temperature regime also has its own characteristics. In the western part of the Urals, winter is snowier and, accordingly, milder. In the east there is less snow, and frosts reach ºС.

Ural Waters of the Urals The Ural Mountains are the watershed of rivers flowing across the West Siberian Plain and the Russian Plain. The rivers originate in the Urals, so they are low-water. Name the rivers. Pechora Shchuchya, Northern Sosva, Tavda, Tura, Iset, Mias Kama, Belaya, Ufa, Chusovaya Which ocean basins do the rivers belong to? How to provide the industrial cities of the Urals with water? Construction of ponds and reservoirs There are few lakes in the Urals; they are tectonic and karst in origin
Homework Homework Paragraph 32, On the contour map, highlight 5 parts of the Urals 2. Mark the highest points of the Urals 3. Mark the minerals of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals. Give a comparative description of the Southern and Polar Urals.

Ural - stone belt Russian land .

He's on the Asian mainland

Came across a stone threshold

He knows the mammoth skeleton

In frozen soils. Showers, winds

It has been sharpened for millions of years,

So that the edges sparkle like a line.

Iron, nickel, chrome ores

I will touch you with a word, I will find a rhyme for it.

No wonder there is an emerald stone in the mines

He looks into the darkness with his green eye.

The ridge will confuse the trail of elk,

He will begin to regale you with ripe blueberries,

The Sosvaya River will flash between the pines,

The glacier will reach the bright cloud,

He will look into the lakes and enter poetry like this.

He smelled of forests and flowers

And bitter factory smoke.

S. Shchipachev

The Ural is a mountainous country,

stretching from the

the Kara Sea region to

steppes of Kazakhstan from the north

ra to the south more than 2000 km, with

west to east – from 50

Continuation of the Ural Mountains

in the north are the islands

Novaya Zemlya and Vaygach, and on

south of the Mugojar Mountains.

The Urals are natural

border between Europe

were called Riphean.

"Stone Belt of the Russian Land"

“Stone”, “Earth belt” - so on

was called the Urals until the 18th century.

The name "Ural" appears with

from the 18th century In the works of the Russian historian

Rick and geographer Vasily Nikiti-

cha Tatishchev (“ur” in Mansi,

and “ure” in Even means

The Ural Mountains rise

before the eyes of the ridges of the middle

low-altitude ridges and quacks

zhey, dressed in taiga.

The highest point of the Urals

of the mountains - Mount Narodnaya

Mountains consist of several

drink, which stretch parallel-

but to each other in the meridian

direction. The ridges are divided

longitudinal intermountain ponies

marriages through which rivers flow.

Transverse valleys dissect

these chains into separate ridges and

History of development Ural.

• People settled in the Urals and moved gradually along the mountain steppes to the edge of the glacier.

• The ancient population of the Urals - the ancestors of the Udmurts, Komi, Khanty and others in the primitive era created a rich and unique culture.

• The first people spoke the language of the modern Khanty and Mansi peoples. The Abashev tribes lived in the steppes of the Southern Urals, as well as in the Chelyabinsk region.

Bashkir village

• The main population of the Southern Urals is IX – XI centuries were Bashkirs.

• From the second half XVI century, Bashkiria became a vassal of the Moscow state.

• The first Bashkir villages began to appear.

Cossacks

• IN XVI V. on the river In the Urals, free people appear who create a “Cossack republic” here.

• IN XVII V. The Orenburg Cossacks formed in the Southern Urals.

Construction of fortresses

• In 1730-1750 The first Russian settlements arose near the area of ​​present-day Miass: Chebarkul, Kundravinskaya, and Uyskaya.

• The government's task was to build fortresses in the Southern Trans-Urals, which led to an influx of peasants and service people.

Ancient inhabitants of the Urals

there were Bashkirs, Udmurts, Komi,

Khanty, Mansi, local Tatars.

The first settlements of Russians in the

curled in the Urals in the upper reaches of Ka-

we, their inhabitants, were engaged in hunting

that and fishing. In the 11th century By-

sad people Kalinnikovs-

we created the first salts

Varni in the village of Sol-Kamskoye

(modern Solikamsk).

XVIII century – century of mining plant development

industry of the Urals.

Studying natural resources

Ural, is engaged in their description

at this time V.N. Tatishchev. He

new the need for construction

tva of a large industrial plant

ntra of the Urals and chose me-

one hundred. This is how Catherine-

Geological research

tion of the Urals is actively

lived in the 19th century in I.V. Mushka-

Tov, A.E. Fersman and others.

Mining industry

studied the lands of the Urals and

could improve

scientist D.I. Mendeleev.

About the fabulous riches of the Urals

told brightly and colorfully in

his tales about the mistress Copper

mountains P.P.Bazhov.

“Ural! The supporting edge of the state,

Her breadwinner and blacksmith,

The same age as our ancient

And the creator of present glory"

(A. Tvardovsky)

Natural resources Ural.

The Urals amazes with the wealth of its

subsoil The Urals are called a pantry

countries. About 1000 found here

various minerals and taken into account

over 10 thousand p/i deposits.

In terms of reserves of platinum, asbestos, ore-

precious stones, potassium salts

The Urals own one of the

best places in the world.

Working with the map.

1. Between what tectonic structures

is the Urals located?

2. What structure separates the Urals from the Russian plateau?

3. What kind of mineral resources does the region contain?

howling trough of the Urals?

Ancient mountains of the Urals,

formed in the Paleozoic,

during the Mesozoic and Pale-

ogen were almost completely

thu destroyed. In the Neogene

Quaternary time current

tonic movements under

lifted to different heights

separate blocks of the Urals.

This is how folded

blocky Ural mountains

Ural fold system

Russian platform

West Siberian Plate

Stages of the origin of the Ural Mountains.

Stage 1.

Archean and Proterozoic era .

Stage 2. Palaeozoic. (Hercynian folding)

Stage 3. Mesozoic era.

4 stage . Cenozoic era.

After this, the mountains were again subjected to

destruction as a result of activities

ity of external forces - weathering,

activities of rivers and ice. As a result-

those near the surface turned out to be internal

removing parts of the folds where intense

processes of mineral formation took place,

various ores arose.

As a result of weathering

education occurs

kurums, trogs, circuses,

caves, carts

Cis-Urals

Trans-Urals

Central strip

Relief and geological structure

Salekhard

Sablya (1497)

Solikamsk

Chelyabinsk

Hercynian

folding

ore

useful

fossils

Mid-height

and low

mountains

sedimentary

useful

fossils

hills

Cis-Urals

Russian region

platforms

edge

West Siberian

slabs, fault

ore useful

fossils

Trans-Urals

The main wealth of the Urals is ores,

moreover, complex ores, for example

mer, iron ores with admixture

titanium, vanadium, nickel, chromium.

Copper ores with an admixture of zinc,

gold, silver.

Most ore deposits

it is located on the eastern slope

not where igneous predominates

Magnitogorsk

Vysokogorskoye

Krasnouralskoe

Large ore deposits

Kachkanarskoe

Khalilovskoe

Bakalskoe

The Urals are rich in color deposits

metals.

Copper ore is mined at Krasno-

Ural, Gaisky and other places of

deniyah. In the north of the Urals there were

there are large deposits of bok-

bauxite and manganese.

A lot of nickel is mined in the Urals

and chromium. The oldest place is gold-

mining in Russia – Berezovskoye

deposit near Yekaterinburg-

The following are non-metallic minerals:

no mention of huge deposits

asbestos (“mountain flax”) – valuable

the best fire-resistant material

la. Bazhenovskoye field

asbestos - one of the largest in

The Urals have long been famous for its various

precious and ornamental

with stones. Known Ural

gems: amethysts, smoky

topaz, green emerald,

sapphires, clear rock

crystal, alexandrites, etc.

All these gems are mined

are mined mainly in the re-

exact slope.

On the western slope of the Vishe-

ry found high-quality

new diamonds.

Ornamental stones of the Urals.

jasper

coil

malachite

In the Cis-Ural region, Permian salt-bearing

nye strata of the marginal trough co-

hold large reserves of potash

salts, rock salt, gypsum

(Verkhnekamskoye, Sol-Iletskoye,

Usolskoye field).

There are a lot of construction sites in the Urals

materials – limestone, granite,

cement raw materials. Available in the Urals

also oil (Ishimbay, etc.) and

coal.

In addition to mineral resources

resources The Urals are rich in forests

resources. Especially a lot

forests in the Northern Urals.

false Ural?

2. Determine what differences exist

ut in climatic conditions:

a) Northern and Southern Urals

b) Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals.

1.What water basins do the rivers of the Urals belong to?

2. Which parts of the Urals are well supplied with water resources?

Chusovaya river

Insufficiently provided with water

resources of the Middle Urals.

The main rivers of the Urals: Chusovaya,

Belaya, Ural, Kama.

R. Serebryanka

Waterfall on the Zhigolan River

The harsh beauty of the Polar and Se-

true Urals, exotic wasps

dancing, karst caves Sred-

he and the Southern Urals were attracted

There are many tourists in these areas.

But recreational resources are still

insufficiently mastered.

Nomenclature:

• Relief: Southern Urals, Middle Urals, Northern Urals, Pripo-

polar Urals, Polar Urals, Pai-Khoi ridge, Narodnaya, Konstantin

new Kamen, Telpoz, Denezhkin Kamen, Konzhakovsky

Kamen, Kachkanar, Yamantau, Magnitnaya, Payer.

• Minerals .
• Rivers : Shchuchya, Northern Sosva, Kosva, Tagil, Chusovaya, Ufa,

Yuryuzan, Ural, Belaya, Samara.

K.k. pp. 12-13, atlas pp. 42-43

Photo gallery Ural mountains

Tikhonov Vladimir

The presentation material can be used in environmental lessons on this topic. The presentation tells about the location of the Ural Mountains, their structure, rivers and lakes, climate, wildlife, and natural resources.

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URAL - STONE BELT OF RUSSIA Lesson on OM by Vladimir Tikhonov, grade 4B student of secondary school No. 605 in St. Petersburg (teacher V.Yu. Bushueva)

“Ural” in Bashkir - belt There is a Bashkir fairy tale about a giant who wore a belt with deep pockets. He hid all his wealth in them. The belt was huge. One day the giant stretched it, and the belt lay across the entire earth, from the cold Kara Sea in the north to the sandy shores of the southern Caspian Sea. This is how the Ural ridge was formed.

The stone belt of the Urals stretches for more than 2,500 km from the shores of the Arctic Ocean in the north to the semi-desert regions of Kazakhstan in the south. The Urals stretches between the East European and West Siberian plains, is located at the junction of Europe and Asia and is the border between these regions.

The Ural Mountains are divided into five parts: Polar Ural Subpolar Ural Northern Ural Middle Ural Southern Ural

The Polar Urals are the northernmost part of the Ural Mountains. Area - about 25,000 km². It is separated from the Subpolar Urals by the Khulga River. An active branch of the Northern Railway runs through one of the valleys. Polar Urals

The Subpolar Urals is a mountain system in Russia, stretching from the sources of the Lyapin (Khulga) River in the north to Mount Telposis (“Nest of the Winds”) (altitude about 1617 m) in the south. Subpolar Urals

Lakes of the Subpolar Urals Mountain lakes are mainly of the glacial type. 499 reservoirs are located at an altitude of 500 to 1000 m above sea level - the deepest (28 m) is Lake Torgovoe.

Lakes of the Subpolar Urals Above 1000 m there are only 68 lakes, and among them the deepest (38 m) is Lake Mansi. The water in the lakes is very clean, transparent, colorless, slightly mineralized

The Northern Urals extend from Kosvinsky Kamen to the banks of the Shchugor River. Northern Urals Northern Urals is one of the most remote and inaccessible regions of the Urals. Bear's Corner is the name of one of its peaks.

The massifs of the Middle Urals are much lower, usually no higher than 600-800 m. There are relatively few lakes, but here are the sources of the Pechora and Ural rivers. Middle Urals

The name "Southern Urals" is also accepted as the unofficial name of the Chelyabinsk region. The Southern Urals are the widest southern part of the Ural Mountains. Southern Urals

Rivers Rivers belong to the basins of the Arctic Ocean: Pechora, Usa, Tobol, Iset, Tura, Lozva, Northern Sosva; and the Caspian Sea: Kama, Chusovaya, Belaya, Ural.

The climate of the Urals is typical mountainous; precipitation is distributed unevenly. The climate is very diverse, as all zones have it. Climate of the Urals

Fauna A couple of centuries ago, the animal world was richer than it is now. Plowing, hunting, and deforestation have displaced and destroyed the habitats of many animals. Wild horses and saigas have disappeared

little bustards

Herds of deer migrated deeper into the tundra. But rodents (hamsters, field mice) have spread to the plowed lands.

The forests are inhabited by predators: brown bears, wolves, foxes, wolverines, sables, ermines, lynxes

They are home to ungulates: roe deer, elk, deer

In the Ural mountains lie countless treasures, and the “Mistress of the Copper Mountain” guards them.

The Mistress of the Copper Mountain lives in underground palaces made of Ural gems, she wants to turn into a green lizard, she will cry - emeralds will drip.

Natural resources cobalt potassium salt rock salt gold platinum gems forest resources asbestos zinc copper ores iron ores