The Cossack woman Vasilisa Ilyinichna is one of the heroines of the epic novel, the mother of the brothers Per and Grigory Melekhov, the wife of Pantelei Melekhov. The image of Ilyinichna is a collective one, personifying a simple Russian woman, a keeper of the hearth, a faithful wife, a loving mother.

The appearance of the heroine. This is an elderly woman, with a stately gait, despite the fact that she has worked tirelessly all her life, her hands are worn out and rough.

Ilyichna is a hereditary Cossack woman. The life of the village residents was not easy - along with economic concerns, military service was required to defend the borders of the country, so women helped their husbands with housework, raising children fell on their shoulders, and, if necessary, they stood on par with men to defend the village. These women of a special “Cossack temperament” harmoniously combined determination and femininity, independence and humility, unshakable devotion to the family way of life and selfless love for the fatherland.

The meek Ilyinichna calmly and judiciously runs the household, is patient with her hot-tempered husband, who cheated on her and beat her mercilessly in her youth, and carefully takes care of restless children and numerous grandchildren. She is the protector of her family hearth - this is the meaning of her existence.

The main virtue of this woman is maternal feeling, love for children is sincere and selfless: she tenderly takes care of them, calling them “my little blood.” The mother’s wisdom opposes violence, she is disgusted by the civil fratricidal war, the senseless cruelty of the warring parties, because every soldier is someone’s son. She scolds Gregory, who is killing enemy soldiers, and calls on him to come to his senses and stop. The woman’s mercy is truly limitless - she accepts Mishka Koshevoy as a son-in-law, generously forgiving the murder of her own son Peter.

As a woman, she understands and supports her daughter-in-law Natalya, who suffered enough from her son Gregory and almost committed suicide, condemns her son for his heartlessness and cruelty towards his unloved wife, and his affairs with Aksinya, but still does not lose hope of seeing him.

The tragedy of the heroine’s fate lies in the loss of her family, the wait for her son Grisha from the front was painful, they never saw each other again.

The author, with special insight and warmth, presented to the reader the image of the mother of the central character Grigory Melekhov. The harsh life did not spoil her pure soul; she could always give practical advice to her daughters-in-law and daughter.

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Cossack Ilyinichna is a minor heroine of Sholokhov’s great novel “Quiet Don”. She is the mother of the central character of the work - Grigory Melekhov and the wife of Pantelei Prokofievich. The image of Ilyinichna is the personification of a simple Russian woman, who is, first of all, a keeper of the hearth, a faithful wife and a loving mother.

The heroine's appearance

Ilyinichna is an elderly woman who, despite her advanced age, has retained a majestic gait. “Like a goose, she swims around the yard,” the author describes her. She is short, snub-nosed, and brown-eyed. Ilyinichna has worked hard all her life, so her hands are rough, “crushed by many years of work,” and her palms are rough.

Character of the heroine

The heroine is a hereditary Cossack, and therefore the keeper of Cossack traditions. The author describes the heroine as brave and courageous. Ilyinichna had to endure beatings from her husband, but she steadfastly endured all the hardships for the sake of her children. Not every woman, whom her husband sometimes beats almost to death and systematically cheats on her, is capable of maintaining a family hearth and raising children.

Ilyinichna is a rare worker. Even when she gets old, she continues to work from morning to evening. She, as befits a Russian woman, “will stop a galloping horse and enter a burning hut.” The meaning of her whole life is to work for the benefit of her family and friends.

Ilyinichna’s main advantage lies in her maternal feelings. The heroine loves her children very much. He loves sincerely and selflessly. She waits for her children, prepares food for them, goes out to meet them at the outskirts, and affectionately calls them: “my little blood,” “my dear.”

Ilyinichna is a wise woman whose maternal heart resists violence. She is a mother herself, so she understands what it means to lose your own child. For her, it makes no difference whether a person is on the “white” side or “on the red” side, because each of the fighting soldiers is someone’s son who has a loving mother. The heroine condemns any manifestation of cruelty. She is a believer and a humanist. She often scolds her son Gregory, who kills enemy soldiers, and calls on him to come to his senses and stop doing such terrible things. The heroine even shows mercy to Mishka Koshevoy, her son-in-law, who brutally killed her own son. Ilyinichna sincerely worries about him, shows care and supports. For the heroine, war is the most stupid and useless thing in the world.

The fate of the heroine is tragic. Having lost almost all her relatives, she waited until the last for her son Gregory from the front, but died without seeing him.

Essay on the theme Vasilisa Ilyinichna (Quiet Don)

One of the minor characters in the work is Vasilisa Ilyinichna Melekhova, the mother of the main character of the novel, Grigory Melekhov.

The writer presents Ilyinichna in the image of a simple elderly Don Cossack woman who has retained a majestic gait and portly posture.

Ilyinichna is characterized by the author as an economical and prudent housewife, restless and troublesome, busy with daily economic problems, maintaining not only external comfort and order in the Melekhovs’ house, but also monitoring the moral family atmosphere. Ilyinichna’s main feature is her feminine wisdom and calmness, which allows her to run a household, take care of her emotional and hot-tempered husband, restless and temperamental children and numerous grandchildren.

Ilyinichna perceives any troubles in life patiently, with understanding, showing deep decency and warmth, trying to protect her household from life’s hardships and problems. Ilyinichna also supports her unfortunate daughter-in-law Natalya, who suffered from her unfaithful husband and almost left her, however, condemning her younger son for cruelty and heartlessness, she hopes to see and hug her favorite until the last days of her life.

She realizes the cruel grief of the bloody war that has begun as a result of revolutionary events, understands the senselessness of war between family and friends, perceiving each soldier as an ordinary child, who is waiting somewhere for a mother just like her. Throughout her long life, Ilyinichna lived for the sake of her family and children, working from early morning until late evening. When she is convinced to leave her house and acquired property, Ilyinichna does not want to leave her native farm, where her roots are and which she considers the meaning of human existence.

Like any Russian woman, Ilyinichna’s heart is all-forgiving and easygoing; even towards the murderer of her son, she at times feels maternal, pitying and caring for Koshevoy.

Narrating the events that happened to the Don Cossacks at the beginning of the twentieth century, the writer uses the image of Ilyinichna as an image of true maternal feelings, bright and sincere love for her child, regardless of situations and circumstances that do not accept the death of a loved one, do not hide pure and frank tears , yearning pain, revealing the essence of femininity and proving a woman’s life purpose in this world.

Option 3

The author in his work with a special heartfelt feeling showed the image of Grishka Melekhov’s mother, Ilyinichna. Rereading the lines where she talks about her unhappy life, you can’t help but think about how ordinary women lived in those days. When Natalya complained to her about Gregory, the old woman told her that she and her husband had lived as if in captivity. I didn’t see any joy, I worked from morning to evening, and my husband beat me for no reason. Ilyinichna worked a lot, but according to her years she was wise.

Despite the fact that her life was spent in harsh conditions, with constant beatings from her husband, she remained with a pure soul and could always give wise advice to her daughters-in-law and daughter. Since childhood, she told her children that they need to treat people with kindness and an open heart, to be honest. And even though Panteley Prokofievich often beat her, she was still a great moral authority for him. And although she was illiterate, she understood with all her soul that her son was going the wrong way. When she accompanied Grigory to the war, she tried to reason with him, saying that he needed to think about children, about family, about the future. No bloodshed will end well for anyone. She only wants happiness for her children.

Vasilisa Melekhova agrees for Dunyasha to marry Mitka Korshunov, but at the same time she treats him harshly, considering him a murderer. She condemns Daria's actions. Having lost close people in a short period of time, Ilyinichna lived with hopes only for Grigory’s return from the war. However, without waiting for her youngest and beloved son, the woman dies. She accepted death courageously, because she had endured so much suffering that she now had the right to die peacefully.

The image of Ilyinichna is the image of a simple Russian peasant woman, a mother with a huge heart and a woman of crystal purity and sincerity. With such heartfelt love, only a man who was himself from the people could draw this image.

In his novel, M. A. Sholokhov raises many questions and topics. The images described by the author embody not only their time, but also genuine human characters. Ilyinichna in the novel “Quiet Don” appears as an image of a righteous mother, a symbol of patience, hard work and humility. It was precisely these qualities that Sholokhov invested in the heroine, who became the personification of motherhood.

Portrait of a heroine

Vasilisa Ilyinichna Melekhova is the mother of Grigory and Pyotr Melekhov. At the beginning of the story, the woman is already old. Her portrait, described by the author, suggests that Ilyinichna is a pleasant and wise woman. Vasilisa’s “portly figure” and her stately gait have not undergone age. The author calls her “a wise and courageous old woman.” Of the children, Peter was most like her.

The fate of Ilyinichna

Vasilisa Ilyinichna is an exemplary and exemplary wife and mother. She is a real keeper of the hearth. Despite the fact that she had to endure a lot from her husband, she remained faithful to him and was able to raise her children to be good people. In a conversation with her daughter-in-law, Ilyinichna admits that not everything was good and smooth in her family life - she had to endure betrayal and beatings. But she managed to forgive her husband and saved the family. Women's duty was above all for her.

Vasilisa is a strong woman. Having learned about the death of her husband, she does not give vent to her feelings, copes with the loss at the level of internal experiences, without letting her grief out. This woman spends all her time working - the meaning of her life is to work for the sake of her children and family.

Ilyinichna rarely saw happiness in her own life, but this did not embitter her. She tries to instill the most moral qualities in her children. Goodness and justice are the main criteria of life for Vasilisa, and this is how she wants to raise her children. Seeing disagreements between her son and daughter-in-law, Ilyinichna tries to give wise advice and is the voice of reason. She tries to dissuade Natalya from the decision to get rid of the child, tries to show her the injustice of such an intention.

Many difficult trials befell this woman, but the worst of them was the war. She took her beloved people away from her, but even this could not undermine her faith in a bright future, true human virtues.

Image of motherhood

Sholokhov describes the image of Ilyinichna as a symbol of motherhood. She loves her children madly and is ready to do anything for them. Until the last moment she waits for Gregory to return, but fate did not allow her to see her son again.

There are no other people's children for her, and even Mishka Koshevoy, despite his actions, she forgives and helps him in every possible way. Her attitude towards children shows Ilyinichna to be wiser than all the warring parties. It does not divide people into “white” and “red”. She understands that they are all people who are someone’s sons, they are all loved and waited for by their mothers. Shooting at each other, massacres among the two warring sides wound the heart of Vasilisa Ilyinichna, she tries to reason with her son, appealing to his consciousness to God, honor and justice.

The characterization of Ilyinichna in the novel “Quiet Don” is the embodiment of the female destiny of that time, broken, but not broken. Through her image, Sholokhov conveys the virtue of true maternal feelings, the bitterness of losing children, all the fear and injustice of seeing off sons to war. Ilyinichna personifies the greatness of the people, their resilience and fortitude, even in such terrible circumstances as war.

This article will help you write an essay on the topic “Characterization of Ilyinichna in the novel “Quiet Don””, describe the image and fate of the heroine, indicate the symbolism and depth of the image.

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Work test

2. SHOLOKHOV. WOMEN'S FATES IN THE NOVEL “QUIET FON”

2.1 HISTORY OF THE NOVEL CREATION

1925 Sholokhov began a work about the Cossacks during the Kornilov rebellion, called “Quiet Don” (and not “Donshchina”, according to legend). However, this plan was abandoned, but a year later the writer took up “Quiet Don” again, widely unfolding pictures of the pre-war life of the Cossacks and the events of the First World War. The first two books of the epic novel were published in 1928 in the magazine Krasnaya Nov. Almost immediately doubts arise about their authorship; a work of such magnitude required too much knowledge and experience. Sholokhov brings the manuscripts to Moscow for examination (in the 1990s, Moscow journalist L. E. Kolodny gave their description, although not strictly scientific, and comments on them). The young writer was full of energy, had a phenomenal memory, read a lot (in the 1920s, even the memoirs of white generals were available), asked Cossacks in Don farms about the “German” and civil wars, and knew the life and customs of his native Don like no one else . The release of the third book (the sixth part) was delayed due to a rather sympathetic depiction of participants in the anti-Bolshevik Verkhnedon uprising of 1919. Sholokhov turned to Gorky and with his help obtained permission from Stalin to publish this book without cuts (1932), and in 1934 he basically completed the fourth , the last one, but began to rewrite it again, probably not without tightened ideological pressure. In the last two books of “Quiet Don” (the seventh part of the fourth book was published in 1937-1938, the eighth in 1940) many journalistic, often didactic, unequivocally pro-Bolshevik declarations appeared, often contradicting the plot and figurative structure of the epic novel. But this does not add arguments to the theory of “two authors” or “author” and “co-author”, developed by skeptics who irrevocably do not believe in Sholokhov’s authorship (among them A.I. Solzhenitsyn, I.B. Tomashevskaya). Apparently, Sholokhov himself was his own “co-author,” preserving mainly the artistic world he created in the early 1930s, and attaching an ideological orientation in a purely external way. In 1935, the already mentioned Levitskaya admired Sholokhov, finding that he had turned “from a “doubting”, wavering one - into a firm communist who knows where he is going, clearly seeing both the goal and the means to achieve it.” Undoubtedly, the writer convinced himself of this and, although in 1938 he almost fell victim to false political accusations, he found the courage to end Quiet Don with the complete collapse of his beloved hero Grigory Melekhov, crushed by the wheel of cruel history.

2.2 WOMEN'S FATES IN THE NOVEL

Aksinya was attractive; her beauty was not spoiled even by the wrinkles that appeared from a difficult life. Another heroine, Daria, delights readers with her femininity and energy. Natalya, purely outwardly, can be compared to a gray duck. The author himself often emphasizes “greedy lips” in Aksinya, “big hands” in Natalya, and “thin rims of eyebrows” in Daria. The heroines of M. Sholokhov are very different, but they are united by the completeness of their perception of life. In those years, the fate of women, as indeed in our time, was not easy. If a husband beat his wife, then this was considered in the order of things: before, the father taught wisdom, and now, therefore, the husband. Here are the consequences of such an attitude of Pantelei Prokopyevich towards his wife: “... in anger he reached the point of unconsciousness, and, apparently, this prematurely aged his, once beautiful, but now completely entangled in a web of wrinkles, portly wife.”

But this has always been the case in almost every family. And people perceived this as inevitable and given from above. There was a house, there was a family, there was work on the land, there were children to take care of. And no matter how difficult her lot was, she firmly knew her purpose. And this helped her survive.

But something terrible happened - the war began. And not just a war, but a fratricidal war. When yesterday's neighbors became enemies, when the father did not understand his son, and the brother killed his brother...

It was difficult for even the smart Gregory to understand what was happening. What should a woman do? How should she live?.. Husbands leave, but their wives remain.

The destinies of Aksinya and Natalya are intertwined and dependent on one another. It turns out that if one is happy, then the other is unhappy. M. Sholokhov depicted a kind of love triangle that existed at all times.

Natalya loved her husband with all her soul: “...she lived, cultivating an unconscious hope for her husband’s return, leaning on her with a broken spirit. She didn’t write anything to Gregory, but there was no one in the family who would expect a letter from him with such melancholy and pain.”

This tender and fragile woman took upon herself the full measure of suffering given by life. She wanted to do everything to save the family. And only after feeling the futility of this, he decides to commit suicide. Perhaps it was selfishness caused by jealousy that prompted her to do this. Was there such a revolution in Aksinya’s life? Perhaps it came after Tanya's death. Having lost her daughter, she didn’t know anything, didn’t think about anything... Terrible. The mother is alive, and her children are in the ground. There are no continuers of your life, it seems to have been interrupted... And at this difficult moment of her life, Aksinya found herself completely alone. And there was no one to help her... But there was one compassionate person, closeness with whom led to Aksinya’s break with Gregory. Fate was more merciful to Natalya in this regard. This heroine had truly maternal feelings, which united her with Ilyinichna, but somewhat alienated her from Daria, whose only child died.

It was said briefly about what happened to Daria’s child: “... and Daria’s child died...” And that’s all. No unnecessary feelings, emotions... By this M. Sholokhov once again emphasizes that Daria lived only for herself. Even the death of her husband saddened her for a short time; she quickly recovered. Obviously, Daria did not have deep feelings for Peter, she just got used to him. Afraid of waiting for the inevitable, lost from loneliness, she decided to commit suicide. And before merging with the waters of the Don, she shouted not to anyone, but to women, since only they could understand her: “Goodbye, little women!”

Not long before this, Natalya also passed away. After their death, Aksinya became close to Gregory's mother. It is a pity that the feelings that united these two women arose so late, literally one step before the death that awaited each of them.

Aksinya and Natalya died, thereby punishing the top of the triangle, leaving Gregory at a crossroads.

Perhaps M. Sholokhov spoke with bitterness about the fate of women. But try to portray it better - it won’t work! Reality is only real if it is true, otherwise it is not reality, but only a parody of it.

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Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary School No. 76"

Ulyanovsk

« Development of communicative competencies in a modern lesson of Russian language and literature »

Teacher of Russian language and literature

Trunina Elena Alexandrovna

2016

The only true luxury is

this is the luxury of human communication

Antoine Exupery.

Literature is a specific academic discipline, considered as a means of developing the key competencies necessary for a modern person to be successful in various areas of life.

Literature lessons are also the fundamental basis for the development of students’ language, imaginative thinking, and the development of artistic taste and aesthetic sense.

The lesson accomplishes the task first improvement communicative competence during the work of studying a work by involving each student in the process of active speech activity: conversation, dialogue, monologue. In the course of discussing what they read and understood, they formulate the problems raised by the author in the novel; analyze chapters in accordance with the assigned task, answer problematic questions, participate in discussions with classmates, and draw conclusions during discussion of issues in a group.

Literature lesson in 11th grade

“Women’s destinies in M.A. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don.”

The purpose of the lesson : improving the skills of communicative competence during the study of the work, improving the skills of analysis, comparative analysis by penetrating into the artistic “fabric” of the work.

Tasks:

1. Educational: get to know better the heroines of the novel, whose destinies are most closely intertwined with the fate of Grigory Melekhov, identify the main character traits that determine their fate, identify the problems of the texts of USE assignment 25, which can be illustrated by the work being studied;

2.Developing:

improve the ability to analyze a read work,

improve the ability to conduct comparative analysis by penetrating into the artistic “fabric” of a work,

improve correct speaking, the ability to express one’s own thoughts in a free interpretation,

improve the ability to express one’s feelings and emotions using a variety of intonation means, observe speech culture, improve the skills of thoughtful reading, searching for comments, cultural context for a work,

improve analytical thinking, improve monologue speech;

3. Educating: to cultivate a conscious and careful attitude to the word, to cultivate an understanding of the importance of human relationships, to cultivate a sense of duty, responsibility, mutual understanding, to cultivate proper attitude and respect for a woman in any of her incarnations.

Lesson type: dialogue lesson

Lesson methods:

Verbal;

Visual;

Demonstration;

Partially search;

Research;

Problem.

Form of educational activity:

- frontal;

Individual;

Group.

Equipment:

Presentation;

Episode from the film;

Texts;

Task cards;

Cards are helpers.

Predicted results:

- students know the content of the novel;

Have a holistic understanding of the character traits and vicissitudes of the fate of the main heroines of the novel;

Formulate the problems raised by the author in the novel;

Analyze chapters in accordance with the assigned task.

During the classes:

1.Organization of the class.

2. Lesson topic message: The song sounds...

Larisa Koshmina

Holy female destiny,

You won't have to endure heartache,

And your heart's prayer -

Will be able to reach the heavens.

And your tender hands are warm,

Will warm you up in severe frosts.

Will you support me if it’s hard?

You will shed holy tears of love.

Holy female destiny,

Your strength is enough for everything.

If only it could contain it, if it could, I carried the whole earth in my arms.

slide 1)

Efim Solomonovich Rogover, one of the researchers of Sholokhov’s work, states: “The greatest achievement of the author of “Quiet Don” is the revelation of the individual destinies of the novel’s heroes. By showing them, the writer strives to sculpt a unique character, often endowed with contradictions, to give a full-blooded, visible portrait, to convey the spiritual world, the emotional sphere of the individual.”

In the previous lesson, we had the opportunity to get acquainted with the individual fate, with the unique, contradictory character of the main character Grigory Melekhov. But the idea of ​​him will not be complete if we do not talk to you about the heroines of the novel, whose destinies are intertwined with the fate of Grigory Melekhov. (slide 2) Therefore, the topic of our lesson: “Women’s destinies in M.A. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don.” (slide 3)

Hence the goal of our lesson:

To get acquainted with the heroines of the novel, whose destinies are most closely intertwined with the fate of Grigory Melekhov, and to identify the main character traits that determine their fate, to determine which problems in the texts of task 25 of the Unified State Exam will help illustrate what we talked about today in class.

3.Work on the topic of the lesson:

Let's check how carefully you read the work. Here's a little test for you:

“Match the correspondence between the portrait description and the heroine of the novel.”

Turn over the white sheets to complete the test. Please, who will read the first characteristic? (In the process of answering - slide No. 4):

1) Ilyinichna; 2) Aksinya; 3)Natalia; 4) Dunyasha; 5) Daria;

Conclusion about how well they know the text.

In the epic novel, Sholokhov creates vivid female images of Aksinya, Daria, Natalya, Dunyashka, Ilyinichna. Despite all the individualization of the description, they are united by the soul-crushing acuteness of suffering and tragic fate. (onslide Daria and Dunyashka disappear, Aksinya, Natalya and Ilyinichna remain).

Let's try to figure it out:

Why do such beautiful women as the brave and proud Aksinya, the meek and hardworking Natalya, the wise and majestic Ilyinichna end their lives so tragically?

What are their experiences and actions?

Which female character do you particularly remember or like, and why?

It is no coincidence that your tests are on sheets of different colors - the color will distribute you into groups, because it is in the groups that you will complete the next task.

Prepare a detailed answer to the question:

“What character traits are the embodiment of the heroine of M.A. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don” - Ilyinichna? - Natalya? - Aksinya”? Determine which of these qualities are closest to you? Justify your answer with text. Write down the supporting words of the characteristics on separate sheets of paper. Identify a speaker from the group. Preparation time: 5 minutes. Time to present results is 3 minutes.

When preparing, you can use the algorithm that is presented on the sheetsblue colors. Pay attention to the criteria by which your answer will be assessed (sheetsyellow colors).

Ι group

Aksinya.

1. Aksinya’s life before meeting Gregory (childhood, Aksinya is Stepan’s wife).

2. Aksinya and Gregory. Aksinya’s love for Gregory and a new perception of the life around him.

3. What character traits are revealed in Aksinya?

4. Aksinya’s difficult search for ways of self-affirmation as an individual and a dream of a better life.

5. Why, from your point of view, is Aksinya’s fate so tragic?

Group II

Natalia.

1. Natalia and Gregory. The strength and high morality of the feeling of love. What attracts Gregory to her?

2. How did Natalya determine the meaning of life for herself? What is her understanding of happiness, her role in the family, in the home.

3. The tragedy of Natalia’s fate, her death. Would you call her courageous? Why?

4. Sholokhov’s skill in creating the image of Natalia, in conveying her inner state.

5. Determine your own attitude towards Natalia. Do you justify her actions? What is her double sin?

6. How do you see Natalia’s closeness to the image of the saints?

ΙΙΙ group

Ilyinichna's image.

1. Find the strokes of Ilyinichna’s portrait. Determine their role in revealing Ilyinichna’s character.

2. What are Ilyini’s character traits?

Are they bringing her closer to the image of the Mother of God? How are they revealed by Sholokhov?

3. Why does Ilyinichna feel superfluous at the end of her life?

4. Who is to blame for the fact that the Melekhovs’ house is empty?

5. Who in the novel is Ilyinichna’s “successor”?

(There is work in groups, then performances).

Teamwork with the class after listening to group study messages:

- What unites such different Sholokhov women?

- What, in your opinion, is the reason for the tragedy of these women’s lives? Could the fate of each of them have been different?

The fates of women in the novel are unique, but all are tragic. The author paints each woman's fate with love and understanding, creating a collective portrait of the image of a Don Cossack woman. At the same time, the writer highlights the universal human essence in the character of his heroines: sincerity, femininity, the ability to love and fight for one’s love, to create comfort and build one’s Home.

Watching an episode of S. Gerasimov’s feature film “Quiet Don”.

Let's turn to the footage of the tragic death of one of these heroines (the death of Aksinya).

Episode analysis.

The episode of Aksinya’s death will cast light on the entire subsequent life of the protagonist. With the death of his beloved, Gregory lost “both his reason and his former courage.” It is symbolic that the hero was never able to rise. Kneeling, he somehow mechanically digs Aksinye’s grave with a saber. He feels suffocated, “to make it easier to breathe, he tore his shirt on his chest.”

Aksinya's death is an important episode in the novel. It ends the “series of losses” of the main character - we understand that due to the fratricidal war, he lost everything that keeps a person on this earth. And we finally realize the depth of the tragedy of Grigory Melekhov, as well as the stupidity of people who, pursuing incomprehensible goals, deprive themselves of what is most precious - family, homeland, life.

- Which of the Sholokhov heroines did you like best and why?

The women depicted by Sholokhov vividly appear before your eyes, each with its own character, unique. Together with them we laugh and feel sad, we live their bright, full-blooded lives as free, strong daughters of the Don steppes. Considerable dignity is given to the novel “Quiet Don” by the combination of an epic depiction of great historical events with the amazing lyricism of the narrative, the transmission of the subtlest experiences of the heroes, the disclosure of their most intimate feelings and thoughts, and to a greater extent this applies to the description of the images of ordinary Russian women.

It is difficult to find another work in Russian literature on the pages of which so much attention and bright colors were given by its author to a woman and her bitter lot.

The heroines of the novel can be condemned or justified, accepted or not, but it is important to remember that the author himself was not so categorical, he believed that none of the heroes is the bearer of absolute truth, all heroes have the right to their truth, just like you yourself . But we must remember that each of us is responsible for our actions.

- Can we say that these traits determine the fate of the heroines?

Prove it.

-But is it only character traits that determine human destiny?

(historical and personal are intertwined)

4. Preparation for completing task 25 of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language:

- Determine which problems in the texts of task 25 of the Unified State Examination will help illustrate our conversation today in class.

The problem of motherhood, caring for loved ones:

In the novel “Quiet Don” by M. Sholokhov, the image of Ilyinichna is presented, who personifies the idea of ​​motherhood. She is the keeper of the hearth and gives her loved ones her warmth. “Quiet Don” also raises the problem of maternal feelings. Ilyinichna forgives Mikhail Koshevoy for the murder of her son and accepts him as her son-in-law. So great is her maternal love that it even extends to her son’s murderer.

Ilyinichna is not just a mother, the mistress of the Melekhov family. Her image embodied all the best features of the Russian Cossack mother. It is through the example of Ilyinichna that the novel reveals the problem of maternal love and the tragedy of a mother who lost her entire family.

The problem of female love, female fidelity and passion:

The work reveals the problem of female love, female fidelity and passion. It is examined using the example of the relationships between Grigory and Aksinya, Grigory and Natalya, Dunyashka and Mishka Koshevoy. These are examples of the loyalty and devotion of Cossack women.

The feeling of love in Aksinya is unusually strong and passionate. It is expressed in boundless self-sacrifice, in transferring the center of life from oneself to another person, to whom she gives all of herself without a trace. Aksinya carried her love for Gregory throughout her difficult, distorted life. Rebellious and rebellious, with her head held high, she went against prejudice, hypocrisy and falsehood, causing evil rumors and gossip. Throughout her life Aksinya carried her love for Gregory. The strength and depth of her feeling was expressed in her readiness to follow her beloved through the most difficult trials. In the name of this feeling, she leaves her husband and household and leaves with Grigory to work as a farm laborer for the Listnitskys. During the Civil War, she goes with Gregory to the front, sharing with him all the hardships of camp life. And for the last time, at his call, she leaves the farm with the hope of finding her “share” in Kuban with him. All the strength of Aksinya’s character was expressed in one all-encompassing feeling - love for Gregory.

The problem of the eternal human desire for happiness :

In addition, this is a work about the eternal human desire for happiness and the suffering that befalls the human lot. And there are always many of these trials and sufferings. But there are especially many of them in times of great upheavals, great historical events. We all strive for happiness, often looking for it in the wrong places. And sometimes we don’t notice the happiness under our own nose. For example, Grigory Melekhov. He could have run away with Aksinya when she suggested it to him for the first time. These heroes could be happy together. But Grigory did not want to leave the farm, did not want to build a happy life on a foreign side. Having already married Natalya, the hero continued to walk with Aksinya, giving neither her nor Natalya peace. We can say that he himself did not live happily and did not give it to others. Soon Grigory leaves his wife and goes to Aksinya. Throughout the entire novel, Melekhov will rush from one woman to another, without making a choice, without finding his happiness.

5. Lesson summary:

Of course, Sholokhov’s heroines are different women, which has been said a lot in literary critical articles, but we found something in common in them: they are all strong and courageous women who know how to love to the point of self-forgetfulness, who know how to protect their home, their family, and sacrifice themselves for those who they love. And no matter how tragic their fates may be, each of Sholokhov’s heroines carries within herself the strength of character, bravely accepts the blows of fate, maintaining her main quality - loyalty to her native land, home and loved ones. And yet time, no matter how cruel it may be, cannot break centuries-old traditions, human nature and make people stop loving. Let's return to the task of our lesson (slide No. 5).

-Do you think it has been completed?

Grades for the lesson (based on the criteria).

Annex 1

Characteristics of a literary hero

Approximate characterization plan for a hero:

1. Determining the hero’s place among other characters.

2. The degree of participation and its role in the conflict.

3. Name analysis.

4.Portrait. Appearance, as given by the author and in the perception of other characters.

5. Speech characteristics.

6.Description of household items, housing, clothing, living conditions as a means of self-expression of the hero.

7. Family, upbringing received, life history. Occupation.

8. Character traits. The evolution of personality in the process of plot development.

9. Actions and motives of behavior in which the hero manifests himself most clearly.

11. Comparison with other characters or a literary hero of another author.

12. Evaluation of a literary character by his contemporaries.

13. A hero as a product of his era and an exponent of a certain worldview. Definition of the typical and individual in a literary hero.

14. Your personal attitude towards the character and this type of people in life.

Appendix 2

When assessing oral answers based on literature, the following criteria are used:

awarded for an answer that reveals solid knowledge and deep understanding of the text of the work being studied;

the ability to explain the relationship of events, the character and actions of the characters, the role of artistic means in revealing the ideological and aesthetic content of the work;

use text to support your conclusions; reveal the connection between the work and the era;

be fluent in monologue speech.

"4"

awarded for an answer that demonstrates solid knowledge and a sufficiently deep understanding of the text of the work being studied;

for the ability to explain the interconnection of events, the characters and actions of the characters and the role of the main artistic means in revealing the ideological and aesthetic content of the work;

the ability to use the text of a work to substantiate one’s conclusions;

have good command of monologue literary speech;

however, they allow 2-3 inaccuracies in the answer.

"3"

The answer is assessed, indicating mainly knowledge and understanding of the text of the work being studied, the ability to explain the relationship of basic means in revealing the ideological and artistic content of the work, but insufficient ability to use this knowledge when analyzing the work.

There may be several errors in the content of the answer, insufficient fluency in monologue speech, a number of shortcomings in the composition and language of the answer, and a discrepancy between the reading level and the established standards for the given class.

"2"

the answer reveals ignorance of essential issues of the content of the work; inability to explain the behavior and characters of the main characters and the role of the most important artistic means in revealing the ideological and aesthetic content of the work, poor command of monologue speech and reading techniques, poverty of expressive means of language.

Bibliography and electronic resources:

Egorova N.V. Lesson developments on Russian literature of the 20th century. - M: “VAKO”, 2007.

Turyanskaya B.I., Gorokhovskaya L.N., Millionshchikova T.M. Literature in 11th grade. Lesson after lesson. - M: LLC TID "Russkoe SlovoRS", 2008.
M.A. Sholokhov “Quiet Don”, Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Book Publishing House, 1998.

Textbook for universities. Russian literature of the 20th century, ed. Krementsova L.P. Gura V.V., Abramov F.A. M.A. Sholokhov. Seminary.

Minakova A. On the artistic structure of M. Sholokhov’s epic // Problems of M. Sholokhov’s creativity. – M., 1984.

Non-standard lesson in literature: Collection of methodological developments. In 2 parts / Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation Chelyab. Branch of IPO / edited by V.Ya. Legaeva. – Chelyabinsk, 1993.

Chalmaev V. Sholokhov’s open world: “Quiet Don” - unclaimed ideas and images

Yakimenko L.Ya. Creativity M.A. Sholokhov.

Episodes of S. Gerasimov’s film “Quiet Don”