14.10.2012

Book and Illustrative Exhibition "The First World War. Unknown Pages"

The exhibition “The First World War. Unknown Pages.

World War I (July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918), the first military conflict on a global scale, in which 38 of the 59 independent states that existed at that time were involved. About 73.5 million people were mobilized; 9.5 million of them were killed and died from wounds, more than 20 million were injured, 3.5 million were left crippled. In total, the First World War lasted 51 months and 2 weeks. It covered the territories of Europe, Asia and Africa, the waters of the Atlantic, the North, Baltic, Black and Mediterranean seas.

As a result of the First World War, the German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires were liquidated. Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were divided, while Russia and Germany, having ceased to be monarchies, were cut down territorially and economically weakened.

The First World War accelerated the development of social processes and was one of the preconditions for the revolutions in Russia, Germany, Hungary, and Finland. The purpose of the exhibition is to recreate the history of the First World War on the basis of documentary materials, to pay tribute to Russian officers and soldiers who honestly fulfilled their duty to the Motherland.

The exhibition presents 28 publications: books, magazine articles, films on electronic optical discs (DVD-ROM). The exposition is based on publications reflecting the main stages and aspects of the last war of the Russian Empire. Among them is the monograph of Anatoly Ivanovich Utkin "The First World War". The history of the First World War still harbors many blank spots and raises questions that cannot be answered unambiguously. What are the origins of one of the bloodiest wars in human history? What are the reasons for the tragedy that befell Russia at the beginning of the century? Why did the allies - the countries of the Entente - leave Russia to the mercy of fate? Is the current policy of Russia's rapprochement with the West correct, or perhaps we have our own path? These are the questions that the author tries to reasonably point out in his book.

The entire history of the First World War, from the fatal shot in Sarajevo to the controversial peace agreements, is presented in one book by the famous modern historian Norman Stone. A vividly and unusually captivatingly written book gives a full-scale picture of the causes of the First World War, its course and negative consequences for the geopolitics of the 20th century.

The book by the English maritime historians Richard Gibson and Maurice Prendergast "The German Submarine War 1914-1918", written on the basis of many sources that appeared immediately after the World War, contains rich factual material, covering in detail the course of operations of German submarines that took place during the First World War. war.

Among the most significant publications presented at the exhibition is Konstantin Alexandrovich Zalessky's biographical encyclopedic dictionary "The First World War". The book contains more than 300 biographies of the major military leaders of the First World War of 1914-1918. They led the fronts, fleets, led the greatest battles, the equal of which the world did not know until the 20th century.

The materials of the magazine articles presented at the exhibition tell about the organization of the army and rear, about supplying the army, helping the wounded and the situation of prisoners of war, about Russia's allies and opponents, about the activities of collecting documents from the First World War. The exposition is complemented by 6 films of the documentary series “History of Russia in the 20th century”: “AUGUST 1914. WESTERN FRONT"; "THE FIRST CONCENTRATION CAMPS TALERHOF AND TEREZIN"; "TANNENBERG"; "GALITSIN BATTLE"; "GREAT RETREAT"; "GORLITSKY BREAKTHROUGH". Each episode of the film is dedicated to the most significant events in the history of the Russian Empire of the period under review. Films are full of a huge number of events and facts. The director of the project is Smirnov Nikolai Mikhailovich, a military expert-journalist, author of the project "Our Strategy" and the series of programs "Our View. Russian Frontier".

LIST OF LITERATURE FOR THE EXHIBITION:

1. Alexander Mikhailovich (Grand Duke, 1866-1933). Book of memories: biography (Autobiography) / Alexander Mikhailovich; foreword and comm. A. Vinogradova. - M. : Sovremennik, 1991. - 271 p.

2. Airapetov, O. After August the fourteenth: [the fate of the troops and their commanders] / O. Airapetov // Motherland. - 2011. - No. 1. - P.114-115.

3. Boltunov, M. E. Diplomats in uniform / M. E. Boltunov. - Moscow: Kuchkovo field, 2011. - 365, p.

4. Bryukhanov, V. A. Teacher and Student: super agents Alfred Redl and Adolf Hitler: historical literature / V. A. Bryukhanov. - Moscow: Intellectual book, 2010. - 317, p.

5. Willmott, G.P. The First World War: [an illustrated chronicle of the first global conflict] / G.P. Willmott; per. from English: A. Doroshevich, D. Karelsky. - Moscow: Lomonosov, 2010. - 335 p. : maps, portraits, phot.

6. Wilson, H. R. Battleships in battle 1914-1918. : translated edition / H. Wilson. - M.: Isographus; Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhegor. book. publishing house, 2002. - 429, p. ; 21. - (Naval Library).

7. Gibson, R. German submarine war 1914-1918. : [per. from English] / R. Gibson, M. Prendergast. - Moscow: Veche, 2011. - 382, ​​p.

8. Grigorenko V. On the Danube in 1914: [according to the stories of a participant in the war] / V. Grigorenko // Motherland. - 2010. - No. 11. - P.134-138.

9. Gushchin, F. A. Captive generals of the Russian Imperial Army: 1914-1917 / F. A. Gushchin, S. S. Zhebrovsky. - Moscow: Russian way, 2010. - 381, p. : portrait

10. Zhigaltsova, L. “It's worth dying saving others. Otherwise, it's a shame ... ": [The death of Baroness Meindorf] / L. Zhigaltsova // Motherland. - 2010. - No. 3. - P.44-48.

11. Zalessky, K. A. The First World War: [Rulers and military leaders]: Biogr. encyclopedia. dictionary / K.A. Zalessky. - M. : VECHE, 2000. - 573, p.

12. Karolinsky, G. The last peaceful year 1913 / G. Karolinsky. - Moscow: OLMA Media Group, 2010. - 407, p.

13. Kashirin V. "Usus" by tinsel, or the capture of Makovka: [Victory of Russian troops at a height of 958 in the Skole Beskids] / V. Kashirin // Motherland. - 2010. - No. 4. - P.72-77.

14. Kersnovsky, A. History of the Russian army: 1881-1916. / A. Kersnovsky. - Smolensk: Rusich, 2004. - 510, p. : ill.

15. Ludendorff, E. My memories of the war = Meine Kriegserinnerungen: World War I in the notes of a German commander, 1914-1918 / E. Ludendorff. - Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf, 2007. - 349, p.

16. Martynov, B. F. Russian Paraguay: a story about General Belyaev, people and events of the last century / B. F. Martynov. - Moscow: Military publishing house, 2006. - 236, p., l. ill., port. : ill.

17. World wars of the twentieth century: in 4 books / Ed. V. A. Zolotarev, Ed. Yu. V. Kudrin; Institute of World History, Association of Historians of the First World War, Association of Historians of the Second World War. - M.: Nauka, 2002.

18. Book 1: The First World War. Historical essay / Otv. ed. G. D. Shkundin, Nauch. ed. V. L. MALKOV. - 2002. - 686 p.

19. Book 2: The First World War: documents and materials / Comp. A. P. Zhilin, Ov. ed. V. K. Shatsillo. - 2002. - 581 p.

20. Mirotvorskaya, N. A. Two notebooks: diary of Natalia Alexandrovna Mirotvorskaya / N. A. Mirotvorskaya; ed. M. Freidkin. - Moscow: STO Gallery, 2010. - 296 p.

21. Oskin, M. V. The First World War / M. V. Oskin. - Moscow: Veche, 2010. - 367 p., l. ill., tsv. ill., portrait, fax. : silt

22. The First World War [Electronic resource]: ist. lit. Film 14. August 1914. Western front; Film 15. The first concentration camps Talerhof and Terezin / dir. N. Smirnov; scenes. M. Shiryaev; comp. S. Diaghilev; producer A. Alekseev. - Electron. Dan. - Moscow: New time, 2007. - 1 el. opt. disc (DVD-ROM).

23. The First World War [Electronic resource]: ist. lit. Movie 16. Tannenberg; Movie 17. Battle of Galicia / dir. N. Smirnov; scenes. M. Shiryaev; comp. S. Diaghilev; producer A. Alekseev. - Electron. Dan. - Moscow: New time, 2007. - 1 el. opt. disc (DVD-ROM).

24. The First World War [Electronic resource]: ist. lit. Film 18. The Great Retreat; Film 19. Gorlitsky breakthrough / dir. N. Smirnov; scenes. M. Shiryaev; comp. S. Diaghilev; producer A. Alekseev. - Electron. Dan. - Moscow: New time, 2007. - 1 el. opt. disc (DVD-ROM).

25. World War I in the biographies of Russian military leaders [Text] / R. M. Portuguese, P. D. Alekseev, V. A. Runov. - M. : ELAKOS, LLP "Print-express", 1994. - 398 p.

26. Stone, N. The First World War: a Brief History / Norman Stone; per. from English. I. V. Lobanova. - Moscow: ACT: AST MOSCOW, 2010. - 219, p.

27. Utkin, A. I. The First World War: monograph / A. I. Utkin. - M. : Algorithm, 2001. - 592 p.

28. Shatsillo, V.K. The First World War, 1914-1918: facts: documents / Vyacheslav Shatsillo. - M. : OLMA-press, 2003. - 477, p.

In 2014, the beginning of the First World War is remembered in Russia and abroad.

The spark of the "global fire" flared up instantly, the whole of Europe was engulfed in flames, which had not known such a scale of war before.
War 1914-1918 was both the first and the last. The First World War and the last for four empires: Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman. With its beginning, the “long nineteenth century” ended and the “short twentieth century” began.

Materials about the First World War are in various collections of the Department of Manuscripts, they began to enter the Imperial Public Library when the war was still going on, and continue to replenish our funds even now. A significant part of the presented documents has not been exhibited before and is presented for the first time.

Among the exhibits are field books, letters, diaries, maps, articles, autographs of famous politicians and cultural figures.
First presented autographs and letters of the emperor Nicholas II and his cousin and the main opponent of the Kaiser Wilhelm II, Grigory Rasputin and grand duke Konstantin Romanov. Here are the prophetic verses Igor Severyanin, and diaries full of anxiety and uncertainty Zinaida Gippius, dry reports, colorful sketches and maps from the places of military operations and documents that have not passed censorship. There are also unsophisticated soldiers' letters from the front, including the "last news" from one of the thousands of forgotten heroes of that war, the Cavalier of St. George Fyodor Chachua, and next to it is a letter about his death.

A unique, miraculously preserved collection of handwritten leaflets is also exhibited. They were written by Russian soldiers in the trenches, referring to the soldiers and officers of the German army. Appeals were recorded on plywood, fabric, wrapping paper. At the beginning of the war, they were full of hatred for the enemy, and already in 1917, with a sincere desire to end the bloody, useless confrontation.

The exposition presents the most valuable documents of that time - handwritten magazines of Russian prisoners of war.

The exhibition in the Department of Manuscripts is a kind of documentary chronicle of the First World War. The exhibits not only tell in detail about the stages of the war and the people who participated in it, but also convey the atmosphere of that time.

The virtual exhibition of documents from the Department of Manuscripts to a certain extent repeats the exposition that opens in the Department on September 18, 2014 as part of events dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the First World War. The presented exhibits will complement the full-scale exhibition "Faces of the Great War: the First World War in the collections and funds of the National Library of Russia".

Exhibition preparation: Bogdanov Andrei Albertovich With. OR
Smirnova Maria Alexandrovna With. OR
Preparation of digital copies: Belozerov Dmitry Pavlovich library OR;
Lyakhovitsky Evgeny Alexandrovich LKIiINTED OR

Yesterday, on July 31, the city museum of local lore in Kropotkin hosted the opening of the exhibition “Two Wars in the Fates of Our Countrymen”. The exhibition is dedicated to the date of the beginning of the First World War 1914-1918. as part of the cultural and educational program “If we remember this war, what right do the rest have to forget”, designed for 2014-2018. This year, within the framework of this program, the museum has prepared a series of events "Chronicle of the Forgotten War" for the 100th anniversary of the end of the First World War (1914-1918).

The exhibition presents local history material: photographs of fellow countrymen participating in the war, eyewitness memories, fragments of edged weapons from the First World War, a symbolic map of Europe in 1914-1915.

For the first time, a sheet from the newspaper "Chronicle of the War in Russia" No. 14761 dated April 3, 1915 from the stock collection "Printed Products" is presented.

A special place in the exposition was occupied by a memory showcase dedicated to Mikhail Vasilievich Cherevchin, holder of two St. George Crosses of the 3rd and 4th degrees, a participant in the First World War, the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. The showcase contains documents, photographs and archival certificates confirming Mikhail Vasilyevich's participation in the First World War.

The exhibition section "White Doves", dedicated to the sisters of mercy during the First World War, presents photographs, postcards (copies) of the sisters of mercy, medical instruments of the early 20th century: glass syringes and needles, glass jars for storing medicines and a Petri bowl.

The exhibition was completed by the section "Achievements in technology and weapons during the First World War", which presents photographs of new weapons and military equipment developed during the war.

As part of the opening of the exhibition, a solemn meeting was held with representatives of the Cossack society of the region and the city.

Welcoming speeches were made by the Chairman of the Council of the Old Men of the City Cossack Society, Yuri Ivanovich Bezvershenko, and the centurion of the Kropotkinsky City Cossack Society, Honored Worker of Culture of the Kuban, Vladimir Nikolaevich Fomenko. A pleasant surprise for museum workers was a gift from Vladimir Nikolaevich - two volumes of the book "Pages of Cossack Glory" about the participation of the Cossacks of the Caucasian Department of the Kuban Cossack Army in the First World War of 1914-1917.

From Art. Temizhbekskaya, the ataman of the Cossack organization "Lineets" esaul Nikolay Dmitrievich Sitnikov and the deputy ataman, captain Vasily Fedorovich Klimenko, arrived at the event in the city museum. Nikolai Dmitrievich read poems of his own composition about the Cossacks - participants in the First World War. Vasily Fedorovich handed over to the museum collections a photo report on the installation of a monument to the participants of the First World War on the territory of the St. Michael the Archangel Church st. Temizhbekskaya. Among the guests of honor of the event were Yesaul of the city Cossack army Vladimir Adolfovich Kozhukhar, chairman of the Kropotkin primary organization of the Krasnodar regional branch of the Russian Society of Historians and Archivists (ROIA), director of the MBUK CBS Lyubov Mikhailovna Trepilchenko.

The honorary donor of the museum, Vladimir Adolfovich, donated to the museum a machine-gun box (cartridge box) for the Maxim machine gun, model 1911. and a do-it-yourself model of a two-masted sailboat. Lyubov Mikhailovna Trepilchenko handed over to the Kropotkin Museum a selection of the newspaper “Notes of an Archivist” for 2017 and the first half of 2018, and Anatoly Vasilyevich Marinchenko, Ph.D.

The participation of the Cossacks in the First World War was told by the deputy chieftain of the district Cossack society ml. sergeant major Alexander Nikolaevich Ignatov and a member of the society of historians-archivists Konstantin Vladimirovich Katalei.

Ataman of the Cossack organization "Lineets" Yesaula Nikolai Dmitrievich Sitnikov and centurion of the Kropotkinsky city Cossack society, Honored Worker of Culture of the Kuban Vladimir Nikolaevich Fomenko were awarded the "Georgievsky Cross" in honor of the 100th anniversary of the start of the First World War of 1914-1918.

For the pupils of the club "Patriot" and guests of the event, the researcher of the GKM Vinnikov I.V. gave a lecture "Inhabitants of the Romanovsky farm on the Caucasian front of the First World War."

History is always a lesson. Only by mastering it, you can confidently step into the future without repeating the mistakes of the past.

The State Historical Museum opens a large-scale international exhibition dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the start of the First World War.

The main objective of the exhibition is to restore the historical memory of the war, which was forgotten in our country for many years, and was referred to as “imperialist” in history books.

The collection related to the history of the First World War in the Historical Museum began to be collected immediately after the outbreak of hostilities: in August 1914, the Department of the current war was created in the museum. Subsequently, the museum funds were replenished with materials from trophy commissions, collections of the Military History and Artillery Historical Museums, complexes transferred by families of war veterans, as well as items brought from expeditions from battlefields. As a result, the Historical Museum has a fairly large collection of monuments on the history of the First World War.

Among the exhibits miraculously preserved in revolutionary times are the relics of the regimental museums of the Russian army, telling about the participation in military operations of the famous regiments - the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky, Finnish, 4th Rifle Imperial Family and a number of other military units and military schools.

The exhibition will feature banners, weapons, military awards, military household items, maps of battles, as well as posters, drawings, documents, and photographs.

The museum houses a collection of paintings made during the fighting by a team of front-line artists. These are plot scenes and images of St. George Knights - lower ranks, officers and generals, including N. Yudenich, M. Alekseev, G. Khan of Nakhichevan, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich.

The exhibits associated with the names of generals A. Brusilov, S. Vankov, A. Gutor, I. Dovbor-Musnitsky are of great value. For the first time, the exhibition exhibits the uniform of a marshal of the British Army, which belonged to Emperor Nicholas II, and a set of uniforms for the chief of the 27th Dragoon Regiment of King Edward VII of Great Britain.

With the help of documentary films and photographs, events that took place during the war will be shown. Multimedia facilities will visually recreate the vast space of the fronts of the First World War.

Many Russian and foreign museums and archives provided their materials for the exhibition at the Historical Museum: the Imperial War Museum (London), the Army Museum (Paris), the Bavarian Army Museum (Ingolstadt), the Polytechnic Museum, the Putilov Factory Museum, the archives of the Historical and Documentary Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation , GARF, archive of film and photo documents, Political archive of the German Foreign Ministry and others.

The organizers express their hope that the exhibition “First World. The Last Battle of the Russian Empire” will not only become a significant event in the cultural, social and scientific life of Moscow and Russia, but will also serve as an impetus for the creation of a museum of the First World War in our country.

A collection of scientific studies and a catalog have been prepared for the exhibition.

The First World War: about 15 million killed on the battlefields and civilians, countless disabled people, collapsed empires and - as a result - a redrawn map of Europe ... How to tell about all this, how to show in an exhibition a war that is called a "proto-catastrophe" twentieth century? The German Historical Museum in Berlin found the optimal solution. The exposition leads along 14 key points of the First World War. Carefully selected exhibits show the past clearly, history is reconstructed using the example of private destinies.

Victorious march to death

The exhibition begins already in the foyer, where the geopolitical situation in Europe on the eve of the great massacre is succinctly outlined: then, at the beginning of the twentieth century, the continent was in a fever from mutual claims and power ambitions. European capitals were ruled by aristocratic elites, business and banks gained enormous power, kings, tsars and kaisers were each other's relatives. Something like one big family, which was torn apart by political and economic strife and among whose members there was a competitive struggle for the redivision of the world.

The German Empire, in the person of Kaiser Wilhelm II, pursued a dangerous policy starting in 1890, claiming colonies and building a navy of menacing size in a few years. This is clearly shown in the exposition. Close and understandable to us today is the daily life of the big cities of that era, their peaceful way of life. But the military marches that sounded everywhere seem alien. Aggression is felt almost physically.

Six weeks after the assassination attempt on the heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne and his wife, war broke out in Sarajevo. The world went crazy. At the Deutsches Historisches Museum, the visitor walks past ruined walls pasted over with European newspapers from those weeks, and then walks up to August von Kaulbach's painting "Germania". A long-haired, blond Valkyrie in armor, with a sword and shield, is ready to meet the enemy.

CONTEXT

"Then they believed," explains Andreas Nix, one of the curators of the exhibition, "that the war was being waged in a just, defensive way." And they went to the front as they did in the 19th century, under fluttering standards, marching pace. But this march was met by a fiery tornado of machine-gun bursts.

New weapon

Between 1914 and 1918, about 12 million people fought on the side of Germany. In total, about 60 million soldiers participated in the First World War. During the Battle of the Marne, one of the key battles of the First World War, she first showed herself in a new dimension. Machine guns and rapid-fire artillery mowed down the soldiers in rows, and the number of casualties in the first weeks of the war turned out to be unexpectedly high. The soldiers began to dig trenches and trenches, erect parapets and build dugouts. They soon formed a dense network stretching from the English Channel to the Swiss border. The front froze, no one was talking about an imminent victory. The white gloves that one of the German soldiers kept in his duffel bag in case of a victorious entry into Paris were never useful to their owner. The First World War dragged on for a long time.

During the battles in close trenches, archaic medieval clubs were used for mutual extermination, which also became exhibits of the exhibition. On land, in the air and at sea, however, there was already competition for more modern, more deadly weapons. On April 22, 1915, German troops used chlorine gas during the battles in the vicinity of the Belgian town of Ypres - the first chemical weapon in history. By the end of 1916, 26 million conventional shells and 100,000 shells filled with poisonous gases had been blown up in the "sheer hell" of Verdun.

In the Deutsches Historisches Museum, these incredible figures are complemented by installations: behind a gauze curtain, for example, illuminated gas masks hang. When approaching them, the noise of rattles turns on, which, in the real trench conditions of the First World War, warned soldiers about the beginning of a gas attack.

total war

The exposition in Berlin should be built chronologically. It tells about the battles in the East and the West, about the war in Africa, about the fronts of the Ottoman Empire and about the battles in the mountain passes. Skis, toilet paper and board games are exhibited as "everyday" exhibits, "Field checkers", for example, easily fit in soldier's satchels along with photographs and letters from home. The exhibition also shows "patriotic" toys, in particular, a miniature field infirmary. The everyday life of a soldier is also cripples immortalized in photographs, prisoners hanged who were suspected of espionage, diary entries ...

In total, about 500 exhibits from 13 countries - weapons, uniforms, everyday items, as well as diaries, letters, drawings, paintings, photographs, films - show in the German Historical Museum how terrible the First World War was, this first in the twentieth century total catastrophe.